Papers by Xipeng Qiu
FastMCTS: A Simple Sampling Strategy for Data Synthesis (2025.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods for generating multi-step reasoning data rely on rejection sampling, which generates trajectories independently and suffers from inefficiency and imbalanced sampling across problems of varying difficulty levels. |
| Approach: | They propose a data synthesis strategy inspired by Monte Carlo Tree Search . it offers step-level evaluation signals and promotes balanced sampling . |
| Outcome: | Experiments show that FastMCTS generates 30% more correct reasoning paths than rejection sampling. |
LLatrieval: LLM-Verified Retrieval for Verifiable Generation (2024.naacl-long)
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| Challenge: | Large language models struggle with factual errors and often produce non-factual and fabricated content. |
| Approach: | They propose to use large language models to generate text with supporting documents to enable the user to flexibly verify the answer. |
| Outcome: | Experiments on ALCE show that LLatrieval significantly outperforms extensive baselines and achieves state-of-the-art results. |
BERTScore is Unfair: On Social Bias in Language Model-Based Metrics for Text Generation (2022.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Currently, pre-trained language model (PLM) based metrics are widely adopted in text generation tasks. |
| Approach: | They propose to use PLMs to encode stereotypical societal biases in PLM-based metrics . they show that popular metrics exhibit higher social bias than traditional metrics based on 6 attributes . |
| Outcome: | The proposed method shows that PLM-based metrics exhibit higher social bias than traditional metrics on 6 attributes. |
Identifying Semantic Induction Heads to Understand In-Context Learning (2024.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance, but lack of transparency in their inference logic raises concerns about their trustworthiness. |
| Approach: | They conduct a detailed analysis of the operations of attention heads to understand their in-context learning of LLMs. |
| Outcome: | The proposed analysis of attention heads reveals that they increase the output logits of object tokens and recall objects . the proposed model is a novel approach to understand the in-context learning of large language models. |
The Open-World Lottery Ticket Hypothesis for OOD Intent Classification (2024.lrec-main)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods of Out-of-Domain intent classification lack confidence in In- and Out- of-domain intents. |
| Approach: | They propose to prune overparameterized models to provide better confidence . they extend the Lottery Ticket Hypothesis to open-world scenarios . |
| Outcome: | The proposed model can be calibrated to distinguish In- and Out-of-domain intents . the model can also improve on open-world scenarios . |
DORE: Document Ordered Relation Extraction based on Generative Framework (2022.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | Existing generative methods do not fit document-level relation extraction tasks where there are multiple entities and relational facts. |
| Approach: | They propose to generate a symbolic and ordered sequence from relation matrix which is easier to learn and introduce several negative sampling strategies to improve the performance with balanced signals. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method can improve the performance of the generative DocRE models on four datasets. |
BERT for Monolingual and Cross-Lingual Reverse Dictionary (2020.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods to find the proper word for a word are based on the surface form of words, but they cannot extract the semantic meaning. |
| Approach: | They propose a method to make BERT generate the target word for this task . cross-lingual reverse dictionary is the task to find the proper target word . |
| Outcome: | The proposed method can generate the target word for cross-lingual reverse dictionary task even without the parallel corpus. |
Convolutional Interaction Network for Natural Language Inference (D18-1)
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| Challenge: | Attention-based neural models have achieved great success in natural language inference (NLI). |
| Approach: | They propose a general model to capture the interaction between two sentences, which can be an alternative to the attention mechanism for NLI. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model can capture complex interactions on three large datasets. |
Flames: Benchmarking Value Alignment of LLMs in Chinese (2024.naacl-long)
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Kexin Huang, Xiangyang Liu, Qianyu Guo, Tianxiang Sun, Jiawei Sun, Yaru Wang, Zeyang Zhou, Yixu Wang, Yan Teng, Xipeng Qiu, Yingchun Wang, Dahua Lin
| Challenge: | Existing benchmarks for large language models (LLMs) do not accurately uncover safety vulnerabilities in LLMs. |
| Approach: | They propose a value alignment benchmark called Flames that encompasses both harmlessness principles and a unique morality dimension that integrates specific Chinese values such as harmony. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model performs poorly on Flames, particularly in safety and fairness dimensions. |
Keyphrase Generation with Fine-Grained Evaluation-Guided Reinforcement Learning (2021.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | Existing KG evaluation metrics are only aware of the exact correctness of predictions on phrase-level and ignore semantic similarities between similar predictions and targets, which inhibits the model from learning deep linguistic patterns. |
| Approach: | They propose a fine-grained evaluation metric to improve the previous KG framework . the evaluation metrics are only aware of the exact correctness of predictions on phrase-level . |
| Outcome: | The proposed method outperforms the existing frameworks among all evaluation scores. |
A Graph-based Model for Joint Chinese Word Segmentation and Dependency Parsing (2020.tacl-1)
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| Challenge: | Chinese word segmentation and dependency parsing suffer from error propagation . a graph-based model can integrate both tasks, but it suffers from performance limitations . |
| Approach: | They propose a graph-based model to integrate Chinese word segmentation and dependency parsing . their model achieves better performance than previous joint models . |
| Outcome: | The proposed model achieves better performance than previous joint models and state-of-the-art results in both Chinese word segmentation and dependency parsing. |
Multijugate Dual Learning for Low-Resource Task-Oriented Dialogue System (2023.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | End-to-end task-oriented dialogue systems are expensive to annotate and lack data in real scenarios. |
| Approach: | They propose to implement dual learning in task-oriented dialogues to exploit the correlation of heterogeneous data. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method improves the effectiveness of end-to-end task-oriented dialogue systems under multiple benchmarks and obtains state-of-the-art results in low-resource scenarios. |
Does syntax matter? A strong baseline for Aspect-based Sentiment Analysis with RoBERTa (2021.naacl-main)
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| Challenge: | Aspect-based sentiment analysis (ABSA) is a fine-grained task in sentiment analysis. |
| Approach: | They compare a model with a dependency parser and a tree from a fine-tuned RoBERTa model to find the polarities for aspects in a sentence. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms the parser-provided tree on six datasets across four languages. |
An AMR-based Link Prediction Approach for Document-level Event Argument Extraction (2023.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Recent work has introduced Abstract Meaning Representation (AMR) for Document-level Event Argument Extraction (Doc-level EAE) however, in these works AMR is used only implicitly, for instance, as additional features or training signals. |
| Approach: | They propose a novel AMR-based graph structure which uses graph neural networks to find event arguments from unstructured text. |
| Outcome: | The proposed graph structure outperforms the state-of-the-art models by 3.63pt and 2.33pt F1 and reduces inference time by 56%. |
Balanced Data Sampling for Language Model Training with Clustering (2024.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Large Language Models (LLMs) are a fundamental part of the training process. |
| Approach: | They propose to use clustering to balance the text distribution of training data for better model training. |
| Outcome: | Extensive experiments validate the effectiveness of ClusterClip Sampling under various training datasets and large language models. |
Finding Support Examples for In-Context Learning (2023.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | In-context learning is a new learning paradigm where a language model observes a few examples and directly outputs the test input’s prediction. |
| Approach: | They propose a method to find “support examples” for in-context learning by filtering a training dataset and a progressive filtering process to filter out uninformative examples. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method outperforms baselines and shows that each component contributes critically to the improvements. |
Improving Image Captioning with Better Use of Caption (2020.acl-main)
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| Challenge: | Existing approaches to image captioning focus on visual attention, but many do not. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework that explores semantics available in captions and leverages that to enhance both image representation and caption generation. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework outperforms baselines on the MSCOCO dataset and is state-of-the-art under a wide range of evaluation metrics. |
Heterogeneous Graph Neural Networks for Extractive Document Summarization (2020.acl-main)
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| Challenge: | Existing models capture cross-sentence relations with recurrent neural networks, but they are hard to capture sentence-level long-distance dependency. |
| Approach: | They propose a graph-based neural network for extractive summarization which contains semantic nodes apart from sentences. |
| Outcome: | The proposed graph-based neural network is the first to incorporate different types of nodes into it and perform a qualitative analysis. |
A Unified Generative Framework for Various NER Subtasks (2021.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Named Entity Recognition (NER) is the task of identifying spans that represent entities in sentences. |
| Approach: | They propose to formulate NER subtasks as entity span sequence generation task . framework can be used to solve all three kinds of NER tasks without tagging schema . |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework achieves state-of-the-art (SoTA) or near SoTA performance on eight English NER datasets. |
Unified Demonstration Retriever for In-Context Learning (2023.acl-long)
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Xiaonan Li, Kai Lv, Hang Yan, Tianyang Lin, Wei Zhu, Yuan Ni, Guotong Xie, Xiaoling Wang, Xipeng Qiu
| Challenge: | In-context learning is a new learning paradigm where a language model conditions on a few input-output pairs (demonstrations) and a test input, and directly outputs the prediction. |
| Approach: | They propose a single model to retrieve demonstrations for a wide range of tasks by combining training signals from various tasks into a unified list-wise ranking formulation by language model’s feedback. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms baselines on 30+ tasks across 13 task families and multiple data domains. |
Error Classification of Large Language Models on Math Word Problems: A Dynamically Adaptive Framework (2025.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | Current error classification methods rely on static and predefined categories to capture error patterns. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework for automated dynamic error classification in mathematical reasoning that incorporates common error patterns as explicit guidance. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework reduces human bias and fine-grained analysis of error patterns. |
Towards Efficient NLP: A Standard Evaluation and A Strong Baseline (2022.naacl-main)
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Xiangyang Liu, Tianxiang Sun, Junliang He, Jiawen Wu, Lingling Wu, Xinyu Zhang, Hao Jiang, Zhao Cao, Xuanjing Huang, Xipeng Qiu
| Challenge: | Rather than pursuing the reachless SOTA accuracy, researchers are focusing on model efficiency and usability. |
| Approach: | They propose an evaluation and a public leaderboard for efficient NLP models that depicts the Pareto Frontier for various language understanding tasks. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms or performs on par with SOTA compressed and early exiting models. |
Distributed Marker Representation for Ambiguous Discourse Markers and Entangled Relations (2023.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Discourse markers are natural representations of discourse in our daily language. |
| Approach: | They propose to use unlimited discourse marker data to learn a Distributed Marker Representation by bridging markers with sentence pairs. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms existing models on the implicit discourse relation recognition task and provides strong interpretability. |
Explicit Memory Learning with Expectation Maximization (2024.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Large Language Models lack reliable learning mechanisms for updating information across interactions. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework that enhances explicit memory updates via the Expectation-Maximization algorithm. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework outperforms existing methods without memory or with static external memory on streaming inference tasks. |
RLET: A Reinforcement Learning Based Approach for Explainable QA with Entailment Trees (2022.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Existing structured reasoning frameworks lack internal decision probability and cannot model the tree as a whole. |
| Approach: | They propose a Reinforcement Learning based Entailment Tree generation framework that is trained using the cumulative signals across the whole tree. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework offers explicit deductions with entailment steps in a tree structure. |
SpellBERT: A Lightweight Pretrained Model for Chinese Spelling Check (2021.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Chinese Spelling Check is a nontrivial task because of the nature of ideographic language. |
| Approach: | They propose a pretrained model with graph-based extra features that captures erroneous patterns . they use a graph neural network to introduce radical and pinyin information as visual and phonetic features. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model can show competitive performance on OCR datasets where most errors are not covered by existing confusion set. |
AnyGPT: Unified Multimodal LLM with Discrete Sequence Modeling (2024.acl-long)
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Jun Zhan, Junqi Dai, Jiasheng Ye, Yunhua Zhou, Dong Zhang, Zhigeng Liu, Xin Zhang, Ruibin Yuan, Ge Zhang, Linyang Li, Hang Yan, Jie Fu, Tao Gui, Tianxiang Sun, Yu-Gang Jiang, Xipeng Qiu
| Challenge: | Existing language models that use discrete representations for unified processing of various modalities are limited to text generation and do not include multimodal output. |
| Approach: | They propose a multimodal language model that utilizes discrete representations for unified processing of various modalities. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model can be trained stably without any alterations to existing models or training paradigms. |
HERMES: KV Cache as Hierarchical Memory for Efficient Streaming Video Understanding (2026.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Existing models struggle to maintain stable understanding performance and low GPU memory overhead. |
| Approach: | They propose a training-free architecture for real-time and accurate understanding of video streams . HERMES reuses a compact KV cache, enabling efficient streaming understanding . |
| Outcome: | The proposed architecture achieves 10 faster TTFT compared to prior SOTA. |
An Embarrassingly Easy but Strong Baseline for Nested Named Entity Recognition (2023.acl-short)
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| Challenge: | Named entity recognition (NER) is the task to detect and classify entity spans in text. |
| Approach: | They propose to use Convolutional Neural Network to model spatial relations in NER . they use three commonly used nested NER datasets to compare their results . |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms several proposed methods with the same pre-trained encoders in three nested NER datasets. |
Code Needs Comments: Enhancing Code LLMs with Comment Augmentation (2024.findings-acl)
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Demin Song, Honglin Guo, Yunhua Zhou, Shuhao Xing, Yudong Wang, Zifan Song, Wenwei Zhang, Qipeng Guo, Hang Yan, Xipeng Qiu, Dahua Lin
| Challenge: | Large Language Models (LLMs) require a deep understanding of programming languages and their correlation with natural languages (NLs). |
| Approach: | They propose a data augmentation method that generates comments for existing code and a filtering strategy that filters out code data poorly correlated with natural language. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method outperforms the model trained on the augmented data and the model further trained on data without augmentation on two widely-used programming skill benchmarks. |
SeqXGPT: Sentence-Level AI-Generated Text Detection (2023.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods for sentence-level AIGT detection are weak . large language models (LLMs) can generate human-like content . |
| Approach: | They propose a sentence-level AIGT detection challenge using LLMs as log probability lists . they propose 'check' GPT' method that uses log probability list features to detect AIGT . |
| Outcome: | The proposed method surpasses baseline methods in sentence- and document-level detection challenges. |
WESR: A Benchmark and Strong Baseline for Word-level Event-Speech Recognition (2026.findings-acl)
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Chenchen Yang, Kexin Huang, Liwei Fan, Qian Tu, Botian Jiang, Dong Zhang, Linqi Yin, Shimin Li, Zhaoye Fei, Qinyuan Cheng, Xipeng Qiu
| Challenge: | aaron carroll: the precise localization of non-verbal vocal events remains a critical yet under-explored challenge. carroll says current methods suffer from insufficient task definitions with limited category coverage. carrol: knowing exactly where an event occurred is not enough; knowing exactly what it happened is. |
| Approach: | They propose a taxonomy of 21 vocal events with a new categorization into discrete versus continuous types. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model disentangles ASR errors from event detection while maintaining ASR quality. |
AgentGym: Evaluating and Training Large Language Model-based Agents across Diverse Environments (2025.acl-long)
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Zhiheng Xi, Yiwen Ding, Wenxiang Chen, Boyang Hong, Honglin Guo, Junzhe Wang, Xin Guo, Dingwen Yang, Chenyang Liao, Wei He, Songyang Gao, Lu Chen, Rui Zheng, Yicheng Zou, Tao Gui, Qi Zhang, Xipeng Qiu, Xuanjing Huang, Zuxuan Wu, Yu-Gang Jiang
| Challenge: | Large language models (LLMs) are promising foundations to build generally-capable agents . however, the community lacks a unified interactive framework that covers diverse environments for comprehensive evaluation of agents. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework that features 7 real-world scenarios, 14 environments, and 89 tasks for unified, real-time, and concurrent agent interaction. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework features 7 real-world scenarios, 14 environments, and 89 tasks for unified, real-time, and concurrent agent interaction. |
Turn Waste into Worth: Rectifying Top-k Router of MoE (2024.emnlp-main)
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Zhiyuan Zeng, Qipeng Guo, Zhaoye Fei, Zhangyue Yin, Yunhua Zhou, Linyang Li, Tianxiang Sun, Hang Yan, Dahua Lin, Xipeng Qiu
| Challenge: | Top-k router suffers from redundancy computation and memory costs due to unbalanced routing . some experts are overflow, where exceeding tokens are dropped, while others are empty, which are padded with zeros, negatively impacting model performance. |
| Approach: | They propose a top-k router that is unbalanced and uses a multi-gPU system to handle dropped tokens and padding. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model surpasses the top-1 router by 4.7% in terms of performance . the top-k router suffers from redundancy computation and memory costs . |
Do Large Language Models Know What They Don’t Know? (2023.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Large language models (LLMs) have vast knowledge that allows them to excel in various NLP tasks. |
| Approach: | They propose an automated method to detect uncertainty in the responses of large language models and a dataset to measure their self-knowledge. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method detects uncertainty in the responses of large language models and provides a novel measure of their self-knowledge. |
UnitCoder: Scalable Code Synthesis from Pre-training Corpora (2025.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Large Language Models (LLMs) excel at code understanding and generation, yet code generation remains a challenge. |
| Approach: | They propose a model that supervises pre-training data quality through automatically generated unit tests while ensuring correctness via an iterative fix and refine flow. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model improves performance on a large dataset with high quality pre-training data. |
Multi-Programming Language Sandbox for LLMs (2025.acl-demo)
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Shihan Dou, Jiazheng Zhang, Jianxiang Zang, Yunbo Tao, Weikang Zhou, Haoxiang Jia, Shichun Liu, Yuming Yang, Shenxi Wu, Zhiheng Xi, Muling Wu, Rui Zheng, Changze Lv, Limao Xiong, Shaoqing Zhang, Lin Zhang, Wenyu Zhan, Rongxiang Weng, Jingang Wang, Xunliang Cai, Yueming Wu, Ming Wen, Yixin Cao, Tao Gui, Xipeng Qiu, Qi Zhang, Xuanjing Huang
| Challenge: | MPLSandbox is an out-of-the-box multi-programming language sandbox designed to provide unified and comprehensive feedback from compiler and analysis tools for Large Language Models (LLMs). |
| Approach: | They propose a multi-programming language sandbox that provides unified feedback from compilers and analysis tools for Large Language Models. |
| Outcome: | The proposed multi-language sandbox can provide comprehensive feedback from compilers and analysis tools for large language models (LLMs). |
Firewall Routing: Blocking Leads to Better Hybrid Inference for LLMs (2025.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Large language models have significantly enhanced performance across various NLP tasks . high computational costs and latency associated with deploying such models pose bottlenecks . |
| Approach: | They propose a dynamic hybrid inference framework that efficiently selects between a strong and a weak LLM based on the complexity of the query. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method outperforms existing routing strategies by up to 5.29% in APGR . large models often introduce higher latency, making them less suitable for real-time or resource-constrained applications. |
Watermarking LLMs with Weight Quantization (2023.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | Large language models are being deployed at an astonishing speed, exposing users to high risks. |
| Approach: | They propose a method that plants watermarks in quantization process of large language models without pre-defined triggers during inference. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method protects model weights without pre-defined triggers . it works when the model is used in the fp32 mode and remains hidden when the models are quantized to int8 . |
Contrastive Aligned Joint Learning for Multilingual Summarization (2021.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Existing summarization systems for multilingual text summarizing are limited due to the lack of large-scale data in multiple languages. |
| Approach: | They propose a multilingual summarization system that can understand documents in multiple languages and generate summaries in the corresponding language. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model improves over monolingual models in all languages and transferable to other languages. |
LongWanjuan: Towards Systematic Measurement for Long Text Quality (2024.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | Existing efforts to improve data quality have focused on deduplication and the evaluation of data diversity and difficulty. |
| Approach: | They propose a set of metrics to evaluate the quality of long texts by evaluating three fundamental linguistic dimensions: coherence, cohesion, and complexity. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model improves on long-text tasks with over 160B tokens and categorizes long texts into holistic, aggregated, and chaotic types. |
ProLongVid: A Simple but Strong Baseline for Long-context Video Instruction Tuning (2025.emnlp-main)
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Rui Wang, Bohao Li, Xiyang Dai, Jianwei Yang, Yi-Ling Chen, Zhen Xing, Yifan Yang, Dongdong Chen, Xipeng Qiu, Zuxuan Wu, Yu-Gang Jiang
| Challenge: | Existing approaches to adapt image-focused models for video understanding have not been successful in analyzing long video sequences. |
| Approach: | They propose a video instruction dataset that outperforms existing video instruction data for fine-tuning MLLMs by incrementally increasing input context length. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms existing models on video benchmarks and outperformed proprietary models on VideoMME even with a compact 7B model. |
A Probabilistic Framework for Discovering New Intents (2023.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods for detecting unknown intents do not explore the intrinsic structure of unlabeled data. |
| Approach: | They propose a probabilistic framework for discovering intents where intent assignments are treated as latent variables. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework can be used to discover intents with latent variables . it can be applied to three challenging real-world datasets . |
A Concise Model for Multi-Criteria Chinese Word Segmentation with Transformer Encoder (2020.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | Existing work on multicriteria Chinese word segmentation focuses on combining multiple heterogeneous segmentation criteria into a single task. |
| Approach: | They propose a unified model for multi-criteria Chinese word segmentation which is fully-shared for all criteria. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms existing models on eight datasets with different criteria. |
How to Set the Learning Rate for Large-Scale Pre-training? (2026.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Optimal configuration of the learning rate (LR) is a fundamental yet formidable challenge in large-scale pre-training. |
| Approach: | They propose a Fitting Paradigm and a Transfer Paradigme to investigate fit and transfer . they propose scalability and elucidate the reasons why module-wise parameter tuning underperforms . |
| Outcome: | The proposed model reduces the search complexity by reducing the search cost by lowering the search factor. |
Revisiting the Test-Time Scaling of o1-like Models: Do they Truly Possess Test-Time Scaling Capabilities? (2025.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Longer CoTs of o1-like models do not consistently enhance accuracy, causing performance degradation. |
| Approach: | They propose a method that combines parallel scaling strategies with CoT length characteristics to improve models’ test-time scalability. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method improves models’ test-time scalability compared to majority voting approaches. |
InferAligner: Inference-Time Alignment for Harmlessness through Cross-Model Guidance (2024.emnlp-main)
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Pengyu Wang, Dong Zhang, Linyang Li, Chenkun Tan, Xinghao Wang, Mozhi Zhang, Ke Ren, Botian Jiang, Xipeng Qiu
| Challenge: | Existing methods for enhancing harmlessness and helpfulness of large language models (LLMs) involve complex and resource-intensive training processes. |
| Approach: | They propose a method that decouples harmlessness from helpfulness during inference phase. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method significantly reduces the attack success rate (ASR) of harmful instructions and jailbreak instructions while maintaining almost unchanged performance in downstream tasks. |
Inference-Time Decontamination: Reusing Leaked Benchmarks for Large Language Model Evaluation (2024.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | Current LLMs are achieving better performance on various benchmarks, but their performance in practical applications does not always match their benchmark results. |
| Approach: | They propose to detect and rewrite leaked benchmarks without altering their difficulties by using Inference-Time Decontamination (ITD) to mitigate performance inflation caused by memorizing leaked samples. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method reduces inflated accuracy by 22.9% on GSM8K and 19.0% on MMLU. |
BBTv2: Towards a Gradient-Free Future with Large Language Models (2022.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Recent work on parameter-efficient tuning (PET) only tunes a small portion of parameters while keeping most of the parameters of the LLM unchanged. |
| Approach: | They propose an improved version of Black-Box Tuning to tune PTMs through gradient descent . they prepend continuous prompts to every layer of the PTM and propose a divide-and-conquer gradient-free algorithm to optimize the prompts alternately. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method achieves comparable performance to full model tuning and state-of-the-art parameter-efficient methods under few-shot settings while maintaining much fewer tunable parameters. |
XY-Tokenizer: Mitigating the Semantic-Acoustic Conflict in Low-Bitrate Speech Codecs (2026.acl-long)
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Yitian Gong, Luozhijie Jin, Kuangwei Chen, Dong Zhang, Ruifan Deng, Xiaogui Yang, Xin Zhang, Zhaoye Fei, Qinyuan Cheng, Shimin Li, Xipeng Qiu
| Challenge: | Existing speech codecs struggle to balance these objectives at low bitrates . XY-Tokenizer achieves stronger semantic alignment than representative semantic-distillation codec . |
| Approach: | They propose a low-bitrate speech codec that aligns discrete speech representations with text while preserving fine-grained acoustic details for reconstruction. |
| Outcome: | The proposed codec outperforms existing low-bitrate speech codecs in speech understanding and generation tasks. |
CDEvalSumm: An Empirical Study of Cross-Dataset Evaluation for Neural Summarization Systems (2020.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | Existing evaluation methods for text summarization systems are limited to in-domain setting, where supervised pre-trained models are evaluated on the same dataset. |
| Approach: | They propose to use a cross-dataset evaluation approach to evaluate different summarization systems in a multi-domain setting. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model can be used to evaluate text summarization systems on different datasets. |
Character-LLM: A Trainable Agent for Role-Playing (2023.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Large language models (LLMs) can be used to simulate human behaviors . a recent study suggests that LLMs can be more effective at generating human behavior . |
| Approach: | They propose to use large language models to train agents with the profile, experience, and emotional states of a specific person instead of using limited prompts to instruct ChatGPT API. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model trains agents with the profile, experience, and emotional states of a specific person instead of using limited prompts to instruct ChatGPT API. |
Reasoning in Flux: Enhancing Large Language Models Reasoning through Uncertainty-aware Adaptive Guidance (2024.acl-long)
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Zhangyue Yin, Qiushi Sun, Qipeng Guo, Zhiyuan Zeng, Xiaonan Li, Junqi Dai, Qinyuan Cheng, Xuanjing Huang, Xipeng Qiu
| Challenge: | Extensive experiments across various reasoning tasks demonstrate that UAG not only enhances the reasoning abilities of LLMs but consistently outperforms several strong baselines with minimal computational overhead. |
| Approach: | They propose an approach to guide LLMs onto an accurate and reliable trajectory by identifying and adjusting uncertainty signals within each step of the reasoning chain. |
| Outcome: | The proposed approach outperforms strong baselines and outperformed strong models with minimal computational overhead. |
GenWiki: A Dataset of 1.3 Million Content-Sharing Text and Graphs for Unsupervised Graph-to-Text Generation (2020.coling-main)
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| Challenge: | a large-scale, general-domain dataset is needed for knowledge graph-to-text generation . data collection is expensive and data-intensive, making it difficult to get good annotation . |
| Approach: | They propose to use a large-scale, general-domain dataset to generate unsupervised text from knowledge graphs. |
| Outcome: | The proposed dataset has 1.3M text and graph examples, and is a benchmark for future research . good annotation is expensive and difficult to get, and it's difficult to check quality . |
ConvSearch-R1: Enhancing Query Reformulation for Conversational Search with Reasoning via Reinforcement Learning (2025.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Existing approaches to conversational Query Reformulation (CQR) suffer from high dependency on external supervision from annotations or large language models and insufficient alignment between the rewriter and downstream retrievers. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework that transforms context-dependent queries into self-contained forms suitable for off-the-shelf retrievers. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework outperforms existing methods on topiOCQA and QReCC datasets while using smaller 3B parameter models without external supervision. |
Full Parameter Fine-tuning for Large Language Models with Limited Resources (2024.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Large Language Models (LLMs) require massive GPU resources for training. |
| Approach: | They propose a parameter-efficient optimization that fuses the gradient computation and parameter update in one step to reduce memory usage. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method reduces memory usage to 10.8% compared to the standard approach. |
Safe Inputs but Unsafe Output: Benchmarking Cross-modality Safety Alignment of Large Vision-Language Models (2025.findings-naacl)
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Siyin Wang, Xingsong Ye, Qinyuan Cheng, Junwen Duan, Shimin Li, Jinlan Fu, Xipeng Qiu, Xuanjing Huang
| Challenge: | Recent studies focus on single-modality threats, but this approach fails to address cross-modal safety alignment. |
| Approach: | They propose a safety alignment challenge to evaluate cross-modality safety alignment . they propose 'Safe Inputs but Unsafe Output' to consider safety of single modalities . |
| Outcome: | The proposed safety alignment challenge examines cases where modalities are safe independently but could lead to unsafe outputs when combined. |
World Modeling Makes a Better Planner: Dual Preference Optimization for Embodied Task Planning (2025.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Existing approaches focus on action selection or use pre-trained models as world models to enhance planning capabilities. |
| Approach: | They propose a new learning framework that optimizes state prediction and action selection through preference learning. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method outperforms existing methods and GPT-4o on VoTa-Bench and Qwen2-VL (7B), LLaVA-1.6 (7B) and LLama-3.2 (11B). |
REARANK: Reasoning Re-ranking Agent via Reinforcement Learning (2025.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | REARANK is a large language model-based listwise reasoning reranking agent . it explicitly reasons be- fore reranked results, significantly improving performance and interpretability. |
| Approach: | They propose a large language model-based listwise reasoning reranking agent that explicitly reasons be- fore reranked lists. |
| Outcome: | The proposed agent outperforms GPT-4 on reasoning-intensive benchmarks and surpasses GPL-4 on BRIGHT benchmarks. |
CAMIEval: Enhancing NLG Evaluation through Multidimensional Comparative Instruction-Following Analysis (2025.naacl-long)
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| Challenge: | Evaluating the quality of texts generated by language models has always been a challenging task in natural language processing (NLP). |
| Approach: | They propose a multidimensional comparative evaluation method based on instruction-following that combines relevance, factuality, and adherence with a concrete Chain-of-Thoughts process to enhance the accuracy of evaluations. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method outperforms existing methods in correlation with human evaluations on two NLG evaluation benchmarks. |
Improving Contrastive Learning of Sentence Embeddings from AI Feedback (2023.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods to learn sentence embeddings with rich semantics are limited due to the discrete nature of natural language. |
| Approach: | They propose to use AI feedback to improve contrastive learning of sentence embeddings by combining human feedback and AI feedback. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method achieves state-of-the-art performance on several semantic textual similarity and transfer learning tasks compared to other unsupervised and supervised contrastive learning methods. |
Exchange-of-Thought: Enhancing Large Language Model Capabilities through Cross-Model Communication (2023.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Large Language Models (LLMs) have made significant strides in complex reasoning tasks, but their reasoning is often constrained by their intrinsic understanding, lacking external insights. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework that enables cross-model communication during problem-solving. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework surpasses established baselines in complex reasoning tasks and is cost-effective. |
Two Birds One Stone: Dynamic Ensemble for OOD Intent Classification (2023.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Out-of-domain (OOD) intent classification is an active field of natural language understanding . previous studies have suggested that PTMs would be "overthinking" the semantic features of the sample in the open-world scenario . |
| Approach: | They propose a method that allows the model to decide whether to make a decision on OOD classification early during inference. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method can improve inference speed and achieve significant performance improvements. |
Dynamic and Generalizable Process Reward Modeling (2025.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Existing Process Reward Models lack cross-domain generalization and focus on feedback results. |
| Approach: | They propose a process reward model that uses a reward tree to capture and store fine-grained, multi-dimensional reward criteria. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model performs on prevailing benchmarks and out-of-distribution scenarios. |
Pre-training Multilingual Neural Machine Translation by Leveraging Alignment Information (2020.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Existing pre-training methods are not effective for machine translation tasks. |
| Approach: | They propose a method to pre-train a universal multilingual neural machine translation model . they use random aligned substitution technique to bring words and phrases with similar meanings closer in the representation space. |
| Outcome: | The proposed approach improves translation quality on low, medium, rich resource languages. |
Text Adversarial Purification as Defense against Adversarial Attacks (2023.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods for defending against adversarial examples are difficult due to the discrete nature of texts. |
| Approach: | They propose a novel adversarial purification method that aims to remove adversarials and make correct predictions based on the recovered clean samples. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method can defend against word-substitution adversarial attacks using language models. |
A Simple Hash-Based Early Exiting Approach For Language Understanding and Generation (2022.findings-acl)
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Tianxiang Sun, Xiangyang Liu, Wei Zhu, Zhichao Geng, Lingling Wu, Yilong He, Yuan Ni, Guotong Xie, Xuanjing Huang, Xipeng Qiu
| Challenge: | Existing methods to measure instance difficulty use generalization and threshold-tuning . a new approach to learn to exit is based on hash functions to assign tokens to a fixed exiting layer. |
| Approach: | They propose a Hash-based Early Exiting approach that replaces learn-to-exit modules with hash functions to assign each token to a fixed exiting layer. |
| Outcome: | The proposed approach improves on learning to exit and predicting instance difficulty. |
Memorize Step by Step: Efficient Long-Context Prefilling with Incremental Memory and Decremental Chunk (2024.emnlp-main)
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Zhiyuan Zeng, Qipeng Guo, Xiaoran Liu, Zhangyue Yin, Wentao Shu, Mianqiu Huang, Bo Wang, Yunhua Zhou, Linlin Li, Qun Liu, Xipeng Qiu
| Challenge: | Existing methods to optimize LLM for long sequences for long documents are slow and consume memory. |
| Approach: | They propose a method that starts with a small memory size and gradually increases it . they propose Decremental Chunk based on Incremental Memory (IMDC) which reduces chunk size while increasing memory size . |
| Outcome: | The proposed method is faster (1.45x) and reduces GPU memory consumption by 23.3% compared to fixed-size memory. |
MetaAlign: Align Large Language Models with Diverse Preferences during Inference Time (2025.findings-naacl)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods to align large language models with human preferences often result in a static alignment that cannot account for the diversity of human preferences in practical applications. |
| Approach: | They propose a method to help large language models dynamically align with various explicit or implicit preferences specified at inference time. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method can help LLMs dynamically align with various explicit or implicit preferences specified at the inference stage, validating the feasibility of MetaAlign. |
Efficient KL Divergence Estimation via Truncated Top-K Integration for Large Language Models (2026.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods for estimating KL divergence using only top-k tokens suffer from high variance or systematic bias. |
| Approach: | They propose a top-k Importance-weighted KL Estimator that exploits the Zipfian structure of language model distributions by integrating only the top-K tokens. |
| Outcome: | The proposed estimator outperforms existing estimators on multiple benchmarks while exhibiting lower variance. |
A Unified Generative Framework for Aspect-based Sentiment Analysis (2021.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Existing complicated ABSA models focus on subtasks, which leads to complicated solutions . et al., j. c. d. r., and j dr. s. v. present a unified approach to solve seven subtask tasks in one framework. |
| Approach: | They redefine every subtask target as a sequence mixed by pointer indexes and sentiment class indexe . they exploit the pre-training sequence-to-sequence model BART to solve all ABSA subtasks in an end-to end framework. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework achieves substantial performance gain and provides a real unified solution for the whole ABSA subtasks. |
Decoupled Proxy Alignment: Mitigating Language Prior Conflict for Multimodal Alignment in MLLMs (2025.findings-emnlp)
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Chenkun Tan, Pengyu Wang, Shaojun Zhou, Botian Jiang, Zhaowei Li, Dong Zhang, Xinghao Wang, Yaqian Zhou, Xipeng Qiu
| Challenge: | Recent advances in multimodal large language models focus on improving performance . however, language prior conflict leads to suboptimal vision-language alignment . |
| Approach: | They propose a method to decouple the alignment process from language prior interference . they use a proxy LLM to detach from language interference during pretraining . |
| Outcome: | The proposed method improves training performance and generalizes training data. |
Information Aggregation via Dynamic Routing for Sequence Encoding (C18-1)
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| Challenge: | Currently, little attention is paid to how to aggregate text sequences into fixed-size vectors. |
| Approach: | They propose an aggregation mechanism to obtain a fixed-size encoding with a dynamic routing policy. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method outperforms other aggregating methods on five text classification tasks. |
VisuoThink: Empowering LVLM Reasoning with Multimodal Tree Search (2025.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Existing approaches to large vision-language models fail to capture interleaved nature of human visual-verbal reasoning processes. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework that integrates visuospatial and linguistic domains to facilitate multimodal slow thinking by enabling progressive visual-textual reasoning. |
| Outcome: | Experiments show that VisuoThink significantly improves reasoning capabilities even without fine-tuning. |
KNN-Contrastive Learning for Out-of-Domain Intent Classification (2022.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods for OOD intent classification are limited to regions with compact or simply-connected features, which assumes no OOD intentions reside. |
| Approach: | They propose a method that uses k-nearest neighbors to learn discriminative semantic features that are more conducive to OOD detection. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method improves OOD detection performance while requiring no restrictions on feature distribution. |
Accelerating BERT Inference for Sequence Labeling via Early-Exit (2021.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Existing early-exit mechanisms are designed for sequence-level tasks, rather than sequence labeling. |
| Approach: | They propose to extend sentence-level early-exit to accelerate inference of PTMs . they propose a token-level mechanism that allows partial tokens to exit early at different layers . |
| Outcome: | The proposed approach can save up to 66%75% inference cost with minimal performance degradation. |
VehicleWorld: A Highly Integrated Multi-Device Environment for Intelligent Vehicle Interaction (2025.findings-emnlp)
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Jie Yang, Jiajun Chen, Zhangyue Yin, Shuo Chen, Yuxin Wang, Yiran Guo, Yuan Li, Yining Zheng, Xuanjing Huang, Xipeng Qiu
| Challenge: | Traditional Function Calling (FC) approaches operate statelessly, requiring multiple exploratory calls to build environmental awareness before execution, leading to inefficiency and limited error recovery. |
| Approach: | They propose a state-based function call approach that maintains explicit system state awareness and implements direct state transitions to achieve target conditions. |
| Outcome: | The proposed approach outperforms traditional function calling approaches, achieving superior execution accuracy and reduced latency. |
AdaLomo: Low-memory Optimization with Adaptive Learning Rate (2024.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Large language models require substantial memory for training, thereby setting a high hardware threshold. |
| Approach: | They propose a low-memory optimization technique that reduces memory footprint . they propose an adaptive learning rate for each parameter and a grouped update normalization to stabilize convergence . |
| Outcome: | The proposed low-memory optimization performs better than the prevailing algorithm for large language models, AdamW. |
FiNE: Filtering and Improving Noisy Data Elaborately with Large Language Models (2025.naacl-long)
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| Challenge: | Currently, there are two mainstream methods for improving data integrity: data filtering and data augmentation. |
| Approach: | They propose a method to improve data integrity by combining data filtering and data augmentation with LLMs. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method surpasses the open-source chat version on HalluQA by 8.45 on the open source version. |
Searching for Effective Neural Extractive Summarization: What Works and What’s Next (P19-1)
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| Challenge: | Recent years have seen success in the use of deep neural networks on text summarization, but there is no clear understanding of why they perform so well or how they might be improved. |
| Approach: | They propose to use different types of model architectures to improve extractive summarization systems. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework achieves state-of-the-art on CNN/DailyMail by a large margin based on observations and analysis. |
Towards Open Environment Intent Prediction (2023.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Out-of-Domain (OOD) Intent Classification and New Intent Discovering are two tasks in the Task-Oriented Dialogue System. |
| Approach: | They propose a task paradigm to extend Out-of-Domain (OOD) Intent Classification and New Intent Discovering tasks in the Task-Oriented Dialogue System. |
| Outcome: | The proposed scheme improves on existing OOD intent classification and discovery datasets. |
ARISE: An Adaptive Resolution-Aware Metric for Test-Time Scaling Evaluation in Large Reasoning Models (2026.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Existing evaluation methods for test-time scaling are limited. |
| Approach: | They propose an adaptive resolution-aware scaling evaluation metric specifically designed to assess the test-time scaling effectiveness of large reasoning models. |
| Outcome: | The proposed metric provides a reliable and fine-grained measurement of test-time scaling capabilities, revealing significant variations in scaling efficiency across models. |
Investigating Glyph-Phonetic Information for Chinese Spell Checking: What Works and What’s Next? (2023.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Pre-trained Chinese language models have shown impressive performance on a wide range of NLP tasks, but the generalization ability of these models has not been well understood. |
| Approach: | They propose to use glyph-phonetic information to improve Chinese spell checking models . they propose a new, more challenging, and practical setting for testing the generalizability of CSC models. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model incorporates glyph-phonetic information and is more challenging and practical. |
SpeechGPT: Empowering Large Language Models with Intrinsic Cross-Modal Conversational Abilities (2023.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | Existing multi-modal large language models typically adopt the cascade paradigm, preventing inter-modal knowledge transfer. |
| Approach: | They propose a large language model with intrinsic cross-modal conversational abilities . they construct a cross-text speech instruction dataset and employ a three-stage training strategy . |
| Outcome: | The proposed model can follow cross-modal human instructions and handle multiple modalities with one model. |
LLM can Achieve Self-Regulation via Hyperparameter Aware Generation (2024.findings-acl)
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Siyin Wang, Shimin Li, Tianxiang Sun, Jinlan Fu, Qinyuan Cheng, Jiasheng Ye, Junjie Ye, Xipeng Qiu, Xuanjing Huang
| Challenge: | Existing decoding strategies and hyperparameters may not be optimal for each sample. |
| Approach: | They propose a model that auto-regulates decoding strategies and hyperparameters . this approach eliminates the need for extensive manual tuning, they argue . |
| Outcome: | The proposed model eliminates the need for extensive manual tuning, offering a more autonomous, self-regulate model behavior. |
Coarse-to-Fine: Hierarchical Multi-task Learning for Natural Language Understanding (2022.coling-1)
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Zhaoye Fei, Yu Tian, Yongkang Wu, Xinyu Zhang, Yutao Zhu, Zheng Liu, Jiawen Wu, Dejiang Kong, Ruofei Lai, Zhao Cao, Zhicheng Dou, Xipeng Qiu
| Challenge: | Existing methods to learn downstream tasks by stitches skill block lack rationality and interpretation. |
| Approach: | They propose a hierarchical framework with a coarse-to-fine paradigm for generalized text representations from the large-scale corpus. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model learns basic language properties from all tasks and boosts performance on relevant tasks. |
Is MultiWOZ a Solved Task? An Interactive TOD Evaluation Framework with User Simulator (2022.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | Task-oriented dialogue systems are drawing more attention in recent studies . current evaluation methods use annotated utterances in multi-turn dialogue sessions . |
| Approach: | They propose an interactive evaluation framework for task-oriented dialogue (TOD) they build a goal-oriented user simulator based on pre-trained models and use it to generate dialogues . |
| Outcome: | The proposed evaluation framework achieves 98% inform and success rates in the multi-woz dataset and the proposed scores measure the response quality besides the inform and successful rates. |
Pre-training with Meta Learning for Chinese Word Segmentation (2021.naacl-main)
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| Challenge: | Recent studies show that pre-trained models are beneficial to Chinese Word Segmentation (CWS). However, these models lack task-specific prior segmentation knowledge. |
| Approach: | They propose a pre-trained Chinese word segmentation model MetaSeg which incorporates meta learning into a multi-criteria pre-training task. |
| Outcome: | Empirical results show that MetaSeg can achieve new state-of-the-art performance on twelve widely-used CWS datasets and significantly improve model performance in low-resource settings. |
F-Eval: Asssessing Fundamental Abilities with Refined Evaluation Methods (2024.acl-long)
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Yu Sun, Keyuchen Keyuchen, Shujie Wang, Peiji Li, Qipeng Guo, Hang Yan, Xipeng Qiu, Xuanjing Huang, Dahua Lin
| Challenge: | Large language models (LLMs) have been evaluated for their instruction-following capabilities but lack references to their fundamental abilities. |
| Approach: | They propose a bilingual evaluation benchmark to evaluate the fundamental abilities of large language models including expression, commonsense and logic. |
| Outcome: | The proposed evaluation methods show higher correlation coefficients and larger distinction than other evaluators. |
BERT-ATTACK: Adversarial Attack Against BERT Using BERT (2020.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Current approaches to generate adversarial samples for discrete data are heuristic replacement strategies that are difficult to implement in continuous data. |
| Approach: | They propose a method to generate adversarial samples using pre-trained masked language models using BERT. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art methods in success rate and perturb percentage while remaining fluent and semantically preserved. |
Perceive the Passage of Time: A Systematic Evaluation of Large Language Model in Temporal Relativity (2025.coling-main)
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| Challenge: | Temporal perception is crucial for Large Language Models to understand the world. |
| Approach: | They propose a temporal-relative ability benchmark to evaluate LLMs' temporal perception . they conduct extensive experiments on popular LLM GPT-4 scenarios . |
| Outcome: | The proposed benchmarks show a significant performance gap between LLMs and humans in temporal-relative capability. |
MoT: Memory-of-Thought Enables ChatGPT to Self-Improve (2023.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown impressive abilities on various tasks. however, fundamentally improving them depends on high-quality datasets or computationally expensive fine-tuning. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework to let Large Language Models self-improve without annotated datasets or parameter updates. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework can help ChatGPT significantly improve its abilities in arithmetic reasoning, commonsense reasoning, factual reasoning, and natural language inference. |
QMSum: A New Benchmark for Query-based Multi-domain Meeting Summarization (2021.naacl-main)
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Ming Zhong, Da Yin, Tao Yu, Ahmad Zaidi, Mutethia Mutuma, Rahul Jha, Ahmed Hassan Awadallah, Asli Celikyilmaz, Yang Liu, Xipeng Qiu, Dragomir Radev
| Challenge: | Existing work on meeting summarization tasks is limited to short summaries that cover all the content of a meeting. |
| Approach: | They propose a query-based multi-domain meeting summarization task that generates a single short summary of meetings based on a transcript. |
| Outcome: | The proposed task is based on 1,808 query-summary pairs over 232 meetings in multiple domains. |
R3-RAG: Learning Step-by-Step Reasoning and Retrieval for LLMs via Reinforcement Learning (2025.findings-emnlp)
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Yuan Li, Qi Luo, Xiaonan Li, Bufan Li, Qinyuan Cheng, Bo Wang, Yining Zheng, Yuxin Wang, Zhangyue Yin, Xipeng Qiu
| Challenge: | RAG systems that integrate external knowledge with Large Language Models often become bottlenecks due to their limited parameters compared to LLMs and their inability to perform step-by-step reasoning. |
| Approach: | They propose a model that integrates external knowledge with Large Language Models to enhance factual correctness and mitigate hallucination. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms baselines and can transfer well to different retrievers. |
Dual Cache for Long Document Neural Coreference Resolution (2023.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Recent studies show the effectiveness of cache-based neural coreference resolution models on long documents. |
| Approach: | They propose a hybrid cache that integrates two eviction policies to capture global and local entities separately and improves F1 score of coreference by 0.7 5.7pt. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms existing models on four benchmarks while saving up to 83% of inference time. |
Dialogue Meaning Representation for Task-Oriented Dialogue Systems (2022.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | Existing work on dialogue meaning representations is limited in scalability for complex expressions. |
| Approach: | They propose a pliable and easily extendable representation for task-oriented dialogue . they propose an inheritance hierarchy mechanism focusing on domain extensibility . |
| Outcome: | The proposed representation can be easily extended to a task-oriented dialogue dataset. |
Benchmarking Hallucination in Large Language Models Based on Unanswerable Math Word Problem (2024.lrec-main)
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| Challenge: | Large language models (LLMs) are highly effective in various natural language processing tasks, but can produce unreliable conjectures in ambiguous contexts, which is known as hallucination. |
| Approach: | They propose a method to evaluate LLM hallucination in Question Answering based on the unanswerable math word problem (UMWP) . they combine text similarity and mathematical expression detection to determine whether LLM considers the question unanswered. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method combines text similarity and mathematical expression detection to determine whether the LLM considers the question unanswerable. |
Style Transformer: Unpaired Text Style Transfer without Disentangled Latent Representation (P19-1)
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| Challenge: | Disentangling the content and style in the latent space is prevalent in text style transfer . recurrent neural networks (RNN) based encoder and decoder cannot deal with the long-term dependency . |
| Approach: | They propose a style transformer which disentangles style information in latent space . they propose encoding and decoding methods that disentangle style information . |
| Outcome: | The proposed method can achieve better style transfer and better content preservation. |
PerturbScore: Connecting Discrete and Continuous Perturbations in NLP (2023.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | Natural language processing (NLP) applications are growing rapidly due to discrete nature of texts. |
| Approach: | They propose to connect discrete perturbations with continuous perturbations to help understand discrete ones in NLP models. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method surpasses methods used in discrete perturbation measuring and can be generalized to different datasets, perturbation methods. |
GAOKAO-MM: A Chinese Human-Level Benchmark for Multimodal Models Evaluation (2024.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Existing datasets focus on primary perception abilities and commonsense knowledge, or have low level of text comprehension difficulty, which are insufficient to reflect comprehensive capabilities of large vision-language models. |
| Approach: | They propose a multimodal benchmark based on the Chinese College Entrance Examination (GAOKAO) which sets human-level requirements for the model’s abilities, including perception, understanding, knowledge and reasoning. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model derives from native Chinese context and sets human-level requirements for its abilities, including perception, understanding, knowledge and reasoning. |
Extractive Summarization as Text Matching (2020.acl-main)
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| Challenge: | Currently, most of the neural extractive summarization systems score and extract sentences individually and model the relationship between sentences. |
| Approach: | They propose to instantiate a neural extractive summarization task as a semantic text matching problem and use it to match a source document and candidate summaries in a semantic space. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework is faster and more efficient than existing frameworks. |
A Closer Look at Data Bias in Neural Extractive Summarization Models (D19-54)
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| Challenge: | In this paper, we examine the generalization behaviour of summarization models . we propose several properties of datasets that matter for generalization . |
| Approach: | They propose several properties of datasets which matter for generalization of summarization models. |
| Outcome: | The proposed approach improves the state-of-the-art model by rethinking the model design process on a typical dataset. |
CoLAKE: Contextualized Language and Knowledge Embedding (2020.coling-main)
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| Challenge: | Existing models for integrating factual knowledge into pre-trained language models are shallow, static, and separately pre-train entities. |
| Approach: | They propose a method which integrates knowledge contexts from large-scale knowledge bases into a unified data structure. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms existing models on knowledge-driven tasks and knowledge probing tasks. |
Improving Abstractive Dialogue Summarization with Speaker-Aware Supervised Contrastive Learning (2022.coling-1)
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| Challenge: | Existing summarization systems based on pre-trained models cannot recognize the unique format of the speaker-utterance pair well in the dialogue. |
| Approach: | They propose three speaker-aware supervised contrastive learning tasks to solve the speaker identification problem in dialogue summarization task. |
| Outcome: | The proposed methods improve on two mainstream dialogue summarization datasets. |
DiffusionBERT: Improving Generative Masked Language Models with Diffusion Models (2023.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Existing generative masked language models have a shared training objective, i.e., denoising. |
| Approach: | They propose a noise schedule for the forward diffusion process that controls the degree of noise added at each step based on the information of each token. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model improves on existing models in terms of perplexity and BLEU score. |
Calibrating the Confidence of Large Language Models by Eliciting Fidelity (2024.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Large language models with RLHF and RLAIF have good alignment but exhibit overconfidence post-alignment. |
| Approach: | They propose a plug-and-play method to estimate the confidence of large language models. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method has shown good calibration performance on 6 RLHF-LMs on four MCQA datasets. |
“Is Whole Word Masking Always Better for Chinese BERT?”: Probing on Chinese Grammatical Error Correction (2022.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | a Chinese model with whole word masking has no subword because each token is an atomic character. |
| Approach: | They propose to use whole word masking to mask all subwords corresponding to a word at once . they ask models to revise or insert tokens in a masked language modeling manner . |
| Outcome: | The proposed model performs better when one character is inserted or replaced . the model trained with standard character-level masking performs best when one token is masked . |
Star-Transformer (N19-1)
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| Challenge: | Existing models with fully-connected attention connections are heavy and require large training data. |
| Approach: | They propose a lightweight alternative to the Transformer by sparsifying the fully-connected structure with a star-shaped topology. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model achieves significant performance improvements on 22 datasets on four tasks. |
VCWE: Visual Character-Enhanced Word Embeddings (N19-1)
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| Challenge: | Currently, word embeddings are playing a pivotal role in many natural language processing tasks. |
| Approach: | They propose a model to learn Chinese word embeddings via three-level composition . they use convolutional neural network to extract intra-character compositionality from character shape . |
| Outcome: | The proposed model performs better on word similarity, sentiment analysis, named entity recognition and part-of-speech tagging tasks. |
Multitask Pre-training of Modular Prompt for Chinese Few-Shot Learning (2023.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Prompt tuning is a parameter-efficient approach to adapting pre-trained language models to downstream tasks. |
| Approach: | They propose to combine pre-trained modules with pre-trains to boost prompt tuning for few-shot learning. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms prompt tuning, full model tuning, and prior prompt pre-training methods in few-shot learning settings. |
CoLLiE: Collaborative Training of Large Language Models in an Efficient Way (2023.emnlp-demo)
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Kai Lv, Shuo Zhang, Tianle Gu, Shuhao Xing, Jiawei Hong, Keyu Chen, Xiaoran Liu, Yuqing Yang, Honglin Guo, Tengxiao Liu, Yu Sun, Qipeng Guo, Hang Yan, Xipeng Qiu
| Challenge: | Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly pivotal in a wide range of tasks . however, the resources required for training these models necessitate efficient solutions . |
| Approach: | They propose a library that facilitates collaborative training of large language models . they use 3D parallelism, parameter-efficient fine-tuning methods and optimizers . |
| Outcome: | The proposed library has proven superior training efficiency in comparison with prevalent solutions in pre-training and fine-tuning scenarios. |
CoLo: A Contrastive Learning Based Re-ranking Framework for One-Stage Summarization (2022.coling-1)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods for extractive and abstractive summarization use token-level or sentence-level training objectives. |
| Approach: | They propose a Contrastive Learning based re-ranking framework for one-stage summarization called CoLo. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework boosts extractive and abstractive results on CNN/DailyMail benchmarks while maintaining inference efficiency. |
ABC-Bench: Benchmarking Agentic Backend Coding in Real-World Development (2026.findings-acl)
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Jie Yang, Honglin Guo, Li Ji, Jiazheng Zhou, Rui Zheng, Zhikai Lei, Shuo Zhang, Zhiheng Xi, Shichun Liu, Yuxin Wang, Bo Wang, Yining Zheng, Tao Gui, Xipeng Qiu
| Challenge: | Large Language Models (LLMs) have redefined the role of AI in software engineering . current benchmarks focus on localized code generation, but neglect dynamic, full-process requirements of real-world engineering. |
| Approach: | They propose a benchmark to evaluate agentic backend coding within a realistic, executable workflow. |
| Outcome: | The ABC-Bench benchmark evaluates agentic backend coding within a realistic, executable workflow. |
GlossBERT: BERT for Word Sense Disambiguation with Gloss Knowledge (D19-1)
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| Challenge: | Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) aims to find the exact sense of an ambiguous word in a particular context. |
| Approach: | They propose to integrate gloss knowledge into supervised neural networks for Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) this paper proposes to fine-tune a pre-trained BERT model and achieve new state-of-the-art results on WSD task. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model achieves state-of-the-art on the word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) task. |
CodeRetriever: A Large Scale Contrastive Pre-Training Method for Code Search (2022.emnlp-main)
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Xiaonan Li, Yeyun Gong, Yelong Shen, Xipeng Qiu, Hang Zhang, Bolun Yao, Weizhen Qi, Daxin Jiang, Weizhu Chen, Nan Duan
| Challenge: | Existing code pre-training approaches often adopt (masked) language modeling as the training objective which targets on learning to predict (macked) tokens in a given code context. |
| Approach: | They propose a code-text contrastive learning model which learns function-level code semantic representations through large-scale code corpus. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model achieves new state-of-the-art with significant improvement over existing pre-trained models on eleven domain/language-specific code search tasks with six programming languages in different code granularity. |
Towards Economical Inference: Enabling DeepSeek’s Multi-Head Latent Attention in Any Transformer-based LLMs (2025.acl-long)
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Tao Ji, Bin Guo, Yuanbin Wu, Qipeng Guo, Shenlixing Shenlixing, Chenzhan Chenzhan, Xipeng Qiu, Qi Zhang, Tao Gui
| Challenge: | Multi-head Latent Attention (MLA) is an innovative architecture designed to ensure efficient and economical inference by significantly compressing the Key-Value (KV) cache into a latent vector. |
| Approach: | They propose a data-efficient fine-tuning method for transitioning from MHA to MLA using a latent vector cache. |
| Outcome: | The proposed architecture reduces the KV cache size of Llama2-7B by 92.19%, with only 1% drop in LongBench performance. |
Soft-Labeled Contrastive Pre-Training for Function-Level Code Representation (2022.findings-emnlp)
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Xiaonan Li, Daya Guo, Yeyun Gong, Yun Lin, Yelong Shen, Xipeng Qiu, Daxin Jiang, Weizhu Chen, Nan Duan
| Challenge: | Existing methods for contrastive pre-training ignore the relevance between codes in large code corpus. |
| Approach: | They propose a Soft-labeled contrastive pre-training framework with positive sample construction methods to learn functional-level code representation. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework can obtain fine-grained soft-labels through an iterative adversarial manner and use them to learn better code representation. |
Unified Active Retrieval for Retrieval Augmented Generation (2024.findings-emnlp)
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Qinyuan Cheng, Xiaonan Li, Shimin Li, Qin Zhu, Zhangyue Yin, Yunfan Shao, Linyang Li, Tianxiang Sun, Hang Yan, Xipeng Qiu
| Challenge: | Existing active retrieval methods struggle with handling various types of instructions. |
| Approach: | They propose a unified active retrieval framework for retrieval-augmented generation . they propose to combine four orthogonal criteria into plug-and-play classification tasks . |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework outperforms existing methods on four representative types of user instructions on four types of instructions. |
fastHan: A BERT-based Multi-Task Toolkit for Chinese NLP (2021.acl-demo)
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| Challenge: | Recently, the need for Chinese natural language processing (NLP) has a dramatic increase for many downstream applications. |
| Approach: | They propose to use Chinese word segmentation (CWS), Part-of-Speech (POS) tagging, named entity recognition (NER), and dependency parsing to train a multi-task model based on a pruned BERT. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model performs better than popular segmentation tools on a non-training corpus. |
UTC-IE: A Unified Token-pair Classification Architecture for Information Extraction (2023.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Information Extraction (IE) tasks have been solved with different models because of their output structures. |
| Approach: | They propose a Unified Token-pair Classification architecture for Information Extraction that introduces Plusformer on top of the token-pear feature matrix. |
| Outcome: | The proposed approach outperforms task-specific and unified models on all tasks in 10 datasets and achieves better results on 2 joint IE datasets. |
Utilizing BERT for Aspect-Based Sentiment Analysis via Constructing Auxiliary Sentence (N19-1)
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| Challenge: | Sentiment analysis (SA) is a computational task that aims to identify opinion polarity towards a specific aspect. |
| Approach: | They propose to convert ABSA into a sentence-pair classification task such as question answering and natural language inference. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model is fine-tuned and achieves state-of-the-art on SentiHood and SemEval-2014 datasets. |
VRPO: Rethinking Value Modeling for Robust RL under Noisy Supervision in LLM Post-Training (2026.acl-long)
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Dingwei Zhu, Shihan Dou, Zhiheng Xi, Senjie Jin, Guoqiang Zhang, Jiazheng Zhang, Junjie Ye, Mingxu Chai, Enyu Zhou, Ming Zhang, Yuhui Wang, Caishuang Huang, Chenhao Huang, Yunke Zhang, Yuran Wang, Tao Gui, Qi Zhang, Xipeng Qiu, Xuanjing Huang
| Challenge: | Reinforcement Learning (RL) in real-world environments often suffers from ambiguous or incomplete supervision. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework that enhances value modeling for robust RL in LLM post-training by integrating auxiliary losses guided by entropy and perplexity from a frozen language model and variational information bottleneck. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework outperforms baselines on multi-turn dialogue, math reasoning, and science QA with rule-based and model-based rewards. |
Are Factuality Checkers Reliable? Adversarial Meta-evaluation of Factuality in Summarization (2021.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | Despite the progress of factual evaluation methods, they are limited in their opacity and lack the ability to assess the factuality of the summaries. |
| Approach: | They propose to use a meta-evaluation methodology to diagnose the fine-grained strengths and weaknesses of 6 existing top-performing metrics over 24 diagnostic test datasets. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method diagnoses the strengths and weaknesses of 6 existing top-performing metrics over 24 diagnostic test datasets and searches for directions for further improvement by data augmentation. |
Late Prompt Tuning: A Late Prompt Could Be Better Than Many Prompts (2022.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | Prompt tuning is parameter-efficient but lags behind other state-of-the-art methods. |
| Approach: | They propose a parameter-efficient tuning method that only optimizes a soft prompt to adapt PTMs to downstream tasks. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method is parameter-efficient but lags behind other state-of-the-art methods. |
Plan, Verify and Switch: Integrated Reasoning with Diverse X-of-Thoughts (2023.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods for large language models (LLMs) have been used to prompt different reasoning thoughts, such as Chain of Thought and Program of Though. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework that prompts large language models with diverse reasoning thoughts by iterating between different prompting methods. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework is able to generate multiple reasoning thoughts in 10 popular math reasoning datasets and is orthogonal to recent work that makes improvements on single reasoning methods and can generalise to logical reasoning domain. |
CritiQ: Mining Data Quality Criteria from Human Preferences (2025.acl-long)
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Honglin Guo, Kai Lv, Qipeng Guo, Tianyi Liang, Zhiheng Xi, Demin Song, Qiuyinzhe Zhang, Yu Sun, Kai Chen, Xipeng Qiu, Tao Gui
| Challenge: | Existing methods to train language models rely on manual design, perplexity, or careful prompt engineering. |
| Approach: | They propose a method that automatically mines criteria from human preferences for data quality with only 30 human-annotated pairs and performs efficient data selection. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method improves on human-annotated test sets and shows high accuracy on code, math, and logic domains. |
UnifiedVisual: A Framework for Constructing Unified Vision-Language Datasets (2025.emnlp-main)
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Pengyu Wang, Shaojun Zhou, Chenkun Tan, Xinghao Wang, Wei Huang, Zhen Ye, Zhaowei Li, Botian Jiang, Dong Zhang, Xipeng Qiu
| Challenge: | Existing datasets address understanding and generation in isolation, limiting the performance of unified vision large language models. |
| Approach: | They propose a dataset that facilitates mutual enhancement between multimodal understanding and generation. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework integrates diverse visual and textual inputs and outputs, enabling comprehensive cross-modal reasoning and precise text-to-image alignment. |
Are LLMs Rational Investors? A Study on the Financial Bias in LLMs (2025.findings-acl)
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Yuhang Zhou, Yuchen Ni, Zhiheng Xi, Zhangyue Yin, Yu He, Gan Yunhui, Xiang Liu, Zhang Jian, Sen Liu, Xipeng Qiu, Yixin Cao, Guangnan Ye, Hongfeng Chai
| Challenge: | Existing studies on biases within specific domains, such as finance, remain limited. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework to detect, detect, analyze and mitigate financial biases in large language models. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework reduces bias by 68% for the most biased model, according to key metrics. |
Backdoor Attacks on Pre-trained Models by Layerwise Weight Poisoning (2021.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Pre-trained models can be maliciously poisoned with certain triggers, causing a security threat. |
| Approach: | They propose a stronger weight poisoning attack method that introduces a layerwise weight poison strategy to plant deeper backdoors. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method can be widely applied and provide hints for future models robustness studies. |
R3-NL2GQL: A Model Coordination and Knowledge Graph Alignment Approach for NL2GQL (2024.findings-emnlp)
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Yuhang Zhou, Yu He, Siyu Tian, Yuchen Ni, Zhangyue Yin, Xiang Liu, Chuanjun Ji, Sen Liu, Xipeng Qiu, Guangnan Ye, Hongfeng Chai
| Challenge: | Adapting existing approaches for converting natural language to SQL encounters hurdles due to distinct nature of GQL compared to SQL. |
| Approach: | They propose a method that integrates both small and large Foundation Models for ranking, rewriting, and refining tasks. |
| Outcome: | The proposed approach integrates both small and large Foundation Models for ranking, rewriting, and refining tasks while capitalizing on the superior generalization and query generation prowess of larger models for the final transformation of natural language queries into GQL formats. |
Scaling Laws for Fact Memorization of Large Language Models (2024.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | Fact knowledge memorization is crucial for Large Language Models (LLMs) to generate factual and reliable responses. |
| Approach: | They analyze scaling laws for LLM’s fact knowledge and LLMs’ behaviors of memorizing different types of facts. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model can generalize on unseen facts and its scaling law is similar to general pre-training. |
TextFlint: Unified Multilingual Robustness Evaluation Toolkit for Natural Language Processing (2021.acl-demo)
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Xiao Wang, Qin Liu, Tao Gui, Qi Zhang, Yicheng Zou, Xin Zhou, Jiacheng Ye, Yongxin Zhang, Rui Zheng, Zexiong Pang, Qinzhuo Wu, Zhengyan Li, Chong Zhang, Ruotian Ma, Zichu Fei, Ruijian Cai, Jun Zhao, Xingwu Hu, Zhiheng Yan, Yiding Tan, Yuan Hu, Qiyuan Bian, Zhihua Liu, Shan Qin, Bolin Zhu, Xiaoyu Xing, Jinlan Fu, Yue Zhang, Minlong Peng, Xiaoqing Zheng, Yaqian Zhou, Zhongyu Wei, Xipeng Qiu, Xuanjing Huang
| Challenge: | Existing approaches to textual robustness evaluation focus on slightly modifying the input data, which maintains the original meaning and results in a different prediction. |
| Approach: | They propose a multilingual robustness evaluation toolkit for NLP that integrates universal text transformations, task-specific transformations and adversarial attack. |
| Outcome: | The toolkit includes universal text transformation, task-specific transformation, adversarial attack, subpopulation, and their combinations to provide comprehensive robustness analyses. |
Aggregation of Reasoning: A Hierarchical Framework for Enhancing Answer Selection in Large Language Models (2024.lrec-main)
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Zhangyue Yin, Qiushi Sun, Qipeng Guo, Zhiyuan Zeng, Xiaonan Li, Tianxiang Sun, Cheng Chang, Qinyuan Cheng, Ding Wang, Xiaofeng Mou, Xipeng Qiu, Xuanjing Huang
| Challenge: | Recent advances in Chain-of-Thought prompting have facilitated significant breakthroughs for Large Language Models (LLMs) in complex reasoning tasks. |
| Approach: | They propose a hierarchical reasoning aggregation framework to address this problem . they propose dynamic sampling to adjust the number of reasoning chains . |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework outperforms existing ensemble methods on complex reasoning tasks. |
Case2Code: Scalable Synthetic Data for Code Generation (2025.coling-main)
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Yunfan Shao, Linyang Li, Yichuan Ma, Peiji Li, Demin Song, Qinyuan Cheng, Shimin Li, Xiaonan Li, Pengyu Wang, Qipeng Guo, Hang Yan, Xipeng Qiu, Xuanjing Huang, Dahua Lin
| Challenge: | Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown outstanding breakthroughs in code generation. |
| Approach: | They propose a case-to-code induction task that exploits the expressiveness and correctness of programs by incorporating LLMs into their training. |
| Outcome: | The proposed task improves distribution case-to-code induction and various coding generation tasks. |
CodeIE: Large Code Generation Models are Better Few-Shot Information Extractors (2023.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Large language models pre-trained on massive corpora have shown impressive few-shot learning ability on many NLP tasks. |
| Approach: | They propose to recast structured output in the form of code instead of natural language and use generative LLMs of code to perform IE tasks. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method outperforms fine-tuning moderate-size pre-trained models and prompting NL-LLMs under few-shot settings. |
Making Large Language Models Better Reasoners with Orchestrated Streaming Experiences (2024.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Recent studies show that large language models can perform complex reasoning tasks without labeled data and unlabeled data. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework for solving reasoning tasks that store answers in a streaming experience pool and orchestrate helpful questions from the pool to assist itself in answering new questions. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework can self-improve as it answers reasoning questions . it stores all answered reasoning questions and their reasoning steps in a streaming experience pool . |
Enhancing EEG-to-Text Decoding through Transferable Representations from Pre-trained Contrastive EEG-Text Masked Autoencoder (2024.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | EEG-based language decoding is still in its nascent stages, despite promising applications in brain-computer interfaces. |
| Approach: | They propose a novel EEG-text Masked Autoencoder that orchestrates compound self-supervised learning across and within EEG and text through a dedicated multi-stream encoder. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms baseline framework in ROUGE-1 F1 and BLEU-4 scores and an LLM (specifically BART) to improve downstream tasks involving EEG and text. |
FLAT: Chinese NER Using Flat-Lattice Transformer (2020.acl-main)
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| Challenge: | Named entity recognition (NER) models are difficult to use because of the complex nature of the lattice structure and the low inference speed. |
| Approach: | They propose a character-word lattice structure that converts lattics into flat structures consisting of spans. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms other lexicon-based models on four datasets and is highly parallel. |
How to Mitigate Overfitting in Weak-to-strong Generalization? (2025.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Experimental results show that weak-to-strong generalization significantly improves PGR compared to naive weak- to-strong . superalignment refers to how humans can align models on tasks beyond human ability to evaluate . |
| Approach: | They propose a framework that elicits the capabilities of strong models through weak supervisors . they propose 'superalignment' to ensure that strong models align with supervisors' intentions . |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework significantly improves quality of supervision signals and quality of input questions compared to naive weak-to-strong generalization . |