Challenge: Experimental results show that backtranslation improves UNMT performance by reducing the data gap between training and inference.
Approach: They propose an online method to remedy the source discrepancy between training and inference . they use pseudo parallel data with translated source and translated target to mimic inference scenario .
Outcome: The proposed method outperforms baselines on several widely-used language pairs by remedying the style and content gaps.

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Challenge: Unsupervised neural machine translation models can generate mistakes during training . however, the quality of pseudo-parallel sentences cannot be guaranteed .
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Self-Training for Unsupervised Neural Machine Translation in Unbalanced Training Data Scenarios (2021.naacl-main)

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Challenge: Existing methods that use monolingual corpora for translation are not suitable for low-resource languages such as Estonian.
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Bridging the Gap between Training and Inference for Neural Machine Translation (P19-1)

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Challenge: Neural Machine Translation generates target words sequentially while at inference it has to generate the entire sequence from scratch.
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Advances and Challenges in Unsupervised Neural Machine Translation (2021.eacl-tutorials)

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Challenge: Unsupervised neural machine translation (UNMT) has achieved impressive results, but there are still several challenges for the technology.
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Understanding Back-Translation at Scale (D18-1)

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Challenge: An effective method to improve neural machine translation with monolingual data is to augment the parallel training corpus with back-translations of target language sentences.
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Challenge: Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves consistent improvements with faster convergence speed.
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A Simple Recipe towards Reducing Hallucination in Neural Surface Realisation (P19-1)

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Challenge: Recent neural language generation systems often hallucinate contents when trained on loosely corresponding pairs of the input structure and text.
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Tagged Back-translation Revisited: Why Does It Really Work? (2020.acl-main)

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Challenge: In this paper, we show that neural machine translation systems trained on large back-translated data overfit some of the characteristics of machine-transcribed texts.
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Unsupervised Bilingual Word Embedding Agreement for Unsupervised Neural Machine Translation (P19-1)

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Challenge: Unsupervised bilingual word embedding (UBWE) has helped unsupervised neural machine translation (UNMT) achieve remarkable results in several language pairs.
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