Papers by Xing Wang
CharacterBox: Evaluating the Role-Playing Capabilities of LLMs in Text-Based Virtual Worlds (2025.naacl-long)
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| Challenge: | Evaluating role-playing capabilities in large language models is challenging due to complex dynamics involved in role-playering. |
| Approach: | They propose a simulation sandbox that generates situational fine-grained character behavior trajectories to enhance LLM performance. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model generates situational fine-grained character behavior trajectories to enhance performance. |
Too Long, Do Re-weighting for Efficient LLM Reasoning Compression (2026.acl-long)
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Zhong-Zhi Li, Xiao Liang, Zihao Tang, Lei Ji, Peijie Wang, Haotian Xu, Xing W, Haizhen Huang, Weiwei Deng, Yeyun Gong, Zhijiang Guo, Xiao Liu, Fei Yin, Cheng-Lin Liu
| Challenge: | Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently achieved remarkable progress on complex reasoning tasks by leveraging extended Chain-of-Thought (CoT) techniques. |
| Approach: | They propose a method that uses Extended Chain-of-Thought (EFT) to reduce the number of output tokens by nearly 40% while maintaining the accuracy of the reasoning. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method reduces the number of output tokens by nearly 40% while maintaining the accuracy of the reasoning. |
LLMs Assist NLP Researchers: Critique Paper (Meta-)Reviewing (2024.emnlp-main)
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Jiangshu Du, Yibo Wang, Wenting Zhao, Zhongfen Deng, Shuaiqi Liu, Renze Lou, Henry Zou, Pranav Narayanan Venkit, Nan Zhang, Mukund Srinath, Haoran Zhang, Vipul Gupta, Yinghui Li, Tao Li, Fei Wang, Qin Liu, Tianlin Liu, Pengzhi Gao, Congying Xia, Chen Xing, Cheng Jiayang, Zhaowei Wang, Ying Su, Raj Shah, Ruohao Guo, Jing Gu, Haoran Li, Kangda Wei, Zihao Wang, Lu Cheng, Surangika Ranathunga, Meng Fang, Jie Fu, Fei Liu, Ruihong Huang, Eduardo Blanco, Yixin Cao, Rui Zhang, Philip Yu, Wenpeng Yin
| Challenge: | a comparative analysis of paper (meta-)reviews by large language models (LLMs) aims to identify and distinguish LLMs from human activities . |
| Approach: | They present a comparative analysis to identify and distinguish LLM activities from human activities. |
| Outcome: | The proposed analysis aims to improve recognition of instances when someone implicitly uses LLMs for reviewing activities. |
HTML: Hierarchical Topology Multi-task Learning for Semantic Parsing in Knowledge Base Question Answering (2025.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Existing approaches struggle with mapping questions to precise logical forms . Existing frameworks struggle with complex mapping of questions to logical form . |
| Approach: | They propose a framework that leverages a hierarchical multi-task learning paradigm to enhance the performance of logical form generation. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework outperforms supervised fine-tuning methods and training-free ones on large language models. |
Decentralized Arena: Towards Democratic and Scalable Automatic Evaluation of Language Models (2026.acl-long)
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Yanbin Yin, Kun Zhou, Zhen Wang, Xiangdong Zhang, Yifei Shao, Shibo Hao, Yi Gu, Jieyuan Liu, Somanshu Singla, Tianyang Liu, Eric P. Xing, Zhengzhong Liu, Haojian Jin, Zhiting Hu
| Challenge: | closed-ended question-based benchmarks struggle with saturation as newer models emerge . crowd-sourced leaderboards rely on costly and slow human judges . |
| Approach: | They propose a framework that leverages collective intelligence from all large language models to evaluate each other. |
| Outcome: | a new framework enables a democratic, pairwise evaluation of all large language models . it achieves 97% correlation with human judgements, while significantly reducing the cost. |
Recurrent Attention Networks for Long-text Modeling (2023.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Existing approaches to encoding long documents using self-attention have been limited by quadratic computational complexities and limited application in long text processing. |
| Approach: | They propose a long-document encoding model that allows the recurrent operation of self-attention. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model extracts global semantics in token-level and document-level representations, making it inherently compatible with both sequential and sequential tasks. |
ParroT: Translating during Chat using Large Language Models tuned with Human Translation and Feedback (2023.findings-emnlp)
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Wenxiang Jiao, Jen-tse Huang, Wenxuan Wang, Zhiwei He, Tian Liang, Xing Wang, Shuming Shi, Zhaopeng Tu
| Challenge: | Large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT are only accessible through restricted APIs, which creates barriers to new research and advancements in the field. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework to enhance and regulate the translation abilities during chat . they reformulate translation data into the instruction-following style and introduce a "Hint" field . |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework enhances and regulates the translation abilities during chat . it reformulates translation data into the instruction-following style and introduces a "Hint" field . |
Towards Better Modeling Hierarchical Structure for Self-Attention with Ordered Neurons (D19-1)
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| Challenge: | Recent studies have shown that a hybrid of self-attention networks (SANs) and recurrent neural networks (RNNs) outperforms both individual architectures, while not much is known about why the hybrid models work. |
| Approach: | They propose to use an advanced variant of self-attention networks (SANs) to enhance the strength of hybrid models by introducing a syntax-oriented inductive bias to perform tree-like composition. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms both individual models and a standard hybrid model on a machine translation task. |
LoopCoder: Scaling Code Intelligence via Looped Language Models (2026.findings-acl)
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Jian Yang, Wei Zhang, Shuyue Guo, Yizhi LI, Linzheng Chai, Zhengmao Ye, Shukai Liu, Yuyang Song, Jiajun Wu, Che Liu, Tianyu Zheng, Siwei Wu, Leo L, Xudong Ma, Chuan Hao, Ran Tao, Yan Xing, Jianzhou Wang, Mingjie Tang, Aishan Liu, Zhoujun Li, Xianglong Liu, Weifeng Lv, Bryan Dai
| Challenge: | Large language models have mastered syntax-level code generation, but complex algorithmic reasoning remains a challenge. |
| Approach: | They propose a recurrent inductive bias that aligns with the recursive nature of programming logic. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model achieves comparable performance to standard dense models with more parameters. |
How Does Selective Mechanism Improve Self-Attention Networks? (2020.acl-main)
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| Challenge: | Experimental results show that selective SANs outperform the standard SAN by paying more attention to content words that contribute to the meaning of the sentence. |
| Approach: | They propose to implement selective SANs with a flexible Gumbel-Softmax to improve word order encoding and structure modeling. |
| Outcome: | The proposed system outperforms the standard SANs on several representative NLP tasks including natural language inference, semantic role labelling, and machine translation. |
Skeleton-Guided-Translation: A Benchmarking Framework for Code Repository Translation with Fine-Grained Quality Evaluation (2025.findings-emnlp)
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Xing Zhang, Jiaheng Wen, Fangkai Yang, Yu Kang, Pu Zhao, Junhao Wang, Maoquan Wang, Yufan Huang, Shengyu Fu, Elsie Nallipogu, Qingwei Lin, Yingnong Dang, Saravan Rajmohan, Dongmei Zhang
| Challenge: | Existing code translation benchmarks focus on individual functions, overlooking repository-level challenges like intermodule coherence and dependency management. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework for benchmarking Java-to-C# translation at the repository level . it uses a translation framework guided by skeletons and fine-grained quality evaluation . |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework improves Java-to-C# translation quality at the repository level. |
Exploiting the Index Gradients for Optimization-Based Jailbreaking on Large Language Models (2025.coling-main)
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| Challenge: | Despite advances in training Large Language Models, they remain vulnerable to jailbreak, an adversarial attack method. |
| Approach: | They propose an adversarial jailbreak algorithm that exploits the gradient information of the suffix tokens to accelerate the optimization process. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model achieves 1.5x speedup while maintaining high attack success rates. |
Towards Human-aligned Evaluation for Linear Programming Word Problems (2024.lrec-main)
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Linzi Xing, Xinglu Wang, Yuxi Feng, Zhenan Fan, Jing Xiong, Zhijiang Guo, Xiaojin Fu, Rindra Ramamonjison, Mahdi Mostajabdaveh, Xiongwei Han, Zirui Zhou, Yong Zhang
| Challenge: | Existing evaluation methodologies for MWPs diverge from human judgment and face challenges in recognizing mathematically equivalent answers. |
| Approach: | They propose an evaluation metric rooted in graph edit distance that features benefits such as permutation invariance and more accurate program equivalence identification. |
| Outcome: | The proposed evaluation metric features benefits such as permutation invariance and more accurate program equivalence identification. |
Modeling Recurrence for Transformer (N19-1)
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| Challenge: | Existing studies show that the lack of recurrence modeling hinders the development of a translation model. |
| Approach: | They propose to model recurrence for Transformer with an additional recurrent encoder. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms the deep model on EnglishGerman and ChineseEnglish translation tasks. |
Texar: A Modularized, Versatile, and Extensible Toolkit for Text Generation (P19-3)
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Zhiting Hu, Haoran Shi, Bowen Tan, Wentao Wang, Zichao Yang, Tiancheng Zhao, Junxian He, Lianhui Qin, Di Wang, Xuezhe Ma, Zhengzhong Liu, Xiaodan Liang, Wanrong Zhu, Devendra Sachan, Eric Xing
| Challenge: | Texar is an open-source text generation toolkit that supports a broad set of text generation tasks. |
| Approach: | They introduce Texar, an open-source text generation toolkit that supports text generation tasks. |
| Outcome: | Texar supports machine translation, summarization, dialog, content manipulation, and more. |
InquireMobile: Teaching VLM-based Mobile Agent to Request Human Assistance via Reinforcement Fine-Tuning (2026.acl-long)
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Qihang Ai, Pi Bu, Yue Cao, Yingyao Wang, Jihao Gu, Jingxuan Xing, Zekun Zhu, Wei Jiang, Zhicheng Zheng, Jun Song, Yuning Jiang
| Challenge: | Recent advances in Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have enabled mobile agents to perceive and interact with real-world mobile environments based on human instructions. |
| Approach: | They propose a vision-language model that actively seeks human confirmation at critical decision points and a model inspired by reinforcement learning. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model achieves an improvement of 46.8% in inquiry success rate and the best overall success rate among existing baselines on InquireBench. |
Multi-Task Learning with Shared Encoder for Non-Autoregressive Machine Translation (2021.naacl-main)
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| Challenge: | Existing non-autoregressive machine translation models have shown significant inference speedup but suffer from inferior translation accuracy. |
| Approach: | They propose to use AT as an auxiliary task to transfer AT knowledge to NAT models by knowledge distillation. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method achieves significant improvements over baseline non-Autoregressive machine translation models on WMT14 En-De and WMT16 En-Ro datasets. |
Self-Attention with Structural Position Representations (D19-1)
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| Challenge: | Experimental results show that SANs can't encode positions of input words . SAN's are currently lacking in encoding positions of words based on position-unaware "bagof-words" theory . |
| Approach: | They propose to augment SANs with structural position representations to capture latent structure of input sentence. |
| Outcome: | The proposed approach consistently outperforms the sequential representations on translation tasks. |
QiMeng-PRepair: Precise Code Repair via Edit-Aware Reward Optimization (2026.acl-long)
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Changxin Ke, Rui Zhang, Jiaming Guo, Yuanbo Wen, Li Ding, Shuo Wang, Xuyuan Zhu, Xiong Peng, Di Huang, Zidong Du, Xing Hu, Qi Guo, Yunji Chen
| Challenge: | Existing approaches to program repair are based on correctness alone. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework that mitigates over-editing and improves repair accuracy by generating buggy programs and re-edits. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework improves repair precision by 31.4% under fix1@1, a metric that considers repair correctness and extent, and significantly increases decoding throughput when combined with speculative editing. |
Efficient Large Scale Language Modeling with Mixtures of Experts (2022.emnlp-main)
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Mikel Artetxe, Shruti Bhosale, Naman Goyal, Todor Mihaylov, Myle Ott, Sam Shleifer, Xi Victoria Lin, Jingfei Du, Srinivasan Iyer, Ramakanth Pasunuru, Giridharan Anantharaman, Xian Li, Shuohui Chen, Halil Akin, Mandeep Baines, Louis Martin, Xing Zhou, Punit Singh Koura, Brian O’Horo, Jeffrey Wang, Luke Zettlemoyer, Mona Diab, Zornitsa Kozareva, Veselin Stoyanov
| Challenge: | Mixture of Experts layers (MoEs) enable efficient scaling of language models . large autoregressive language models such as GPT-3 can be adapted to a wide range of tasks . |
| Approach: | They propose to use Mixture of Experts layers to enable efficient scaling of language models . they find that MoEs are substantially more compute efficient than dense models compared to MoE models - but only when they are more modestly trained . |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms dense models in a wide range of tasks and domains. |
Code Needs Comments: Enhancing Code LLMs with Comment Augmentation (2024.findings-acl)
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Demin Song, Honglin Guo, Yunhua Zhou, Shuhao Xing, Yudong Wang, Zifan Song, Wenwei Zhang, Qipeng Guo, Hang Yan, Xipeng Qiu, Dahua Lin
| Challenge: | Large Language Models (LLMs) require a deep understanding of programming languages and their correlation with natural languages (NLs). |
| Approach: | They propose a data augmentation method that generates comments for existing code and a filtering strategy that filters out code data poorly correlated with natural language. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method outperforms the model trained on the augmented data and the model further trained on data without augmentation on two widely-used programming skill benchmarks. |
Improving Machine Translation with Human Feedback: An Exploration of Quality Estimation as a Reward Model (2024.naacl-long)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods to improve translation quality using human feedback have not been validated. |
| Approach: | They propose to use quality estimation to predict human preferences for feedback training . they propose to detect incorrect translations and assign a penalty term to the reward scores . |
| Outcome: | The proposed method outperforms systems using larger parallel corpora by a small amount of monolingual data. |
FinChain: A Symbolic Benchmark for Verifiable Chain-of-Thought Financial Reasoning (2026.acl-long)
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Zhuohan Xie, Daniil Orel, Rushil Thareja, Dhruv Sahnan, Hachem Madmoun, Fan Zhang, Debopriyo Banerjee, Georgi Nenkov Georgiev, Xueqing Peng, Lingfei Qian, Jimin Huang, Jinyan Su, Aaryamonvikram Singh, Rui Xing, Rania Elbadry, Chen Xu, Haonan Li, Fajri Koto, Ivan Koychev, Tanmoy Chakraborty, Yuxia Wang, Salem Lahlou, Veselin Stoyanov, Sophia Ananiadou, Preslav Nakov
| Challenge: | Existing benchmarks emphasize final numerical answers while neglecting intermediate reasoning steps. |
| Approach: | They propose a symbolic benchmark for verifiable Chain-of-Thought evaluation in finance . FINCHAIN spans 58 topics across 12 financial domains and three difficulty levels . |
| Outcome: | The proposed benchmark aims to bridge symbolic reasoning and factual verification. |
One Model to Learn Both: Zero Pronoun Prediction and Translation (D19-1)
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| Challenge: | Zero pronouns (ZPs) are often omitted in pro-drop languages, but should be recalled in non-pro-drop language. |
| Approach: | They propose a unified and discourse-aware ZP translation approach for neural MT models . they jointly learn to predict and translate ZPs in an end-to-end manner . |
| Outcome: | The proposed method improves translation performance and ZP prediction accuracy over baseline models and external models. |
Show, Describe and Conclude: On Exploiting the Structure Information of Chest X-ray Reports (P19-1)
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| Challenge: | Existing studies do not consider the complex structure information between and within report sections. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework which exploits the structure information between and within report sections for generating CXR imaging reports. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework achieves state-of-the-art performance on two CXR report datasets. |
To Copy Rather Than Memorize: A Vertical Learning Paradigm for Knowledge Graph Completion (2023.acl-long)
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Rui Li, Xu Chen, Chaozhuo Li, Yanming Shen, Jianan Zhao, Yujing Wang, Weihao Han, Hao Sun, Weiwei Deng, Qi Zhang, Xing Xie
| Challenge: | Existing methods for embedding knowledge graphs implicitly memorize relation rules to infer missing links, but they are difficult to memorize due to the inherent deficiencies of such implicit memorization strategy. |
| Approach: | They propose a vertical learning paradigm that allows to explicitly copy target information from related factual triples for more accurate prediction. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model improves generalization ability and makes distant link prediction significantly easier. |
Silencing the Guardrails: Inference-Time Jailbreaking via Dynamic Contextual Representation Ablation (2026.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Existing strategies to circumvent safety constraints face significant trade-offs between effectiveness and efficiency. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework that allows to infer model refusal behaviors without expensive parameter updates or training. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework outperforms baselines in multiple safety-aligned open-source LLMs. |
S2O: Early Stopping for Sparse Attention via Online Permutation (2026.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Existing block-granularity sparsification can reduce latency, but coarse blocks impose an intrinsic sparsity ceiling. |
| Approach: | They propose a method that performs early stopping for sparse attention via online permutation. |
| Outcome: | The proposed approach reduces the complexity of the model and its performance. |
MMAC: A Multilingual, Multimodal Alignment Framework for Cultural Grounding Evaluation (2026.acl-long)
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Weihua Zheng, Zhengyuan Liu, Tanmoy Chakraborty, Weiwen Xu, Xiaoxue Gao, Bryan Chen Zhengyu Tan, Bowei Zou, Chang Liu, Yujia Hu, Xing Xie, Xiaoyuan Yi, Jing Yao, Chaojun Wang, Long Li, Rui Liu, Huiyao Liu, Koji Inoue, Ryuichi Sumida, Tatsuya Kawahara, Fan Xu, Lingyu Ye, Wei Tian, Dongjun Kim, Jimin Jung, Jaehyung Seo, Nadya Yuki Wangsajaya, Pham Minh Duc, Ojasva Saxena, Palash Nandi, Xiyan Tao, Wiwik Karlina, Tuan Luong, Keertana Arun Vasan, Roy Ka-Wei Lee, Nancy F. Chen
| Challenge: | Existing models lack cultural alignment across modalities and languages . a new framework to assess cultural awareness across linguistics and languages is needed . |
| Approach: | They propose a framework that integrates tri-modally aligned cultural benchmarks and a five-dimensional evaluation protocol to assess cross-country awareness disparities. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework assesses cultural awareness disparities across modalities and languages . it is the first dataset aligned at the input level across text, image, and speech . |
MultiFileTest: A Multi-File-Level LLM Unit Test Generation Benchmark and Impact of Error Fixing Mechanisms (2026.findings-acl)
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Yibo Wang, Congying Xia, Wenting Zhao, Jiangshu Du, Chunyu Miao, Zhongfen Deng, Philip S. Yu, Chen Xing
| Challenge: | Existing evaluation benchmarks for LLM unit test generation focus on function-level code rather than on more practical, challenging multi-file codebases. |
| Approach: | They propose a multi-file-level benchmark for unit test generation covering Python, Java, and JavaScript. |
| Outcome: | The proposed benchmarks show that most LLMs exhibit moderate performance on MultiFileTest, highlighting the benchmark’s inherent difficulty. |
STACL: Simultaneous Translation with Implicit Anticipation and Controllable Latency using Prefix-to-Prefix Framework (P19-1)
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Mingbo Ma, Liang Huang, Hao Xiong, Renjie Zheng, Kaibo Liu, Baigong Zheng, Chuanqiang Zhang, Zhongjun He, Hairong Liu, Xing Li, Hua Wu, Haifeng Wang
| Challenge: | Simultaneous translation is notoriously dif- ficult due to word-order differences. |
| Approach: | They propose a prefix-to-prefix framework that implicitly learns to anticipate in a single translation model. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework achieves low latency and reasonable qual- ity on 4 directions. |
TrendSim: Simulating Trending Topics in Social Media Under Poisoning Attacks with LLM-based Multi-agent System (2025.findings-naacl)
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Zeyu Zhang, Jianxun Lian, Chen Ma, Yaning Qu, Ye Luo, Lei Wang, Rui Li, Xu Chen, Yankai Lin, Le Wu, Xing Xie, Ji-Rong Wen
| Challenge: | Trending topics bring in a new channel for poisoning attacks, resulting in negative impacts on society. |
| Approach: | They propose an LLM-based multi-agent system to simulate trending topics in social media . they propose a time-aware interaction mechanism, centralized message dissemination, and an interactive system . |
| Outcome: | The proposed system simulates trending topics under poisoning attacks on social media platforms. |
RAAMove: A Corpus for Analyzing Moves in Research Article Abstracts (2024.lrec-main)
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Hongzheng Li, Ruojin Wang, Ge Shi, Xing Lv, Lei Lei, Chong Feng, Fang Liu, Jinkun Lin, Yangguang Mei, Linnan Xu
| Challenge: | RAAMove is a comprehensive multi-domain corpus dedicated to the annotation of move structures in Research Article (RA) abstracts. |
| Approach: | They propose a multi-domain corpus dedicated to the annotation of move structures in RA abstracts. |
| Outcome: | The proposed corpus is based on a human-annotated dataset and a BERT-based model to verify its effectiveness. |
GLUE-X: Evaluating Natural Language Understanding Models from an Out-of-Distribution Generalization Perspective (2023.findings-acl)
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Linyi Yang, Shuibai Zhang, Libo Qin, Yafu Li, Yidong Wang, Hanmeng Liu, Jindong Wang, Xing Xie, Yue Zhang
| Challenge: | Pre-trained language models (PLMs) have improved generalization performance but the out-of-distribution (OOD) generalization problem remains a challenge in many NLP tasks. |
| Approach: | They propose to create a benchmark for evaluating out-of-distribution (OOD) generalization in NLP models. |
| Outcome: | The proposed benchmarks highlight the importance of OOD robustness and provide insights on how to measure it and improve it. |
RealBench: A Chinese Multi-image Understanding Benchmark Close to Real-world Scenarios (2025.findings-emnlp)
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Fei Zhao, Chengqiang Lu, Yufan Shen, Qimeng Wang, Yicheng Qian, Haoxin Zhang, Yan Gao, null Yiwu, Yao Hu, Zhen Wu, Shangyu Xing, Xinyu Dai
| Challenge: | RealBench is the first Chinese multimodal multi-image dataset . the dataset contains 9393 samples and 69910 images . |
| Approach: | They propose to create a Chinese multimodal multi-image dataset using 21 models . they use closed-source models that support multi-inputs as well as open-source visual and video models a . |
| Outcome: | The first Chinese multimodal multi-image dataset contains 9393 samples and 69910 images. |
STAD: Self-Training with Ambiguous Data for Low-Resource Relation Extraction (2022.coling-1)
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| Challenge: | Existing approaches for low-resource relation extraction use only confident instances and uncertain instances. |
| Approach: | They propose a self-training approach for low-resource relation extraction using auto-annotated instances. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method improves on two widely used datasets with low-resource settings. |
Dynamic Rewarding with Prompt Optimization Enables Tuning-free Self-Alignment of Language Models (2024.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Empirical evaluations on eight recent LLMs reveal that DRPO significantly enhances alignment performance, enabling base models to outperform their SFT/RLHF-tuned counterparts. |
| Approach: | They propose a tuning-free approach to self-alignment called Dynamic Rewarding with Prompt Optimization (DRPO) it leverages a dynamic rewarding mechanism to identify and rectify alignment weaknesses . |
| Outcome: | The proposed approach outperforms existing methods and is highly adaptable to various alignment challenges. |
Stepwise Perplexity-Guided Refinement for Efficient Chain-of-Thought Reasoning in Large Language Models (2025.findings-acl)
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Yingqian Cui, Pengfei He, Jingying Zeng, Hui Liu, Xianfeng Tang, Zhenwei Dai, Yan Han, Chen Luo, Jing Huang, Zhen Li, Suhang Wang, Yue Xing, Jiliang Tang, Qi He
| Challenge: | Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning has improved the performance of large language models (LLMs) however, the detailed reasoning process in CoT often incurs long generation times and high computational costs due to the inclusion of unnecessary steps. |
| Approach: | They propose a method to identify critical reasoning steps using perplexity as a measure of their importance. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method achieves a better balance between reasoning accuracy and efficiency of CoT. |
Knowledge Graph Embedding by Adaptive Limit Scoring Loss Using Dynamic Weighting Strategy (2022.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Existing knowledge graph embedding models use a loss framework to distinguish between correct and incorrect triplets. |
| Approach: | They propose a loss framework that reweights each triplet to highlight the less-optimized triplets. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method performs on several knowledge graph embedding models, including TransE, TransH and ComplEx. |
Tell Me What You Don’t Know: Enhancing Refusal Capabilities of Role-Playing Agents via Representation Space Analysis and Editing (2025.findings-acl)
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Wenhao Liu, Siyu An, Junru Lu, Muling Wu, Tianlong Li, Xiaohua Wang, Changze Lv, Xiaoqing Zheng, Di Yin, Xing Sun, Xuanjing Huang
| Challenge: | Role-playing Agents (RPAs) struggle to recognize and respond to hard queries that conflict with their role-play knowledge. |
| Approach: | They propose a lightweight representation editing approach that conveniently shifts conflicting requests to the rejection region, thereby enhancing the model’s refusal accuracy. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model improves RPAs’ refusal ability of conflicting requests while maintaining their general role-playing capabilities. |
LLM-Adapters: An Adapter Family for Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning of Large Language Models (2023.emnlp-main)
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Zhiqiang Hu, Lei Wang, Yihuai Lan, Wanyu Xu, Ee-Peng Lim, Lidong Bing, Xing Xu, Soujanya Poria, Roy Lee
| Challenge: | Large language models (LLMs) have shown unprecedented performance across various tasks. |
| Approach: | They propose an easy-to-use framework that integrates adapters into LLMs . they evaluate adapters on 14 datasets from two different reasoning tasks . |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework can be used to fine-tune open-access language models with task-specific data and instruction data. |
ProLongVid: A Simple but Strong Baseline for Long-context Video Instruction Tuning (2025.emnlp-main)
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Rui Wang, Bohao Li, Xiyang Dai, Jianwei Yang, Yi-Ling Chen, Zhen Xing, Yifan Yang, Dongdong Chen, Xipeng Qiu, Zuxuan Wu, Yu-Gang Jiang
| Challenge: | Existing approaches to adapt image-focused models for video understanding have not been successful in analyzing long video sequences. |
| Approach: | They propose a video instruction dataset that outperforms existing video instruction data for fine-tuning MLLMs by incrementally increasing input context length. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms existing models on video benchmarks and outperformed proprietary models on VideoMME even with a compact 7B model. |
Revisiting Entropy Regularization: Adaptive Coefficient Unlocks Its Potential for LLM Reinforcement Learning (2026.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Reasoning ability is a defining capability of Large Language Models (LLMs), but RLVR training suffers from policy entropy collapse, hindering exploration and limiting reasoning performance. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework that dynamically balances exploration and exploitation via three components: difficulty-aware coefficient allocation, initial-anchored target entropy, and dynamic global coefficient adjustment. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework outperforms baselines on multiple mathematical reasoning benchmarks. |
Loki: An Open-Source Tool for Fact Verification (2025.coling-demos)
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Haonan Li, Xudong Han, Hao Wang, Yuxia Wang, Minghan Wang, Rui Xing, Yilin Geng, Zenan Zhai, Preslav Nakov, Timothy Baldwin
| Challenge: | Loki is an open-source fact-checking tool designed to address the growing problem of misinformation. |
| Approach: | They propose a tool that breaks down the fact-checking task into five steps . they propose LOKI, which offers a semiautomated, human-in-the-loop approach . |
| Outcome: | a new open-source tool is designed to address the growing problem of misinformation . the tool breaks down the fact-checking task into five steps to assist human judgment . |
Exploring Memorization in Fine-tuned Language Models (2024.acl-long)
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Shenglai Zeng, Yaxin Li, Jie Ren, Yiding Liu, Han Xu, Pengfei He, Yue Xing, Shuaiqiang Wang, Jiliang Tang, Dawei Yin
| Challenge: | Existing studies have shown that pre-trained langauge models tend to memorize and regenerate segments of their pre-training corpus when prompted appropriately. |
| Approach: | They conduct the first comprehensive analysis to explore language models’ memorization during fine-tuning across tasks. |
| Outcome: | The proposed analysis shows that memorization presents a strong disparity among different fine-tuning tasks. |
From Observation to Understanding: Front-Door Adjustments with Uncertainty Calibration for Enhancing Egocentric Reasoning in LVLMs (2025.findings-acl)
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Shenshen Li, Wenxin Meng, Lei Wang, Hao Yang, Chong Peng, Peng Yan, Fumin Shen, Jingkuan Song, Heng Tao Shen, Xing Xu
| Challenge: | Existing methods that adapt LVLMs to egocentric tasks overlook critical agent-environment interactions, limiting their ability to perform egoic reasoning. |
| Approach: | They propose a zero-shot paradigm to enhance egocentric reasoning by simulating human causal reasoning by formalizing ego-centric reasoning using a structural causal model. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method improves egocentric reasoning abilities on six tasks. |
Contextual Rephrase Detection for Reducing Friction in Dialogue Systems (2021.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Large-scale conversational AI based dialogue systems like Alexa, Siri, and Google Assistant, are getting more and more prevalent in real-world applications to help users across the globe. |
| Approach: | They propose a contextual rephrase detection model ContReph to automatically identify rephrasings from multi-turn dialogues using contextual information and user-agent interaction signals. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms the pairwise rephrase detection models by leveraging the context and user-agent interaction signals. |
From Coarse to Fine: A Multi-Granularity Multimodal Framework for Teacher Sentiment Analysis (2026.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Existing approaches to teacher sentiment analysis treat it as a static label . current approaches fail to capture structured heterogeneity of classroom expressions . |
| Approach: | They propose a coarse-to-fine multimodal framework that decomposes teacher sentiment into three granularities and employ CLS-guided cross-modal attention to recover effective signals from regulated displays. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework outperforms state-of-the-art models on T-MED and CMU-MOSEI. |
Breaking the Evaluation Paradox: Evaluating High-Entropy Search with Computationally Irreducible Constraints (2026.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | a new framework for evaluation of exhaustive search capabilities is needed . high-entropy enumeration tasks make such ground truth impossible for humans to create . VERITAS is a framework built on the principle of computationally irreducible constraints . |
| Approach: | They propose a framework that uses non-optimizable constraints to create verifiable searches . VERITAS can generate infinite number of test cases with perfect ground truth and precise difficulty control . |
| Outcome: | a new evaluation framework for large language models is based on non-optimizable constraints . the framework can generate infinite number of test cases with perfect ground truth and precise difficulty control . |
The Good and The Bad: Exploring Privacy Issues in Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) (2024.findings-acl)
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Shenglai Zeng, Jiankun Zhang, Pengfei He, Yiding Liu, Yue Xing, Han Xu, Jie Ren, Yi Chang, Shuaiqiang Wang, Dawei Yin, Jiliang Tang
| Challenge: | Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is a powerful technique to facilitate language model generation with proprietary and private data, where data privacy is . a privacy issue that is currently under-explored, is posed by RAG. |
| Approach: | They propose to use retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) to facilitate language model generation with proprietary and private data where data privacy is a pivotal concern. |
| Outcome: | The proposed attack methods demonstrate that RAG can mitigate the old risks, i.e., leakage of the LLMs’ training data. |
MultiPL-MoE: Multi-Programming-Lingual Extension of Large Language Models through Hybrid Mixture-of-Experts (2025.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | MultiPL is a special case of multiple natural languages and requires limited computational resources to generate multilingual code. |
| Approach: | They propose to extend LLMs by combining two paired experts to optimize expert selection at token and segment levels. |
| Outcome: | The proposed extension improves the performance of the base LLMs while retaining the most popular ones using limited computational resources. |
Exploring Sequence-to-Sequence Learning in Aspect Term Extraction (P19-1)
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| Challenge: | Aspect term extraction (ATE) aims at identifying all aspect terms in a sentence . sequence labeling based methods cannot make full use of overall meaning of sentence if they have dependencies between labels. |
| Approach: | They propose to formalize ATE as a sequence-to-sequence (Seq2Seque) learning task . they propose gated unit networks and position-aware attention mechanism to make it suit to ATE . |
| Outcome: | The proposed learning task is effective when labels correspond to words one by one . the proposed learning system is gated unit networks and position-aware attention mechanism . |
Value Compass Benchmarks: A Comprehensive, Generative and Self-Evolving Platform for LLMs’ Value Evaluation (2025.acl-demo)
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Jing Yao, Xiaoyuan Yi, Shitong Duan, Jindong Wang, Yuzhuo Bai, Muhua Huang, Yang Ou, Scarlett Li, Peng Zhang, Tun Lu, Zhicheng Dou, Maosong Sun, James Evans, Xing Xie
| Challenge: | Current evaluation methods for large language models face two key challenges: 1. evaluation validity and 2. Result interpretation reduce the pluralistic and incommensurable values to one-dimensional scores. |
| Approach: | They propose a platform for comprehensive value diagnosis of large language models (LLMs) that provides a generative evaluation paradigm that automatically creates real-world test items co-evolving with ever-advancing LLMs. |
| Outcome: | The proposed platform provides a framework for comprehensive value diagnosis of large language models (LLMs) with fine-grained scores and case studies across 27 value dimensions for 33 leading LLMs, customized comparisons, and visualized analysis of LLM’s alignment with cultural values. |
Is Human-Like Text Liked by Humans? Multilingual Human Detection and Preference Against AI (2026.acl-long)
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Yuxia Wang, Rui Xing, Jonibek Mansurov, Giovanni Puccetti, Zhuohan Xie, Minh Ngoc Ta, Jiahui Geng, Jinyan Su, Mervat Abassy, Saadeldine Eletter, Kareem Elozeiri, Nurkhan Laiyk, Maiya Goloburda, Tarek Mahmoud, Raj Vardhan Tomar, Alexander Aziz, Ryuto Koike, Masahiro Kaneko, Artem Shelmanov, Ekaterina Artemova, Vladislav Mikhailov, Akim Tsvigun, Alham Fikri Aji, Nizar Habash, Iryna Gurevych, Preslav Nakov
| Challenge: | Prior studies have shown that distinguishing text generated by Large Language Models from human-written text is challenging for humans and often no better than random guessing. |
| Approach: | They conduct extensive case study to determine the upper bound of human detection accuracy. |
| Outcome: | The findings challenge previous conclusions on human detection accuracy across languages and domains. |
LLM-DetectAIve: a Tool for Fine-Grained Machine-Generated Text Detection (2024.emnlp-demo)
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Mervat Abassy, Kareem Elozeiri, Alexander Aziz, Minh Ta, Raj Tomar, Bimarsha Adhikari, Saad Ahmed, Yuxia Wang, Osama Mohammed Afzal, Zhuohan Xie, Jonibek Mansurov, Ekaterina Artemova, Vladislav Mikhailov, Rui Xing, Jiahui Geng, Hasan Iqbal, Zain Mujahid, Tarek Mahmoud, Akim Tsvigun, Alham Aji, Artem Shelmanov, Nizar Habash, Iryna Gurevych, Preslav Nakov
| Challenge: | a large number of machine-generated texts are often hard to distinguish between human-written and machine-generated text . this raises concerns about potential misuse, especially within educational and academic domains . |
| Approach: | They propose a system that can detect whether a text is human-written or machine-generated . they use a fine-grained classification schema to identify the use of machine-generated text . |
| Outcome: | The proposed system can distinguish between human-written and machine-generated text . it can detect attempts to obfuscate the fact that a text was machine- generated . |
Position-Aware Depth Decay Decoding (D3): Boosting Large Language Model Inference Efficiency (2025.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Recent dynamic computation methods show that not all components are required for inference, enabling a training-free pipeline. |
| Approach: | They propose a token-position aware layer skipping framework to save 1.5x times operations efficiently while maintaining performance. |
| Outcome: | The proposed algorithm achieves 1.5x speedup on large language models with no retraining and with comparable performance on the GSM8K and BBH benchmarks. |
DuNST: Dual Noisy Self Training for Semi-Supervised Controllable Text Generation (2023.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Existing approaches to augment self-training (ST) in attribute-controllable language generation are limited and limited. |
| Approach: | They propose a new ST framework that integrates self-generated pseudo text into attribute-controllable language generation. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework can be applied to semi-supervised controllable language generation. |
A General Framework to Enhance Fine-tuning-based LLM Unlearning (2025.findings-acl)
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Jie Ren, Zhenwei Dai, Xianfeng Tang, Hui Liu, Jingying Zeng, Zhen Li, Rahul Goutam, Suhang Wang, Yue Xing, Qi He, Hui Liu
| Challenge: | Existing approaches to remove copyrighted and privacy-sensitive data from Large Language Models (LLMs) have been proposed to remove specific data from LLMs without requiring full retraining. |
| Approach: | They propose a general framework that enhances the utility of fine-tuning-based methods by distinguishing target data and suppressing related generations. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework improves the unlearning and utility of fine-tuning-based methods by distinguishing the target data and suppressing related generations. |
HEAL: A Hypothesis-Based Preference-Aware Analysis Framework (2025.findings-emnlp)
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Yifu Huo, Chenglong Wang, Qiren Zhu, Shunjie Xing, Tong Xiao, Chunliang Zhang, Tongran Liu, JingBo Zhu
| Challenge: | Preference optimization methods like DPO are often evaluated on a single response, overlooking other outputs. |
| Approach: | They propose a Hypothesis-based PrEference-aware AnaLysis Framework that formulates preference alignment as a re-ranking process within hypothesis spaces. |
| Outcome: | The proposed evaluation paradigm re-ranks preference alignment as a reranking process within hypothesis spaces. |
Value FULCRA: Mapping Large Language Models to the Multidimensional Spectrum of Basic Human Value (2024.naacl-long)
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| Challenge: | Existing work specifies values as risk criteria formulated in the AI community, e.g., fairness and privacy protection, suffering from poor clarity, adaptability and transparency. |
| Approach: | They propose a value alignment paradigm based on Schwartz's Theory of Basic Values as an instantiation and propose 'BaseAlign' to support this paradigm. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model covers existing risks and anticipates unidentified ones with a low-data set. |
DRAGON: Domain-specific Robust Automatic Data Generation for RAG Optimization (2026.findings-eacl)
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Haiyang Shen, Hang Yan, Zhongshi Xing, Mugeng Liu, Yue Li, Zhiyang Chen, Yuxiang Wang, Jiuzheng Wang, Yun Ma
| Challenge: | Existing retrieval-augmented generation paradigms rely heavily on public knowledge . Existing RAGs reliant on public information and often falter when faced with domain-specific queries. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework that combines a data-construction modeling approach with a scalable synthetic data-generation pipeline to optimize domain-specific retrieval performance. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework optimizes domain-specific retrieval performance and bolsters retriever robustness. |
Data Rejuvenation: Exploiting Inactive Training Examples for Neural Machine Translation (2020.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Large-scale training datasets make training neural machine translation models difficult. |
| Approach: | They propose to identify inactive training examples which contribute less to the model performance and introduce data rejuvenation to improve NMT models' training. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework stabilizes and accelerates the training process of NMT models, resulting in models with better generalization capability. |
ToViLaG: Your Visual-Language Generative Model is Also An Evildoer (2023.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Recent large-scale Visual-Language Generative Models (VLGMs) generate toxic content, e.g., offensive text and pornography images, raising significant ethical risks. |
| Approach: | They propose a bottleneck-based detoxification method to reduce toxicity while maintaining comparable generation quality. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method could reduce toxicity while maintaining comparable generation quality. |
ALPS: Attention Localization and Pruning Strategy for Efficient Adaptation of Large Language Models (2025.findings-acl)
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Hao Chen, Haoze Li, Zhiqing Xiao, Lirong Gao, Qi Zhang, Xiaomeng Hu, Ningtao Wang, Xing Fu, Junbo Zhao
| Challenge: | Prior research has focused on optimizing general-purpose large language models to downstream tasks . however, these approaches inherently introduce data dependency, which hinders generalization and reusability. |
| Approach: | They propose an algorithm that localizes the most task-sensitive attention heads and prunes by restricting attention training updates to these heads, thereby reducing alignment costs. |
| Outcome: | The proposed algorithm achieves 2% performance improvement over baselines on three tasks while localizing the most task-sensitive attention heads. |
PersonaTrace: Synthesizing Realistic Digital Footprints with LLM Agents (2026.eacl-industry)
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Minjia Wang, Yunfeng Wang, Xiao Ma, Dexin Lv, Qifan Guo, Lynn Zheng, Benliang Wang, Lei Wang, Jiannan Li, Yongwei Xing, Junzhe Xu, Zheng Sun
| Challenge: | Publicly available corpora cover only slivers of human activity, such as email threads, chat logs, purchase histories, sensor traces, and provide large-scale supervision for data-hungry machine-learning pipelines. |
| Approach: | They propose a method for synthesizing realistic digital footprints using large language model agents from a structured user profile. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method generates diverse sequences of user events, producing corresponding digital artifacts such as emails, messages, calendar entries, reminders, etc. |
SedarEval: Automated Evaluation using Self-Adaptive Rubrics (2024.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | Existing evaluation paradigms rely on generic scoring rubrics that fail to consider the specificities of each question and its problem-solving process. |
| Approach: | They propose a new evaluation paradigm based on self-adaptive rubrics that mimic a human evaluator's analytical process. |
| Outcome: | The proposed evaluation paradigm achieves higher concordance rate with human graders than existing paradigms, including GPT-4. |
Fine-grained Interest Matching for Neural News Recommendation (2020.acl-main)
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| Challenge: | Existing studies represent each user as a single vector and then match the candidate news vector, which may lose fine-grained information for recommendation. |
| Approach: | They propose a Fine-grained interest matching method for neural news recommendation based on multi-level representations and fine-grain matching between segment pairs of each browsed news and the candidate news at each semantic level. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model can capture more fine-grained interest matching signals by performing interactions between each pair of news at multi-level semantic granularities. |
Bridging the Data Gap between Training and Inference for Unsupervised Neural Machine Translation (2022.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Experimental results show that backtranslation improves UNMT performance by reducing the data gap between training and inference. |
| Approach: | They propose an online method to remedy the source discrepancy between training and inference . they use pseudo parallel data with translated source and translated target to mimic inference scenario . |
| Outcome: | The proposed method outperforms baselines on several widely-used language pairs by remedying the style and content gaps. |
Improving the Robustness of Large Language Models via Consistency Alignment (2024.lrec-main)
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Yukun Zhao, Lingyong Yan, Weiwei Sun, Guoliang Xing, Shuaiqiang Wang, Chong Meng, Zhicong Cheng, Zhaochun Ren, Dawei Yin
| Challenge: | Large language models have shown tremendous success in following user instructions and generating helpful responses, but their robustness is still far from optimal. |
| Approach: | They propose a two-stage training framework that helps a model generalize on following instructions via similar instruction augmentations. |
| Outcome: | The proposed training framework improves diversity and aligns the model with human expectations by differentiating subtle differences in similar responses. |
Token Level Routing Inference System for Edge Devices (2025.acl-demo)
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| Challenge: | Large language models (LLMs) have been gaining in performance but deployment in edge devices faces significant hurdles due to their high computational complexity. |
| Approach: | They propose a collaborative decoding system that allows small models to perform on-device inference while selectively consulting a cloud-based large model for critical token generation. |
| Outcome: | The proposed system achieves 60% performance gain on CommonsenseQA using a 0.5B model on an M1 MacBook, with under 7% of tokens generation uploaded to the large model in the cloud. |
Information Aggregation for Multi-Head Attention with Routing-by-Agreement (N19-1)
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| Challenge: | Existing studies focus on extracting informative or distinct partial-representations from different subspaces, while few studies have paid attention to the aggregation of the extracted partial-Representations. |
| Approach: | They propose to use a routing-by-agreement algorithm to improve multi-head attention by iteratively updating the proportion of how much a part should be assigned to a whole based on agreement between parts and wholes. |
| Outcome: | The proposed algorithm improves the information aggregation for multi-head attention over the standard linear transformation on linguistic probing and machine translation tasks. |
Human Guided Exploitation of Interpretable Attention Patterns in Summarization and Topic Segmentation (2022.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Existing studies have investigated the multi-head self-attention mechanism of transformers. |
| Approach: | They propose to use a human-in-the-loop pipeline to discover task-specific attention patterns and inject them into transformer models to improve their accuracy. |
| Outcome: | The proposed methods improve the performance of transformer models by incorporating predefined patterns into their attention matrices. |
Revisiting Pre-trained Language Models and their Evaluation for Arabic Natural Language Processing (2022.emnlp-main)
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Abbas Ghaddar, Yimeng Wu, Sunyam Bagga, Ahmad Rashid, Khalil Bibi, Mehdi Rezagholizadeh, Chao Xing, Yasheng Wang, Xinyu Duan, Zhefeng Wang, Baoxing Huai, Xin Jiang, Qun Liu, Phillippe Langlais
| Challenge: | Existing pre-trained language models are not well-explored and are not reproducible in the literature. |
| Approach: | They propose to improve existing Arabic language pre-trained language models using a more methodical approach. |
| Outcome: | The proposed models outperform existing models on ALUE, a leaderboard-powered benchmark for Arabic NLU and NLG tasks. |
FIRE: Fact-checking with Iterative Retrieval and Verification (2025.findings-naacl)
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Zhuohan Xie, Rui Xing, Yuxia Wang, Jiahui Geng, Hasan Iqbal, Dhruv Sahnan, Iryna Gurevych, Preslav Nakov
| Challenge: | Fact-checking long-form text is challenging, and breaking it down into multiple atomic claims is not cost-effective. |
| Approach: | They propose a novel agent-based framework that integrates evidence retrieval and claim verification in an iterative manner. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework reduces large language model (LLM) costs by an average of 7.6 times and search costs by 16.5 times while retaining the same performance. |
Scaling Back-Translation with Domain Text Generation for Sign Language Gloss Translation (2023.eacl-main)
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| Challenge: | Sign language gloss translation aims to translate the sign glosses into spoken language texts, which is challenging due to the scarcity of labeled gloss-text parallel data. |
| Approach: | They propose a back translation technique that generates pseudo-parallel data by translating in-domain spoken language texts into sign glosses. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method outperforms the BT methods on three benchmarks of sign language gloss translation in different languages. |
RecMind: Large Language Model Powered Agent For Recommendation (2024.findings-naacl)
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Yancheng Wang, Ziyan Jiang, Zheng Chen, Fan Yang, Yingxue Zhou, Eunah Cho, Xing Fan, Yanbin Lu, Xiaojiang Huang, Yingzhen Yang
| Challenge: | Existing recommendations systems are limited in generalizing to new tasks due to model scale and data size constraints. |
| Approach: | They propose an LLM-powered autonomous recommender agent, RecMind, which is capable of leveraging external knowledge to provide zero-shot personalized recommendations. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms existing zero/few-shot LLM-based recommendation baseline methods in various tasks and achieves comparable performance to a fully trained recommendation model P5. |
Cross-modality Data Augmentation for End-to-End Sign Language Translation (2023.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | End-to-end sign language translation (SLT) aims to convert sign language videos into spoken language texts without intermediate representations. |
| Approach: | They propose a cross-modality data-augmented framework to transfer gloss-to-text translation capabilities to end-to end sign language translation. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework outperforms baseline models on two widely used SLT datasets. |
A2ATS: Retrieval-Based KV Cache Reduction via Windowed Rotary Position Embedding and Query-Aware Vector Quantization (2025.findings-acl)
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Junhui He, Junna Xing, Nan Wang, Rui Xu, Shangyu Wu, Peng Zhou, Qiang Liu, Chun Jason Xue, Qingan Li
| Challenge: | Long context large language models (LLMs) pose significant challenges for efficient serving due to the large memory footprint and high access overhead of KV cache. |
| Approach: | They propose a retrieval-based method to reduce the memory footprint of LLMs . they propose Windowed Rotary Position Embedding and query-aware vector quantization . |
| Outcome: | The proposed method can achieve lower performance degradation with lower overhead compared to existing methods . it can reduce the memory footprint and access overhead of long context large language models . |
ESimCSE: Enhanced Sample Building Method for Contrastive Learning of Unsupervised Sentence Embedding (2022.coling-1)
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| Challenge: | a new method for learning unsupervised sentence embeddings is proposed . unsup-SimCSE is biased because of the length information encoded into the sentence embeds . |
| Approach: | They propose a new unsupervised sentence embedding method that uses dropout to obtain positive pairs from a pre-trained Transformer encoder. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art unsup-SimCSE on a STS task. |
RolePlot: A Systematic Framework for Evaluating and Enhancing the Plot-Progression Capabilities of Role-Playing Agents (2025.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Existing research has focused on role-playing agents’ ability to portray specified characters, but their ability to advance the plot requires substantial improvements to deliver more engaging interaction. |
| Approach: | They propose a role-playing framework to evaluate and enhance the plot-progression capabilities of role-players. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework improves RPAs’ ability to time plot developments and yields a significant increase in conversation turns and sustained higher arousal levels. |
Towards Understanding Neural Machine Translation with Word Importance (D19-1)
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| Challenge: | Neural machine translation (NMT) has advanced the state-of-the-art on various language pairs, but the interpretability of NMT remains unsatisfactory. |
| Approach: | They propose to attribute NMT output to every input word using a gradient-based method to measure word importance. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method is superior on identifying input words with higher influence on translation performance. |
NeuralClassifier: An Open-source Neural Hierarchical Multi-label Text Classification Toolkit (P19-3)
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| Challenge: | NeuralClassifier is a toolkit for hierarchical multi-label text classification. |
| Approach: | They propose a toolkit for neural hierarchical multi-label text classification . they use a variety of text encoders to implement the model . |
| Outcome: | The proposed model achieves comparable performance with reported results in the literature. |
RLPrompt: Optimizing Discrete Text Prompts with Reinforcement Learning (2022.emnlp-main)
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Mingkai Deng, Jianyu Wang, Cheng-Ping Hsieh, Yihan Wang, Han Guo, Tianmin Shu, Meng Song, Eric Xing, Zhiting Hu
| Challenge: | Existing methods for finding the optimal prompt for a task are difficult to optimize. |
| Approach: | They propose an efficient discrete prompt optimization approach with reinforcement learning that generates the optimal discrete stimulus after training with reward. |
| Outcome: | The proposed approach is based on a parameter-efficient policy network that generates the optimal discrete prompt after training with reward. |
Sequential-NIAH: A Needle-In-A-Haystack Benchmark for Extracting Sequential Needles from Long Contexts (2025.emnlp-main)
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Yifei Yu, Qian-Wen Zhang, Lingfeng Qiao, Di Yin, Fang Li, Jie Wang, Chen Zeng Xi, Suncong Zheng, Xiaolong Liang, Xing Sun
| Challenge: | Recent models have extended Corresponding Author. context lengths to millions of tokens while maintaining reasoning and comprehension capabilities. |
| Approach: | They propose a benchmark to evaluate the ability of large language models to extract sequential information items from long contexts. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model achieves maximum accuracy of 63.50% on six well-known LLMs. |
Exploiting Sentential Context for Neural Machine Translation (P19-1)
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| Challenge: | Existing approaches to exploit sentential context for machine translation are not well studied. |
| Approach: | They propose a shallow sentential context that exploits top encoder layer, and a deep sentential one that aggregates sentential representations from all internal layers. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms the strong Transformer model on the English-German and English-French benchmarks. |
Knowing What LLMs DO NOT Know: A Simple Yet Effective Self-Detection Method (2024.naacl-long)
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Yukun Zhao, Lingyong Yan, Weiwei Sun, Guoliang Xing, Chong Meng, Shuaiqiang Wang, Zhicong Cheng, Zhaochun Ren, Dawei Yin
| Challenge: | Recent literature reveals that Large Language Models (LLMs) hallucinate intermittently, which impedes their reliability for further utilization. |
| Approach: | They propose a self-detection method to detect which questions an LLM does not know by combining the two components to identify whether the model generates a non-factual response to the question. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method can detect which questions an LLM does not know across factoid question-answering, arithmetic reasoning, and commonsense reasoning tasks. |
Look Beyond Feeling: Unveiling Latent Needs from Implicit Expressions for Proactive Emotional Support (2025.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Large language models (LLMs) are gaining popularity as scalable tools for mental health support . however, nearly half of individuals do not receive timely support due to limited selfawareness or reluctance to seek help. |
| Approach: | They propose a proactive emotional support framework that leverages principles of active listening to uncover implicit user needs. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model elicits implicit emotional needs and delivers empathetic support compared to baselines . |
Linking Adaptive Structure Induction and Neuron Filtering: A Spectral Perspective for Aspect-based Sentiment Analysis (2024.lrec-main)
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| Challenge: | incorporating structure information can improve the performance of aspect-based sentiment analysis. |
| Approach: | They propose a method to conduct neuron-level manipulations on word representations in the frequency domain. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method can achieve or come close to state-of-the-art in ABSA. |
Influence-based Online Experience Selection for Effective RLHF (2026.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods for RL fail to establish an interpretable connection between data and optimization objectives. |
| Approach: | They propose a data selection method that dynamically estimates the influence of individual training samples on policy optimization. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method significantly improves training effectiveness with fewer optimization steps. |
Analyzing and Internalizing Complex Policy Documents for LLM Agents (2026.acl-long)
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Jiateng Liu, Zhenhailong Wang, Xiaojiang Huang, Yingjie Li, Xiang Li, Chenlei Guo, Xing Fan, Ruhi Sarikaya, Heng Ji
| Challenge: | Large language model agents rely on in-context policy documents to act as effective user assistants. |
| Approach: | They propose an agentic benchmark generator with Controllable Complexity in agent policy across four levels to evaluate agents under increasing complexity. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method outperforms the baseline in data-sparse and high-complexity settings. |
Learning Hierarchy-Aware Quaternion Knowledge Graph Embeddings with Representing Relations as 3D Rotations (2022.coling-1)
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| Challenge: | Existing knowledge graph embedding models fail to model semantic hierarchies . Existing methods fail to understand the semantic hierarchies of knowledge graphs . |
| Approach: | They propose a model which embeds entities as pure quaternions and constrains the modulus of entities to make them have hierarchical distributions. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model can encode symmetry/antisymmetry, inversion, composition, multiple relation patterns and learn semantic hierarchies simultaneously. |
MMLU-ProX: A Multilingual Benchmark for Advanced Large Language Model Evaluation (2025.emnlp-main)
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Weihao Xuan, Rui Yang, Heli Qi, Qingcheng Zeng, Yunze Xiao, Aosong Feng, Dairui Liu, Yun Xing, Junjue Wang, Fan Gao, Jinghui Lu, Yuang Jiang, Huitao Li, Xin Li, Kunyu Yu, Ruihai Dong, Shangding Gu, Yuekang Li, Xiaofei Xie, Felix Juefei-Xu, Foutse Khomh, Osamu Yoshie, Qingyu Chen, Douglas Teodoro, Nan Liu, Randy Goebel, Lei Ma, Edison Marrese-Taylor, Shijian Lu, Yusuke Iwasawa, Yutaka Matsuo, Irene Li
| Challenge: | Existing large language model evaluation benchmarks focus on English, while current multilingual tasks lack parallel questions that specifically assess cross-lingual reasoning abilities. |
| Approach: | They propose a comprehensive benchmark covering 29 languages, built on an English benchmark. |
| Outcome: | The MMLU-ProX is a comprehensive benchmark covering 29 languages, built on an English benchmark. |
RaP: Redundancy-aware Video-language Pre-training for Text-Video Retrieval (2022.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | sparse sampling of videos suffers from inter-modal redundancy and visual redundancies . et al., 2021) proposes to sparsestly sample frames from videos to alleviate temporal redundance . |
| Approach: | They propose to use sparse sampling to alleviate temporal redundancy in videos . they propose to penalize high-redundant video patches and text tokens . |
| Outcome: | The proposed method improves on four benchmark datasets. |
SPS: Steering Probability Squeezing for Better Exploration in Reinforcement Learning for Large Language Models (2026.findings-acl)
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Yifu Huo, Chenglong Wang, Ziming Zhu, Shunjie Xing, Peinan Feng, Tongran Liu, Qiaozhi He, Tian Hua Zhou, null Changxiaojia, JingBo Zhu, Zhengtao Yu, Tong Xiao
| Challenge: | Reinforcement learning (RL) training typically improves single-sample success rates but limited exploration of diverse reasoning trajectories. |
| Approach: | They propose a training paradigm that interleaves conventional RL with inverse reinforcement learning (IRL) they propose 'Steering Probability Squeezing' to enhance exploration without external supervision . |
| Outcome: | The proposed training paradigm improves Pass@k and improves exploration of diverse reasoning trajectories without external supervision. |
Generating Multiple-Length Summaries via Reinforcement Learning for Unsupervised Sentence Summarization (2022.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | Existing models to summarize texts without ground-truth summaries are extractive, which remove words from texts and thus are less flexible than abstractive models. |
| Approach: | They propose an unsupervised model that extracts words from texts and makes them mutually enhance each other. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms both abstractive and extractive models, while generating new words not contained in input texts. |
Unveiling Privacy Risks in LLM Agent Memory (2025.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Large Language Model (LLM) agents store private user-agent interactions in memory for demonstrations, introducing new privacy risks for LLM agents. |
| Approach: | They propose an attack that extracts private information from memory under a black-box setting and propose a method that can be used to attack the agent. |
| Outcome: | The proposed attack is effective under a black-box setting and it is demonstrated on two representative agents. |
AIGT: AI Generative Table Based on Prompt (2025.coling-main)
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| Challenge: | Tabular data is an essential resource for many fields, but current methods do not fully utilize the rich information available in tables. |
| Approach: | They propose a method that utilizes metadata information to generate tabular data . they propose long-token partitioning algorithms that enable AIGT to model tables of any scale . |
| Outcome: | The proposed approach achieves state-of-the-art on 14 out of 20 public datasets and two real industry datasets within the Alipay risk control system. |
Data-to-Text Generation with Style Imitation (2020.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | Recent approaches to data-to-text generation focus on improving content fidelity, but lack explicit control over writing styles. |
| Approach: | They propose a way to control writing styles by using existing sentences as "soft" templates . they conduct experiments in restaurants and sports domains to test their approach . |
| Outcome: | The proposed approach achieves stronger performance than a range of comparison methods. |
TSPO: Breaking the Double Homogenization Dilemma in Multi-turn Search Policy Optimization (2026.findings-acl)
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Shichao Ma, Zhiyuan Ma, Ming Yang, Xiaofan Li, Xing Wu, Jintao Du, Yu Cheng, Weiqiang Wang, Qiliang Liu, Zhengyang Zhou, Yang Wang
| Challenge: | Large Language Models (LLMs) can solve complex tasks through iterative information retrieval. |
| Approach: | They propose a turn-level stage-aware policy optimization approach to solve this problem . they introduce a first-occurrence latent reward mechanism to allocate partial rewards . |
| Outcome: | Experiments show that TSPO outperforms state-of-the-art models on Qwen2.5-3B and 7B models. |
PENS: A Dataset and Generic Framework for Personalized News Headline Generation (2021.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Using a dataset of Microsoft News, we propose a generic framework to personalize a text generator and establish personalized headlines. |
| Approach: | They propose a generic framework to personalize a news headline generator and establish personalized headlines by leveraging user behavioral data. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework is based on user preference data and user preference injections to personalize a text generator and establish personalized headlines. |
Unsupervised Sign Language Translation and Generation (2024.findings-acl)
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Zhengsheng Guo, Zhiwei He, Wenxiang Jiao, Xing Wang, Rui Wang, Kehai Chen, Zhaopeng Tu, Yong Xu, Min Zhang
| Challenge: | Experimental results on the BBC-Oxford Sign Language dataset reveal that USLNet achieves competitive results compared to supervised baseline models. |
| Approach: | They propose an unsupervised sign language translation and generation network that learns from abundant single-modality data without parallel sign language data. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model achieves competitive results compared to baseline models on the BBC-Oxford Sign Language dataset and Open-Domain American Sign Language data. |
Can Watermarks Survive Translation? On the Cross-lingual Consistency of Text Watermark for Large Language Models (2024.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Existing text watermarking technologies lack consistency when texts are translated into different languages. |
| Approach: | They propose a cross-lingual watermark removal attack to bypass watermarking by first obtaining a response from an LLM in a pivot language and then translating it into the target language. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method can remove watermarks without performance loss by obtaining a response from an LLM in a pivot language and then translating it into the target language. |
RedCoast: A Lightweight Tool to Automate Distributed Training of LLMs on Any GPU/TPUs (2024.naacl-demo)
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| Challenge: | Recent advances in machine learning (ML) are attributed to large language models (LLMs), but their escalating memory requirements require developers to partition a large model to distribute it across multiple GPUs or TPUs. |
| Approach: | They propose a lightweight and user-friendly tool to automate distributed training and inference for LLMs and to simplify ML pipeline development. |
| Outcome: | The proposed tool automates distributed training and inference for LLMs, and simplifies ML pipeline development. |
Exploiting Deep Representations for Neural Machine Translation (D18-1)
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| Challenge: | Neural machine translation models typically implement encoder and decoder as multiple layers, but only the top layers are leveraged in the subsequent process, which misses the opportunity to exploit useful information embedded in other layers. |
| Approach: | They propose to expose all of these signals with layer aggregation and multi-layer attention mechanisms and introduce an auxiliary regularization term to encourage different layers to capture diverse information. |
| Outcome: | The proposed approach exposes all of these signals with layer aggregation and multi-layer attention mechanisms on widely-used translation datasets. |
Self-Training Sampling with Monolingual Data Uncertainty for Neural Machine Translation (2021.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Experimental results show that enhancing the learning on uncertain monolingual sentences improves the translation quality of high-uncertainty sentences and also benefits the prediction of low-frequency words at the target side. |
| Approach: | They propose to use monolingual data to augment model training with synthetic parallel data by selecting the most informative monolingual sentences to complement the parallel data. |
| Outcome: | The proposed approach improves the performance of natural language models by selecting the most informative monolingual sentences. |
Psychological Counseling Cannot Be Achieved Overnight: Automated Psychological Counseling Through Multi-Session Conversations (2026.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Existing studies on single-session counseling are limited to a single-session setting. |
| Approach: | They propose to use a large language model to deliver automated psychological counseling to a dataset constructed using real client profiles from publicly available psychological case reports. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model performs better than baseline models across multiple sessions. |
Understanding and Improving Sequence-to-Sequence Pretraining for Neural Machine Translation (2022.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Existing studies on self-supervised pretraining for machine translation have focused on the jointly pretrained decoder . |
| Approach: | They propose a method to improve neural machine translation by jointly pretrained decoder . they propose two strategies to remedy the domain and objective discrepancies . |
| Outcome: | The proposed approach improves translation performance and model robustness on three language pairs. |
Human-Agent Collaborative Paper-to-Page Crafting (2026.findings-acl)
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Qianli Ma, Siyu Wang, Chen Yilin, Yinhao Tang, Yixiang Yang, Chang Guo, Bingjie Gao, Zhening Xing, Yanan Sun, Zhipeng Zhang
| Challenge: | Existing approaches to create project pages from academic papers have focused on static slides and posters, but the dynamic nature of webpages remains an unaddressed challenge. |
| Approach: | They propose a novel multi-agent system that deconstructs paper-to-page creation into a coarse-to fine pipeline from narrative planning to multimodal content generation and interactive rendering. |
| Outcome: | The proposed system generates high-quality, visually appealing pages in under 15 minutes for less than $0.1 . |
A Reward-Guided Dual-Phase Framework for Adaptive Inference-Time Reasoning (2026.findings-acl)
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Yingqian Cui, Zhenwei Dai, Pengfei He, Bing He, Hui Liu, Zhan Shi, Xianfeng Tang, Jingying Zeng, Suhang Wang, Yue Xing, Jiliang Tang, Benoit Dumoulin
| Challenge: | Large Language Models (LLMs) have made strong progress in reasoning. |
| Approach: | They propose a dual-phase test-time scaling framework that separates planning and execution and performs search over each phase independently. |
| Outcome: | Experiments on math reasoning and code generation benchmarks show that the proposed approach improves accuracy while reducing redundant computation. |
Re-Align: Aligning Vision Language Models via Retrieval-Augmented Direct Preference Optimization (2025.emnlp-main)
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Shuo Xing, Peiran Li, Yuping Wang, Ruizheng Bai, Yueqi Wang, Chan-Wei Hu, Chengxuan Qian, Huaxiu Yao, Zhengzhong Tu
| Challenge: | emergence of large Vision Language Models (VLMs) has broadened the capabilities of single-modal Large Language Model (LLM) but VLMs are prone to significant hallucinations, especially in the form of cross-modal inconsistencies. |
| Approach: | They propose a new alignment framework that leverages image retrieval to integrate both textual and visual preference signals. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework mitigates hallucinations more effectively than previous methods . it maintains robustness and scalability across a wide range of VLM sizes and architectures . |
Encouraging Divergent Thinking in Large Language Models through Multi-Agent Debate (2024.emnlp-main)
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Tian Liang, Zhiwei He, Wenxiang Jiao, Xing Wang, Yan Wang, Rui Wang, Yujiu Yang, Shuming Shi, Zhaopeng Tu
| Challenge: | Modern large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable performance on general language tasks but struggle on complex reasoning tasks. |
| Approach: | They propose a multi-agent debate framework that encourages divergent thinking in LLMs . they propose to break debate and use a judge to obtain a final solution . |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework encourages divergent thinking in large language models . it is able to generate novel thoughts even if initial stance is incorrect . |
Bridging the Temporal Gap in Multimodal LLMs: Deeply Stacking Temporal Tokens for Audio-Visual Speech Recognition (2026.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Existing audio-visual speech recognition systems suffer from a temporal gap . visual speech patterns captured from lip movements provide complementary information that remains inherently robust to acoustic noise. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework that deeply stacks temporal tokens across both encoding and decoding stages to bridge this temporal gap. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework outperforms existing supervised, self-supervised, and LLM-based methods by 6.1% on LRS2 and 7.8% on LLS3. |
Smoothed Contrastive Learning for Unsupervised Sentence Embedding (2022.coling-1)
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| Challenge: | Unsupervised contrastive sentence embedding models use InfoNCE loss function . increasing batch size leads to performance degradation when it exceeds threshold . |
| Approach: | They propose a simple smoothing strategy upon the InfoNCE loss function to reduce the number of false-negative pairs in a batch without increasing the batch size. |
| Outcome: | The proposed smoothing strategy improves unsupervised SimCSE on semantic similarity tasks. |
Multi-Granularity Self-Attention for Neural Machine Translation (D19-1)
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| Challenge: | Existing neural machine translation models use a deep multi-head self-attention network with no explicit phrase information. |
| Approach: | They propose a neural network that combines multi-head self-attention and phrase modeling to train attention heads to attend to phrases in either n-gram or syntactic formalisms. |
| Outcome: | The proposed approach improves on English-to-German and NIST Chinese-to English translation tasks. |
DongbaMIE: A Multimodal Information Extraction Dataset for Evaluating Semantic Understanding of Dongba Pictograms (2025.findings-emnlp)
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Xiaojun Bi, Shuo Li, Junyao Xing, Ziyue Wang, Fuwen Luo, Weizheng Qiao, Lu Han, Ziwei Sun, Peng Li, Yang Liu
| Challenge: | Dongba pictographic is the only pictograph script still in use in the world. |
| Approach: | DongbaMIE is the first dataset focusing on multimodal information extraction of Dongbe pictographs. |
| Outcome: | The dataset contains 23,530 sentence-level and 2,539 paragraph-level high-quality text-image pairs. |
LongTableBench: Benchmarking Long-Context Table Reasoning across Real-World Formats and Domains (2025.findings-emnlp)
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Liyao Li, Jiaming Tian, Hao Chen, Wentao Ye, Chao Ye, Haobo Wang, Ningtao Wang, Xing Fu, Gang Chen, Junbo Zhao
| Challenge: | Evaluating 52 LLMs reveals that only the strongest models maintain robust performance under increasing context lengths and format diversity. |
| Approach: | They propose a benchmark for evaluating long-context reasoning over semi-structured tables across diverse formats, tasks, and domains. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms compression-based approaches on tasks requiring semantic integration. |
Asclepius: A Spectrum Evaluation Benchmark for Medical Multi-Modal Large Language Models (2025.acl-long)
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Jie Liu, Wenxuan Wang, Su Yihang, Jingyuan Huang, Yudi Zhang, Cheng-Yi Li, Wenting Chen, Xiaohan Xing, Kao-Jung Chang, Linlin Shen, Michael R. Lyu
| Challenge: | Medical Multi-Modal Large Language Models (Med-MLLMs) are a promising new form of artificial general intelligence due to their ability to tackle complex tasks. |
| Approach: | They propose a new benchmark that comprehensively assesses medical multi-modal large language models in terms of distinct medical specialties and different diagnostic capacities. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model covers 15 medical specialties and different diagnostic capacities, and excludes overlap with existing VQA dataset. |
SoulChat: Improving LLMs’ Empathy, Listening, and Comfort Abilities through Fine-tuning with Multi-turn Empathy Conversations (2023.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | Large language models (LLMs) are used in psychological counseling to provide universal advice. |
| Approach: | They constructed a multi-turn empathetic conversation dataset with 2 million samples . they found that the model's empathy ability is enhanced when finetuning . |
| Outcome: | Experiments show that large language models can be finetuned to provide empathy . but, when applied to mental health or emotional support conversation, there are three main issues . |
Addressing Entity Translation Problem via Translation Difficulty and Context Diversity (2024.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Neural machine translation systems often produce inadequate translations for named entities. |
| Approach: | They propose a data augmentation strategy to enhance the accuracy of named entity translation by retraining the target named entity pair. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method improves translation accuracy across test sets and terminology tests. |
EvoMemKG: An Evolvable Memory Agent for Multi-hop Knowledge Graph Reasoning (2026.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods for integrating knowledge graphs with large language models lack continuous learning capabilities. |
| Approach: | They propose an agent framework with a dynamic, evolvable memory mechanism specifically designed for KG reasoning. |
| Outcome: | EvoMemKG achieves state-of-the-art performance without training or tools . it achieves improvements of up to 20% over baseline on multi-hop queries . |
TextFlint: Unified Multilingual Robustness Evaluation Toolkit for Natural Language Processing (2021.acl-demo)
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Xiao Wang, Qin Liu, Tao Gui, Qi Zhang, Yicheng Zou, Xin Zhou, Jiacheng Ye, Yongxin Zhang, Rui Zheng, Zexiong Pang, Qinzhuo Wu, Zhengyan Li, Chong Zhang, Ruotian Ma, Zichu Fei, Ruijian Cai, Jun Zhao, Xingwu Hu, Zhiheng Yan, Yiding Tan, Yuan Hu, Qiyuan Bian, Zhihua Liu, Shan Qin, Bolin Zhu, Xiaoyu Xing, Jinlan Fu, Yue Zhang, Minlong Peng, Xiaoqing Zheng, Yaqian Zhou, Zhongyu Wei, Xipeng Qiu, Xuanjing Huang
| Challenge: | Existing approaches to textual robustness evaluation focus on slightly modifying the input data, which maintains the original meaning and results in a different prediction. |
| Approach: | They propose a multilingual robustness evaluation toolkit for NLP that integrates universal text transformations, task-specific transformations and adversarial attack. |
| Outcome: | The toolkit includes universal text transformation, task-specific transformation, adversarial attack, subpopulation, and their combinations to provide comprehensive robustness analyses. |
KIEval: A Knowledge-grounded Interactive Evaluation Framework for Large Language Models (2024.acl-long)
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Zhuohao Yu, Chang Gao, Wenjin Yao, Yidong Wang, Wei Ye, Jindong Wang, Xing Xie, Yue Zhang, Shikun Zhang
| Challenge: | Existing methods to detect contaminated texts focus on quantifying contamination status instead of accurately gauging model performance. |
| Approach: | They propose a Knowledge-grounded Interactive Evaluation framework which incorporates an LLM-powered “interactor” role for the first time to accomplish a dynamic contamination-resilient evaluation. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework is based on a question in a standard LLM benchmark and can be used to evaluate models in real-world conversations. |
Tasty Burgers, Soggy Fries: Probing Aspect Robustness in Aspect-Based Sentiment Analysis (2020.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Existing ABSA test sets cannot be used to distinguish the sentiment of the target aspect from the non-target aspect. |
| Approach: | They propose a simple but effective approach to enrich ABSA test sets by disentangle the confounding sentiments of non-target aspects from the target aspect’s sentiment. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model can distinguish the sentiment of the non-target aspects from the target aspect’s sentiment by using the Aspect Robustness Test Set (ARTS). |
MAC-SQL: A Multi-Agent Collaborative Framework for Text-to-SQL (2025.coling-main)
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Bing Wang, Changyu Ren, Jian Yang, Xinnian Liang, Jiaqi Bai, LinZheng Chai, Zhao Yan, Qian-Wen Zhang, Di Yin, Xing Sun, Zhoujun Li
| Challenge: | Recent LLM-based Text-to-SQL methods suffer from performance degradation on “huge” databases and complex user questions that require multi-step reasoning. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework that integrates a decomposer agent and auxiliary agents to generate SQL queries from natural language text. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework achieves comparable execution accuracy on SQL-Llama tasks compared to the baseline model. |
Unleashing Low-Bit Inference on Ascend NPUs: A Comprehensive Evaluation of HiFloat Formats (2026.acl-industry)
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Pengxiang Zhao, Hui-Ling Zhen, Xing Li, Han Bao, Weizhe Lin, Zhiyuan Yang, Yu Zi Wei, Xin Wang, Mingxuan Yuan, Xianzhi Yu, Zhenhua Dong
| Challenge: | Low-bit floating-point formats like MXFP and NVFP4 offer new opportunities for precision and efficiency. |
| Approach: | They evaluate HiFloat (HiF8 and HiF4), a family of floating-point formats tailored for Ascend NPUs. |
| Outcome: | The proposed formats excel with high-variance data and are compatible with state-of-the-art quantization frameworks. |
VisLingInstruct: Elevating Zero-Shot Learning in Multi-Modal Language Models with Autonomous Instruction Optimization (2024.naacl-long)
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Dongsheng Zhu, Daniel Tang, Weidong Han, Jinghui Lu, Yukun Zhao, Guoliang Xing, Junfeng Wang, Dawei Yin
| Challenge: | Current MMLMs show impressive zero-shot abilities in multi-modal tasks, but their performance depends heavily on the quality of instructions. |
| Approach: | They propose a novel approach to advancing multi-modal language models in zero-shot learning by evaluating and optimizing instructional texts through In-Context Learning. |
| Outcome: | The proposed approach improves zero-shot performance in multi-modal tasks by evaluating and optimizing instructional texts. |
Mobile-R1: Towards Interactive Capability for VLM-Based Mobile Agent via Systematic Training (2026.acl-long)
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Jihao Gu, Qihang Ai, Yingyao Wang, Pi Bu, Jingxuan Xing, Yue Cao, Zekun Zhu, Wei Jiang, Ziming Wang, Yingxiu Zhao, Ming-Liang Zhang, Jun Song, Yuning Jiang, Bo Zheng
| Challenge: | Existing approaches to training agents for visual-language models trap them in local optima, hindering exploration and error correction with the environment. |
| Approach: | They propose a hierarchical training recipe that bridges atomic action execution and strategic task completion. |
| Outcome: | The proposed training recipe bridges atomic action execution and strategic task completion. |
InfoCSE: Information-aggregated Contrastive Learning of Sentence Embeddings (2022.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | Existing studies on contrastive learning for sentence embeddings are weak . researchers have started to use contrastive training to learn better unsupervised sentences. |
| Approach: | They propose an information-aggregated contrastive learning framework for learning unsupervised sentence embeddings. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework outperforms SimCSE on several benchmark datasets w.r.t the semantic text similarity task. |