Papers by Hui Wang
Muse: Towards Reproducible Long-Form Song Generation with Fine-Grained Style Control (2026.findings-acl)
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Changhao Jiang, Jiahao Chen, Zhenghao Xiang, Zhixiong Yang, Hanchen Wang, Jiabao Zhuang, Xinmeng Che, Jiajun Sun, Hui Li, Yifei Cao, Shihan Dou, Ming Zhang, Junjie Ye, Tao Ji, Tao Gui, Qi Zhang, Xuanjing Huang
| Challenge: | Recent commercial systems such as Suno demonstrate strong capabilities in long-form song generation, but academic research remains non-reproducible due to the lack of publicly available training data. |
| Approach: | They propose a system for long-form song generation with fine-grained style conditioning that includes a licensed synthetic dataset and a song generation model, Muse. |
| Outcome: | The proposed system achieves competitive performance on phoneme error rate, text–music style similarity, and audio aesthetic quality while enabling controllable segment-level generation across different musical structures. |
Explicit Utilization of General Knowledge in Machine Reading Comprehension (P19-1)
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| Challenge: | Existing MRC models are unable to integrate general knowledge with human knowledge. |
| Approach: | They propose a data enrichment method which uses WordNet to extract inter-word semantic connections as general knowledge from each given passage-question pair. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms state-of-the-art models and is robust to noise. |
Safety Sidecar: Reflection-Driven Runtime Control for Safer Agents (2026.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Existing safety controls fail to provide runtime intervention or cross-architecture portability for autonomous LLM agents. |
| Approach: | They propose a model-agnostic, plug-and-play module to provide arbitrary agent safety control and auditability. |
| Outcome: | The proposed module improves the secure-solution rate by 2.9–11.2 percentage points . it adds only 3.2s to end-to-end latency and a negligible average cost of 5.37 10-4 per scenario . |
An Investigation of LLMs’ Inefficacy in Understanding Converse Relations (2023.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Existing benchmarks for Large Language Models (LLMs) follow the data distribution of pre-training data. |
| Approach: | They propose a benchmark ConvRe focusing on converse relations which contains 17 relations and 1240 triples extracted from popular knowledge graph completion datasets. |
| Outcome: | The proposed benchmark focuses on converse relations, which contains 17 relations and 1240 triples extracted from popular knowledge graph completion datasets. |
SecFormer: Fast and Accurate Privacy-Preserving Inference for Transformer Models via SMPC (2024.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | a growing number of cloud-based inference services are relying on SMPC to protect data privacy. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework for Privacy-Preserving Inference for Transformer models that eliminates exponential and maximum operations in PPI without sacrificing model performance. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework outperforms MPCFormer in terms of performance and efficiency . it is 3.57 and 3.58 times faster than PUMA for BERTBASE and BERTLARGE . |
DAFNet: Dynamic Auxiliary Fusion for Sequential Model Editing in Large Language Models (2024.findings-acl)
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Taolin Zhang, Qizhou Chen, Dongyang Li, Chengyu Wang, Xiaofeng He, Longtao Huang, Hui Xue’, Jun Huang
| Challenge: | Large language models (LLMs) have shown impressive results, but still suffer from hallucination, i.e., the generation of false information. |
| Approach: | They propose a task of sequential model editing that aims to rectify mistakes continuously. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method significantly outperforms baselines in single-turn and sequential editing. |
RFS-Guard: Detecting Reasoning Hallucinations via Cross-Phase Routing Focus in Large Reasoning Models (2026.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Large reasoning models (LRMs) generate intermediate reasoning traces before the final answer, yet they remain vulnerable to reasoning hallucinations such as subtle arithmetic errors. |
| Approach: | They propose a Routing Focus Score (RFS) that measures how strongly cross-step attention routing aligns with semantic proximity derived from hidden-state cosine similarity. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework detects and localizes hallucinations without external tools or repeated sampling. |
Gradient Consistency-based Parameter Allocation for Multilingual Neural Machine Translation (2024.lrec-main)
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| Challenge: | Multilingual neural machine translation models are often prone to parameter interference . a common problem is that the model compromises with the language diversity to find a solution . |
| Approach: | They propose a method that allocates parameters based on consistency between the gradients of the individual language and the average gradient. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method reduces parameter interference and improves translation quality. |
LRMM: Learning to Recommend with Missing Modalities (D18-1)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods for content-based recommendation with missing or corrupted modalities are lacking in learning multimodal models. |
| Approach: | They propose a multimodal multimodal autoencoder that learns multimodal representations for complementing and imputing missing modalities. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework achieves state-of-the-art performance on rating prediction tasks and is more robust to previous methods in alleviating data-sparsity and the cold-start problem. |
Revisiting Data Reconstruction Attacks on Real-world Dataset for Federated Natural Language Understanding (2024.lrec-main)
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Zhuo Zhang, Jintao Huang, Xiangjing Hu, Jingyuan Zhang, Yating Zhang, Hui Wang, Yue Yu, Qifan Wang, Lizhen Qu, Zenglin Xu
| Challenge: | Existing DRA methods fail to accurately recover the original text of real-world privacy data. |
| Approach: | They propose to use a real-world privacy dataset to examine the performance of federated learning (FL) methods. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method improves on a real-world privacy dataset and shows that the tokens within a recovery sentence are disordered and intertwined with tokens from other sentences in the same training batch. |
Turning the Tide: Repository-based Code Reflection (2025.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | Code large language models (LLMs) enhance programming by understanding and generating code across languages. |
| Approach: | a new benchmark evaluates code understanding and generation in repositories using code large language models. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model improves code understanding and generation in repositories by evaluating 1,888 test cases across 6 programming languages. |
KEHRL: Learning Knowledge-Enhanced Language Representations with Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning (2024.lrec-main)
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| Challenge: | General pre-trained language models (PLMs) leverage relation triples from knowledge graphs (KGs) and integrate external data sources into language models via self-supervised learning. |
| Approach: | They propose to learn Knowledge-Enhanced language representations with Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning (KEHRL) to detect positions for knowledge injection and integrate external knowledge into the model to avoid injecting inaccurate or irrelevant knowledge. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model can detect essential positions in texts for knowledge injection and integrate external knowledge into the model to avoid injecting inaccurate or irrelevant knowledge. |
Attn-GS: Attention-Guided Context Compression for Efficient Personalized LLMs (2026.acl-long)
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Shenglai Zeng, Tianqi Zheng, Chuan Tian, Dante Everaert, Yau-Shian Wang, Yupin Huang, Michael J. Morais, Rohit Patki, Jinjin Tian, Xinnan Dai, Kai Guo, Monica Xiao Cheng, Hui Liu
| Challenge: | Existing approaches to personalize large language models (LLMs) rely on heuristic methods to compress user profiles but they ignore how LLMs process and prioritize different profile components. |
| Approach: | They propose an attention-guided context compression framework that leverages attention feedback from a marking model to mark important personalization sentences and guides a compression model to generate task-relevant compressed user contexts. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework outperforms baselines across tasks, token limits, and settings while reducing token usage by 50 times. |
Simple and Effective Curriculum Pointer-Generator Networks for Reading Comprehension over Long Narratives (P19-1)
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Yi Tay, Shuohang Wang, Anh Tuan Luu, Jie Fu, Minh C. Phan, Xingdi Yuan, Jinfeng Rao, Siu Cheung Hui, Aston Zhang
| Challenge: | Using a pointer-generator framework for reading/sampling over large documents, we propose a framework for learning over long narratives where documents easily span over thousands of tokens. |
| Approach: | They propose a curriculum learning (CL) based pointer-generator framework for reading/sampling over large documents, enabling diverse training of the neural model based on the notion of alternating contextual difficulty. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework improves on the NarrativeQA reading comprehension benchmark and reaches state-of-the-art performance. |
Locate, Steer, and Improve: A Practical Survey of Actionable Mechanistic Interpretability in Large Language Models (2026.findings-acl)
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Hengyuan Zhang, Zhihao Zhang, Ercong Nie, Mingyang Wang, Zunhai Su, Yiwei Wang, Qianli Wang, Shuzhou Yuan, Xufeng Duan, Qibo Xue, Zeping Yu, Chenming Shang, Xiao Liang, Jing Xiong, Hui Shen, Chaofan Tao, Zhengwu Liu, Senjie Jin, Zhiheng Xi, Dongdong Zhang, Sophia Ananiadou, Tao Gui, Ruobing Xie, Hayden Kwok-Hay So, Hinrich Schuetze, Xuanjing Huang, Qi Zhang, Ngai Wong
| Challenge: | Existing literature on mechanistic interpretation (MI) treats it as an observational science, leaving practical applications underexplored. |
| Approach: | They propose a survey structured around the pipeline to identify and improve MI models. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework enables tangible improvements in Alignment, Capability, and Efficiency. |
Simple Recurrent Units for Highly Parallelizable Recurrence (D18-1)
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| Challenge: | recurrent neural networks scale poorly due to the intrinsic difficulty in parallelizing their state computations. |
| Approach: | They propose a simple recurrent unit that provides expressive recurrence and allows highly parallel implementation. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model achieves 5—9x speed-up over cuDNN-optimized LSTM on classification and question answering datasets and delivers stronger results than LS and convolutional models. |
GraCoRe: Benchmarking Graph Comprehension and Complex Reasoning in Large Language Models (2025.coling-main)
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| Challenge: | Existing benchmarks focus primarily on pure graph understanding, lacking a comprehensive evaluation across all graph types and detailed capability definitions. |
| Approach: | They propose a benchmark to evaluate LLMs' graph comprehension and reasoning abilities using a three-tier hierarchical taxonomy and a granular taxonomies. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model includes 11 datasets with 5,140 graphs of varying complexity. |
Exploring Cross-Lingual Transfer Learning with Unsupervised Machine Translation (2021.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | a new CLTL model is proposed to facilitate cross-linguistic transfer learning between distant languages . a key to CLTL is to learn a shared representation space for the given source-target language pair. |
| Approach: | They propose a new CLTL model that integrates machine translation with MT . they use an unannotated data technique to make use of the model's pre-training and fine-tuning . |
| Outcome: | The proposed model achieves better CLTL performance than the baseline model without more annotated data. |
Joint Intent Detection and Entity Linking on Spatial Domain Queries (2020.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | Spatial domain queries have unique properties making them more challenging for language understanding than common conversational queries. |
| Approach: | They propose a language understanding framework for spatial domain queries that jointly learns the intent detection and entity linking tasks on a voice assistant service. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework outperforms baseline methods with a significant margin. |
Do VLMs Have a Moral Backbone? A Study on the Fragile Morality of Vision-Language Models (2026.findings-acl)
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Zhining Liu, Tianyi Wang, Xiao Lin, Penghao Ouyang, Gaotang Li, Ze Yang, Hui Liu, Sumit Keswani, Vishwa Pardeshi, Huijun Zhao, Wei Fan, Hanghang Tong
| Challenge: | Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have advanced multimodal learning, driving progress in cross-modal reasoning. |
| Approach: | They propose to examine moral robustness of vision-language models by analyzing their moral stances under multimodal perturbations. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model-agnostic multimodal perturbations expose VLMs to a variety of moral vulnerabilities, including a sycophancy trade-off where stronger instruction-following models are more susceptible to persuasion. |
Towards Fine-Grained and Multi-Granular Contrastive Language-Speech Pre-training (2026.acl-long)
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Yifan Yang, Bing Han, Hui Wang, Wei Wang, Ziyang Ma, Long Zhou, Zengrui Jin, Guanrou Yang, Tianrui Wang, Xu Tan, Xie Chen
| Challenge: | Existing models for fine-grained speaking styles are limited in terms of accuracy, coverage, and naturalness. |
| Approach: | They propose a model that pre-trains with coarse captions and annotates with a pipeline that grounds captions in audio. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms existing models with fine-grained style annotations . it integrates global and fine-granular supervision, enabling unified representations based on the proposed model . |
Knowledge-Selective Pretraining for Attribute Value Extraction (2023.findings-emnlp)
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Hui Liu, Qingyu Yin, Zhengyang Wang, Chenwei Zhang, Haoming Jiang, Yifan Gao, Zheng Li, Xian Li, Chao Zhang, Bing Yin, William Wang, Xiaodan Zhu
| Challenge: | Existing methods for AVE are limited on rare attributes due to poor generalization ability. |
| Approach: | They propose to leverage pretraining and transfer learning to address weaknesses in existing methods. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method achieves new state-of-the-art performance without pretraining on rare attributes with limited training resources. |
A Multi-Agent Framework with Automated Decision Rule Optimization for Cross-Domain Misinformation Detection (2025.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods for misinformation detection are limited by domain knowledge and expert experience. |
| Approach: | They propose a Multi-Agent Framework for cross-domain misinformation detection with Automated Decision Rule Optimization (MARO) they first employ multiple expert agents to analyze target-domain news, then introduce a question-reflection mechanism that guides expert agents for higher-quality analysis. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework improves on a common dataset and shows that iteratively improves over existing methods. |
ChildMandarin: A Comprehensive Mandarin Speech Dataset for Young Children Aged 3-5 (2025.acl-long)
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Jiaming Zhou, Shiyao Wang, Shiwan Zhao, Jiabei He, Haoqin Sun, Hui Wang, Cheng Liu, Aobo Kong, Yujie Guo, Xi Yang, Yequan Wang, Yonghua Lin, Yong Qin
| Challenge: | Automatic speech recognition systems have advanced significantly with models like Whisper, Conformer, and self-supervised frameworks such as Wav2vec 2.0. |
| Approach: | They propose to use Mandarin speech datasets to analyze pronunciation and tone of children aged 3 to 5 and evaluate their models on speaker verification (SV) They find that the datasets are more robust than those used by adult speech recognition systems and are open-source and available for all academic purposes. |
| Outcome: | The proposed dataset includes 41.25 hours of speech with carefully crafted manual transcriptions, collected from 397 speakers across various provinces in China, with balanced gender representation. |
LDIR: Low-Dimensional Dense and Interpretable Text Embeddings with Relative Representations (2025.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Existing text embeddings with high dimensions are difficult to trace and interpret. |
| Approach: | They propose low-dimensional and interpretable text embeddings with relative representations that encode semantic meanings in a vector space where similar texts are close together in the representation space. |
| Outcome: | The proposed embeddings outperform existing models on multiple tasks with fewer dimensions and are lowdimensional and dense while maintaining interpretability. |
TRELM: Towards Robust and Efficient Pre-training for Knowledge-Enhanced Language Models (2024.lrec-main)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods for incorporating external knowledge into language models do not prioritize learning embeddings for entity-related tokens. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework for incorporating external knowledge into pre-training models that utilize entity-related tokens. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework reduces pre-training time by 50% and outperforms other KEPLMs in knowledge probing tasks and multiple knowledge-aware language understanding tasks. |
Error Comparison Optimization for Large Language Models on Aspect-Based Sentiment Analysis (2025.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods for aspect-based sentiment analysis (ABSA) only compare current predictions and labels on each sample, yet fail to perceive and understand its error outputs from different degrees. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework that can perceive and understand the degree of errors by learning from comparative error pairs. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework exceeds baselines and achieves the desired performance. |
ErrorRadar: Benchmarking Complex Mathematical Reasoning of Multimodal Large Language Models Via Error Detection (2026.findings-acl)
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Yibo Yan, Shen Wang, Jiahao Huo, Hang Li, Boyan Li, Jiamin Su, Xiong Gao, YiFan Zhang, Tianlong Xu, Zhendong Chu, Aoxiao Zhong, Kun Wang, Hui Xiong, Philip S. Yu, Xuming Hu, Qingsong Wen
| Challenge: | Current mathematical benchmarks focus on evaluating MLLMs’ problem-solving ability, yet there is a crucial gap in addressing more complex scenarios such as error detection. |
| Approach: | They propose to evaluate multimodal error detection by evaluating two sub-tasks error step identification and error categorization. |
| Outcome: | The proposed task evaluates MLLMs' ability to handle multimodal questions compared to text-only models. |
Efficient Learned Data Compression via Dual-Stream Feature Decoupling (2026.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Learned data compression has achieved superior compression ratios, but balancing precise probability modeling with system efficiency remains challenging. |
| Approach: | They propose a Dual-Stream Multi-Scale Decoupler that disentangles local and global contexts to replace deep serial processing with shallow parallel streams. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method achieves state-of-the-art performance in both compression ratio and throughput while maintaining the lowest latency and memory usage. |
LASA: Language-Agnostic Semantic Alignment at the Semantic Bottleneck for LLM Safety (2026.acl-long)
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Junxiao Yang, Haoran Liu, Jinzhe Tu, Jiale Cheng, Zhexin Zhang, Shiyao Cui, Jiaqi Weng, Jialing Tao, Hui Xue, Hongning Wang, Han Qiu, Minlie Huang
| Challenge: | Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated better safety performance in high-resource languages than in low-resourced languages. |
| Approach: | They propose language-agnostic semantic alignment (LASA) which anchors safety alignment directly in semantic bottlenecks. |
| Outcome: | The proposed approach significantly improves safety across all languages: average attack success rate drops from 24.7% to 2.8% on LLaMA-3.1-8B-Instruct and remains within 3–4% across Qwen2.5 and Qwend3 Instruct models (7B–32B). |
Does Multi-Encoder Help? A Case Study on Context-Aware Neural Machine Translation (2020.acl-main)
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| Challenge: | In encoder-decoder neural models, multiple encoders are used to represent contextual information in addition to the individual sentence. |
| Approach: | They propose to use multiple context encoders to encode the individual sentences in document-level neural machine translation (NMT) They propose a noisy dropout setup and a single-encoder approach to encode context sentences. |
| Outcome: | The proposed approach encodes the context and the current sentence without contexts. |
Modularized Interaction Network for Named Entity Recognition (2021.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Named Entity Recognition (NER) models focus on word-level information, while segment-based models focus only on word level information. |
| Approach: | They propose a Modularized Interaction Network (MIN) model which utilizes both word-level information and segment-level dependencies. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms the current state-of-the-art models on three NER benchmark datasets. |
Boosting Text-to-SQL through Multi-grained Error Identification (2025.coling-main)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods for error identification often overlook validation of generated results . text-to-SQL is a technology that converts natural language questions into executable SQL queries . |
| Approach: | They propose to integrate a multi-grained error identification method into existing methods to detect SQL errors. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method can be integrated as a plugin into various methods, providing effective error identification and correction capabilities. |
Experience is the Teacher: Reusing Atomic Thoughts from LLMs to Improve Medical Dialogue (2026.findings-acl)
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Guangya Yu, Hui Luo, Qi Ye, Ruihui Hou, Weiyan Zhang, Mingxi Shang, Xuanwu Li, ChunMing Wang, Tong Ruan
| Challenge: | Recent large reasoning models (LLMs) lack dynamic and diverse thinking capabilities . reusing atomic thoughts provides a practical pathway toward dynamic reasoning . |
| Approach: | They propose a framework that extracts atomic thoughts from teacher models and reuses them to guide reasoning and generate responses. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework extracts atomic thoughts from teacher models and reuses them to guide reasoning and generate responses. |
Divide-Verify-Refine: Can LLMs Self-align with Complex Instructions? (2025.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Existing research shows LLMs struggle with complex instructions involving multiple constraints. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework to divide complex instructions into single constraints and prepare appropriate tools to verify responses. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework doubles Llama3.1-8B’s constraint adherence and triples Mistral-7B’ s performance. |
NPRF: A Neural Pseudo Relevance Feedback Framework for Ad-hoc Information Retrieval (D18-1)
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| Challenge: | Existing neural IR models do not have a mechanism for treating expansion terms differently from the original query terms, making it difficult to combine them with existing PRF approaches. |
| Approach: | They propose an end-to-end neural PRF framework that can be used with existing neural IR models by embedding different neural models as building blocks. |
| Outcome: | Extensive experiments on two standard test collections confirm the effectiveness of the proposed framework in improving the performance of two state-of-the-art neural IR models. |
HEALing Entropy Collapse: Enhancing Exploration in Few-Shot RLVR via Hybrid-Domain Entropy Dynamics Alignment (2026.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods for training reasoning-oriented large language models assume high-resource settings with abundant data. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework that integrates high-value general-domain data to promote more diverse exploration. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework matches or surpasses RLVR trained with 32 target-domain samples using 32 target domain samples. |
Stepwise Perplexity-Guided Refinement for Efficient Chain-of-Thought Reasoning in Large Language Models (2025.findings-acl)
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Yingqian Cui, Pengfei He, Jingying Zeng, Hui Liu, Xianfeng Tang, Zhenwei Dai, Yan Han, Chen Luo, Jing Huang, Zhen Li, Suhang Wang, Yue Xing, Jiliang Tang, Qi He
| Challenge: | Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning has improved the performance of large language models (LLMs) however, the detailed reasoning process in CoT often incurs long generation times and high computational costs due to the inclusion of unnecessary steps. |
| Approach: | They propose a method to identify critical reasoning steps using perplexity as a measure of their importance. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method achieves a better balance between reasoning accuracy and efficiency of CoT. |
Beyond Yes and No: Improving Zero-Shot LLM Rankers via Scoring Fine-Grained Relevance Labels (2024.naacl-short)
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| Challenge: | Existing pointwise LLMs provide noisy or biased answers for documents that are partially relevant to the query. |
| Approach: | They propose to incorporate fine-grained relevance labels into the LLM prompt . they propose to better differentiate between documents with different levels of relevance . |
| Outcome: | The proposed model can differentiate between documents with different levels of relevance to the query and derive a more accurate ranking. |
A Lifelong Multilingual Multi-granularity Semantic Alignment Approach via Maximum Co-occurrence Probability (2024.lrec-main)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods to mask and predict tokens in multilingual text limit multilingual interaction . |
| Approach: | They propose a lifelong multilingual multi-granularity semantic alignment approach which continuously extracts massive aligned linguistic units from noisy data via a maximum co-occurrence probability algorithm. |
| Outcome: | The proposed approach improves translation performance on WMT14 18 benchmarks in twelve directions. |
Teaching According to Talents! Instruction Tuning LLMs with Competence-Aware Curriculum Learning (2025.findings-emnlp)
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Yangning Li, Tingwei Lu, Yinghui Li, Yankai Chen, Wei-Chieh Huang, Wenhao Jiang, Hui Wang, Hai-Tao Zheng, Philip S. Yu
| Challenge: | Efficient instruction tuning aims to enhance the ultimate performance of large language models (LLMs) current methods suffer from the curriculum rigidity, resulting in a fixed and potentially sub-optimal learning trajectory. |
| Approach: | a framework for efficient instruction tuning is proposed to address the issue of curriculum rigidity . current methods rely on static heuristic difficulty metrics and fail to adapt to evolving capabilities . |
| Outcome: | Efficient instruction tuning aims to enhance the ultimate performance of large language models . current methods suffer from the curriculum rigidity, resulting in a fixed learning trajectory . |
Counterfactual Debating with Preset Stances for Hallucination Elimination of LLMs (2025.coling-main)
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| Challenge: | Existing solutions to alleviate hallucination have considered utilizing LLMs’ inherent reasoning abilities to alleviating hallucinism, such as self-correction and diverse sampling methods. |
| Approach: | They propose a counterfactual multi-agent debate framework that predetermines LLMs' stances to override their inherent biases for answer inspection. |
| Outcome: | Extensive experiments on four datasets of three tasks demonstrate the superiority of the proposed framework over existing methods. |
Anti-Length Shift: Dynamic Outlier Truncation for Training Efficient Reasoning Models (2026.acl-long)
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Wei Wu, Liyi Chen, Congxi Xiao, Tianfu Wang, Qimeng Wang, Chengqiang Lu, Yan Gao, null Yiwu, Yao Hu, Hui Xiong
| Challenge: | Existing efficient reasoning methods rely on explicit length penalties for excessive verbosity on simple queries. |
| Approach: | They propose a training-time intervention that selectively suppresses redundant tokens . they find length shift occurs when models generate unnecessary reasoning on trivial inputs - a phenomenon that is often unexplored . |
| Outcome: | The proposed method reduces inference token usage by 78% while increasing accuracy compared to the initial policy and surpasses state-of-the-art efficient reasoning methods. |
Two Challenges, One Solution: Robust Multimodal Learning through Dynamic Modality Recognition and Enhancement (2025.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods require full-modality data during training phase or require explicit annotations to detect missing modalities. |
| Approach: | They propose a Dynamic modality Recognition and Enhancement for Adaptive Multimodal fusion framework that directs selective reconstruction of missing or underperforming modalities. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework outperforms several baseline and state-of-the-art models on three benchmark datasets. |
TP-RAG: Benchmarking Retrieval-Augmented Large Language Model Agents for Spatiotemporal-Aware Travel Planning (2025.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Existing studies on large language models (LLMs) focus on basic plan validity, but neglect critical aspects such as route efficiency, POI appeal, and real-time adaptability. |
| Approach: | They propose a benchmark for retrieval-augmented, spatiotemporal-aware travel planning that integrates retrieved trajectories with LLMs’ intrinsic reasoning. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework improves spatial efficiency and POI rationality while challenging universality and robustness due to conflicting references and noisy data. |
Separation and Fusion: A Novel Multiple Token Linking Model for Event Argument Extraction (2024.naacl-long)
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Jing Xu, Dandan Song, Siu Hui, Zhijing Wu, Meihuizi Jia, Hao Wang, Yanru Zhou, Changzhi Zhou, Ziyi Yang
| Challenge: | Existing methods for event argument extraction (EAE) lack cross-event information and require longer role sequences . et al. (2017): outperforms state-of-the-art methods for EE. |
| Approach: | They propose a separation-and-fusion paradigm to separate the acquisition of cross-event information and fuse it into the argument extraction of a target event. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms the state-of-the-art models on four widely used datasets. |
Commonsense Knowledge Salience Evaluation with a Benchmark Dataset in E-commerce (2022.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | Existing models rank statements solely by confidence scores, and there is no information about which ones are salient from a human perspective. |
| Approach: | They propose a task where a model is required to learn whether a triple is salient . they propose supervised salience evaluation using a new Benchmark dataset . |
| Outcome: | The proposed task is based on a new Benchmark dataset of salience evaluation in e-commerce . it shows that saliency evaluation is hard, where models perform poorly on evaluation set . |
Forget the Token and Pixel: Rethinking Gradient Ascent for Concept Unlearning in Multimodal Generative Models (2025.findings-acl)
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Jiaqi Li, Chuanyi Zhang, Miaozeng Du, Hui Zhang, Yongrui Chen, Qianshan Wei, Junfeng Fang, Ruipeng Wang, Sheng Bi, Guilin Qi
| Challenge: | Gradient Ascent (GA) has emerged as a promising approach for concept unlearning in Multimodal Generative Models (MGMs). |
| Approach: | They propose a novel approach that selectively applies GA to targeted Conceptual Knowledge while preserving Natural Knowledge through Gradient Descent (GD). |
| Outcome: | The proposed approach removes Conceptual Knowledge and inadvertently diminishes Natural Knowledge, resulting in utility degradation. |
AudioPrivacy: Parallel Audio Dataset for Speaker Profiling with Diverse Audio Types and Rich Attributes (2026.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Speech signals convey abundant speaker-related metadata, yet current privacy research focuses on identity-centric voiceprint protection, leaving sensitive Speaker Attribute Privacy (SAP) underexplored. |
| Approach: | They propose a large-scale Chinese dataset to evaluate speaker-related privacy leakage . the dataset includes 227.3 hours of audio from 1,000 speakers . |
| Outcome: | The proposed model systematically evaluates speaker-related privacy leakage in everyday scenarios. |
STELLA: A Multimodal LLM for Protein Functional Annotation via Unified Sequence-Structure Encoding (2026.findings-acl)
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Hongwang Xiao, Wenjun Lin, Xi Chen, Hui Wang, Kai Chen, Jiashan Li, Yuancheng Sun, Sicheng Dai, Boya Wu, Qiwei Ye
| Challenge: | a multimodal protein language model (LLM) integrates sequence, structure, and function into functional annotation. |
| Approach: | They propose a multimodal protein language model that synergistically aligns bimodal representations with the textual modality to advance protein functional annotation. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model synergizes bimodal representations with the textual modality to advance protein functional annotation. |
Think Before You Act: A Two-Stage Framework for Mitigating Gender Bias Towards Vision-Language Tasks (2024.naacl-long)
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| Challenge: | Existing vision-language models focus on salient attributes but ignore contextualized nuances, resulting in gender bias. |
| Approach: | They propose a task-agnostic generation framework to mitigate gender bias in vision-language models. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework can mitigate gender bias in vision-language models . it yields all-sided but gender-obfuscated narratives, which prevents concentration on localized image features, especially gender attributes. |
COPR: Continual Human Preference Learning via Optimal Policy Regularization (2025.findings-acl)
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Han Zhang, Lin Gui, Yu Lei, Yuanzhao Zhai, Yehong Zhang, Zhuo Zhang, Yulan He, Hui Wang, Yue Yu, Kam-Fai Wong, Bin Liang, Ruifeng Xu
| Challenge: | Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) is effective for aligning Large Language Models with human preferences, but its complex process limits its ability to continually learn human feedback. |
| Approach: | They propose a non-RL offline method to convert historical optimal policies into optimization constraints when continually learning new preferences. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method outperforms strong CL baselines in terms of reward-based evaluations and human assessment. |
START: Self-taught Reasoner with Tools (2025.emnlp-main)
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Chengpeng Li, Mingfeng Xue, Zhenru Zhang, Jiaxi Yang, Beichen Zhang, Bowen Yu, Binyuan Hui, Junyang Lin, Xiang Wang, Dayiheng Liu
| Challenge: | Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in complex reasoning through long chain-of-thought, yet they struggle with precise computations and algorithmic operations. |
| Approach: | They propose a training-free approach that activates LRMs’ latent tool-use capabilities through artificial hints and a framework that enables models to learn effective tool utilization through diverse hint patterns and rejection-based data synthesis. |
| Outcome: | Experiments show that START significantly improves state-of-the-art LRMs across challenging benchmarks, including competition-level mathematics (AMC23: 95.0%, AIME24: 75.6%) and graduate-level science questions (GPQA: 64.6%). |
LLM-Based Agent Society Investigation: Collaboration and Confrontation in Avalon Gameplay (2024.emnlp-main)
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Yihuai Lan, Zhiqiang Hu, Lei Wang, Yang Wang, Deheng Ye, Peilin Zhao, Ee-Peng Lim, Hui Xiong, Hao Wang
| Challenge: | Existing studies on LLM agents' social behaviors are lacking . previous studies focused on positive social behaviors, leaving research on negative social behaviors relatively scarce. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework that features a multi-agent system facilitating efficient communication and interaction with LLM agents. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework is based on Avalon and evaluates on game success and analyzes agents’ social behaviors. |
MA-GTS: A Multi-Agent Framework for Solving Complex Graph Problems in Real-World Applications (2025.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods for solving complex problems are expensive and inefficient when handling large-scale, high-complexity problems. |
| Approach: | They propose a multi-agent framework that decomposes complex problems through agent collaboration by mapping implicitly expressed graph data into clear, structured graph representations and dynamically selecting the most suitable algorithm based on problem constraints and graph structure scale. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework outperforms state-of-the-art methods on multiple benchmarks with robust performance on both closed- and open-source models. |
Understanding the Language Model to Solve the Symbolic Multi-Step Reasoning Problem from the Perspective of Buffer Mechanism (2025.findings-emnlp)
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Zhiwei Wang, Yunji Wang, Zhongwang Zhang, Zhangchen Zhou, Hui Jin, Tianyang Hu, Jiacheng Sun, Zhenguo Li, Yaoyu Zhang, Zhi-Qin John Xu
| Challenge: | Large language models struggle with complex reasoning tasks, such as mathematical problem-solving. |
| Approach: | They constructed a symbolic multi-step reasoning task to investigate the information propagation mechanisms in Transformer models when solving the task through direct answering and Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning. |
| Outcome: | The proposed algorithm improves on 7 multi-step reasoning datasets, while introducing only 132 trainable parameters. |
Breaking Language Preference in Multilingual RAG via Language-Controllable Retrieval and Language-Agnostic Reasoning (2026.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Existing approaches to improve retrieval accuracy and generation quality of large language models suffer from language preference. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework that explicitly disentangles multilingual RAG into language-controllable retrieval and language-agnostic reasoning. |
| Outcome: | Experimental results show that the proposed approach outperforms baselines across multilingual benchmarks. |
Lifelong Knowledge Editing for LLMs with Retrieval-Augmented Continuous Prompt Learning (2024.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods to correct outdated or erroneous knowledge in large language models (LLMs) are slow and cumbersome, resulting in catastrophic knowledge forgetting and degradation of model performance. |
| Approach: | They propose a RetriEval-augmented ContInuous Prompt lEarning method that converts knowledge statements into short and informative continuous prompts, prefixed to the LLM’s input query embedding. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method improves the performance of large language models (LLMs) while maintaining the overall performance of the model. |
A General Framework to Enhance Fine-tuning-based LLM Unlearning (2025.findings-acl)
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Jie Ren, Zhenwei Dai, Xianfeng Tang, Hui Liu, Jingying Zeng, Zhen Li, Rahul Goutam, Suhang Wang, Yue Xing, Qi He, Hui Liu
| Challenge: | Existing approaches to remove copyrighted and privacy-sensitive data from Large Language Models (LLMs) have been proposed to remove specific data from LLMs without requiring full retraining. |
| Approach: | They propose a general framework that enhances the utility of fine-tuning-based methods by distinguishing target data and suppressing related generations. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework improves the unlearning and utility of fine-tuning-based methods by distinguishing the target data and suppressing related generations. |
SUN: Exploring Intrinsic Uncertainties in Text-to-SQL Parsers (2022.coling-1)
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Bowen Qin, Lihan Wang, Binyuan Hui, Bowen Li, Xiangpeng Wei, Binhua Li, Fei Huang, Luo Si, Min Yang, Yongbin Li
| Challenge: | Existing methods that learn from multiple semantically-equivalent questions are limited to one-to-one mapping . |
| Approach: | They propose a constraint to explore the underlying complementary semantic information among multiple semantically-equivalent questions and learn robust feature representations with reduced spurious associations. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method outperforms strong competitors and achieves state-of-the-art results on five benchmark datasets. |
ChildTalk: A Multi-Dialect Chinese Child Speech Corpus with Full-Length Child–Caregiver Conversations for Speech Recognition (2026.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Automatic speech recognition (ASR) for children remains challenging due to developmental variability and the scarcity of high-quality corpora. |
| Approach: | They propose a large-scale Chinese child speech corpus that contains 112.5 hours of speech from 498 children and 500 caregivers. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model improves in-domain and cross-domain performance on children's speech. |
Toward Safe and Human-Aligned Game Conversational Recommendation via Multi-Agent Decomposition (2026.findings-eacl)
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| Challenge: | Existing systems for conversational recommender systems (CRS) have strong results in movies, but games present distinct challenges . MATCHA framework provides specialized agents for intent parsing, tool-augmented retrieval, multi-LLM ranking, and stronger safety. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework for conversational recommender systems that assigns specialized agents for intent parsing, tool-augmented retrieval, multi-LLM ranking and risk control. |
| Outcome: | MATCHA outperforms baselines on real user request dataset, improves Hit@5 by 20%, reduces popularity bias by 24%, and achieves 97.9% adversarial defense. |
Task-Aware LLM Routing with Multi-Level Task-Profile-Guided Data Synthesis for Cold-Start Scenarios (2026.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Existing routers generalize poorly in cold-start scenarios where in-domain training data is unavailable. |
| Approach: | They propose a task-type–aware router approach that models query-conditioned cost and performance via latent task-like variables with prior regularization derived from the synthesized task taxonomy. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework improves performance and cost under cold-start and in-domain settings and enables efficient routing. |
WebUncertainty: Dual-Level Uncertainty Driven Planning and Reasoning For Autonomous Web Agent (2026.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Existing web agents struggle with complex tasks due to rigid planning strategies and hallucination-prone reasoning. |
| Approach: | They propose a task-uncertainty-driven Adaptive Planning Mechanism that adaptively selects planning modes to navigate unknown environments. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework performs better on the WebArena and WebVoyager benchmarks than existing frameworks. |
Deploying Multi-task Online Server with Large Language Model (2025.coling-industry)
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| Challenge: | In the industry, numerous natural language processing tasks are deployed online . traditional approaches tackle each task separately by its own network and pipeline . |
| Approach: | They propose a three-stage multi-task learning framework for large language models . it involves task filtering, fine-tuning on high-resource tasks, and finally fine- tuning on all tasks . |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework reduces up to 90% of overhead while reducing latency and resource usage. |
Probing and Boosting Large Language Models Capabilities via Attention Heads (2025.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Existing approaches to identifying capabilities rely on external signals with limited structural grounding . emergence of specific capabilities remains poorly understood . |
| Approach: | They propose a lightweight approach that links LLM capabilities to internal components by identifying correspondences at the level of attention heads. |
| Outcome: | The proposed approach improves accuracy on MMLU and BBH by 1 to 1.5 points over gradient-based method and 5 to 6 points over other intermediate-state baselines. |
AgentGC: Evolutionary Learning-based Lossless Compression for Genomics Data with LLM-driven Multiple Agent (2026.findings-acl)
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Sun Hui, Ding Yanfeng, Huidong Ma, Chang Xu, Keyan Jin, Lizheng Zu, Cheng Zhong, Xiaoguang Liu, Gang Wang, Wentong Cai
| Challenge: | Lossless compression has made significant advancements in Genomics Data storage, sharing and management. |
| Approach: | They propose a novel agent-based GD Compressor with 3 layers with a multi-agent named Leader and Worker. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method improves on existing methods with low-level modeling and limited adaptability and user-unfriendly interface. |
Live-Aid: A Large-Scale Dialogue Dataset and Benchmark for Interleaved Multi-party Interactions in Live Streaming (2026.findings-acl)
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Yiming Lei, Yize Fan, Zeming Liu, Jiaji Dong, Hui Qiu, Haitao Leng, Qingjie Liu, Kehai Chen, Tingting Gao, Yunhong Wang
| Challenge: | Existing Multimodal Large Language Models struggle with dynamic interactions due to the scarcity of high-quality interleaved data. |
| Approach: | They propose a large-scale interleaved live interaction Chinese dataset with human-annotated video responses. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model can be used to evaluate live interactions in Chinese over 1,100 hours and 80,037 dialogue turns. |
2D-DPO: Scaling Direct Preference Optimization with 2-Dimensional Supervision (2025.findings-naacl)
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Shilong Li, Yancheng He, Hui Huang, Xingyuan Bu, Jiaheng Liu, Hangyu Guo, Weixun Wang, Jihao Gu, Wenbo Su, Bo Zheng
| Challenge: | Existing methods that optimize for scalar scores or ranking reward ignore multi-dimensional nature of human preferences. |
| Approach: | They propose to extend the preference of Direct Preference Optimization to two dimensions: segments and aspects. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework decomposes the overall objective into multi-segment and multi-aspect objectives. |
On the Role of Long-tail Knowledge in Retrieval Augmented Large Language Models (2024.acl-short)
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Dongyang Li, Junbing Yan, Taolin Zhang, Chengyu Wang, Xiaofeng He, Longtao Huang, Hui Xue’, Jun Huang
| Challenge: | Existing RAG methods focus on improving the task performance, without fine-grained process of knowledge. |
| Approach: | They propose a method that detects long-tail knowledge in large language models by analyzing retrieved documents and enhancing queries indiscriminately with retrieved information. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method achieves over 4x speedup in average inference time and consistent performance improvement in downstream tasks compared to existing pipelines. |
SVD-GCL: A Noise-Augmented Hybrid Graph Contrastive Learning Framework for Recommendation (2025.coling-main)
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| Challenge: | Recent advances in graph neural networks have made it difficult to capture user preferences. |
| Approach: | They propose a graph contrastive learning recommendation model based on noise augmentation that integrates truncated singular value decomposition in the feature engineering stage. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model reduces dimensionality and denoises the original data. |
TELLER: A Trustworthy Framework for Explainable, Generalizable and Controllable Fake News Detection (2024.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods for detecting fake news are limited due to non-transparent reasoning processes and inherent risks of integration with large language models. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework for trustworthy fake news detection that prioritizes explainability, generalizability and controllability of models. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework prioritizes explainability, generalizability and controllability of models. |
Integrating Audio, Visual, and Semantic Information for Enhanced Multimodal Speaker Diarization on Multi-party Conversation (2025.acl-long)
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Luyao Cheng, Hui Wang, Chong Deng, Siqi Zheng, Yafeng Chen, Rongjie Huang, Qinglin Zhang, Qian Chen, Xihao Li, Wen Wang
| Challenge: | Mainstream speaker diarization systems rely only on acoustic information, making it challenging in complex aural environments. |
| Approach: | They propose a multimodal approach that integrates audio, visual, and semantic cues to enhance speaker diarization. |
| Outcome: | The proposed approach outperforms state-of-the-art methods on multi-party conversations . it integrates audio-visual-semantic cues into the clustering process for acoustic speaker embeddings . |
FEDLEGAL: The First Real-World Federated Learning Benchmark for Legal NLP (2023.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | federated learning (FL) is a promising technique for preserving data privacy . however, there is no work on applying FL to legal NLP . |
| Approach: | They propose to use federated learning to train models in a collaborative way without sharing data . they propose to test the FL benchmark on real-world legal data from Chinese courts . |
| Outcome: | The proposed benchmark combines five legal NLP tasks and one privacy task on Chinese courts. |
Enabling Unsupervised Neural Machine Translation with Word-level Visual Representations (2023.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | Unsupervised neural machine translation methods have been observed to make particular errors in comparison to supervised machine translation, such as confusing nouns that pertain to the same semantic category. |
| Approach: | They propose a method that incorporates images at the word level to augment lexical mappings. |
| Outcome: | Experiments on a multi-lingual dataset show that the proposed method generates more accurate translations with only monolingual data. |
Safe-SAIL: Towards a Fine-grained Safety Landscape of Large Language Models via Sparse Autoencoder Interpretation Framework (2026.findings-acl)
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Jiaqi Weng, Han Zheng, Hanyu Zhang, Ej Zhou, Qinqin He, Jialing Tao, Hui Xue, Zhixuan Chu, Xiting Wang
| Challenge: | Existing studies on how SAEs derive most fine-grained latent features for safety remain unexplored. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework for interpreting SAE features in safety-critical domains . they train a suite of SAEs with human-readable explanations and systematic evaluations based on pornography, politics, violence, and terror . |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework reduces interpretation cost by 55% and improves safety-critical features. |
LoRE: Enhancing Search Relevance with Progressive Chain-of-Thought and Preference Alignment (2026.findings-acl)
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Chenji Lu, Zhuo Chen, Hui Zhao, Zhiyuan Zeng, Gang Zhao, Junjie Ren, null Lihaoran, Songyan Liu, Pengjie Wang, Chuan Yu, Jian Xu, Bo Zheng
| Challenge: | E-commerce search relevance is a critical component of retrieval systems. |
| Approach: | They propose a large-generative model for search relevance that trains reasoning knowledge, multi-modal understanding and rule awareness into three core competencies. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms GPT-5 in Macro-F1 and achieves 27% online gain. |
Cross-modality Data Augmentation for End-to-End Sign Language Translation (2023.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | End-to-end sign language translation (SLT) aims to convert sign language videos into spoken language texts without intermediate representations. |
| Approach: | They propose a cross-modality data-augmented framework to transfer gloss-to-text translation capabilities to end-to end sign language translation. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework outperforms baseline models on two widely used SLT datasets. |
GenDis: Generative-Discriminative Dual-View Co-Training for Generalized Category Discovery (2026.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods rely on one-hot discriminative supervision, leading to overfitting on seen classes and poor generalization to unseen ones. |
| Approach: | They propose a Generative–Discriminative Dual-View Co-Training framework that unifies discriminative classification and semantic label generation within an LLM. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework outperforms existing methods on five benchmarks on the generalized category discovery (GCD) task. |
A LSTM Approach with Sub-Word Embeddings for Mongolian Phrase Break Prediction (C18-1)
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| Challenge: | Existing word embedding methods for Mongolian PB prediction are expensive and time-consuming. |
| Approach: | They propose to use Mongolian word embedding to build a robust Mongolian PB prediction model . they encode sub-word units and feed it to LSTM to decode the best corresponding PB label . |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms traditional model using manual features and achieves 7.49% gain. |
TokenSelect: Efficient Long-Context Inference and Length Extrapolation for LLMs via Dynamic Token-Level KV Cache Selection (2025.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Rapid advances in Large Language Models have spurred demand for processing extended context sequences . however, performance degradation due to sequence lengths out-of-distribution and excessively long inference times are limiting LLMs in long-context scenarios. |
| Approach: | They propose a training-free method for efficient and accurate long-context inference . they selectively involves a few critical KV cache tokens in attention calculation . |
| Outcome: | The proposed method speeds up attention computation and accelerates inference time while reducing selection overhead. |
AJ-Bench: Benchmarking Agent-as-a-Judge for Environment-Aware Evaluation (2026.findings-acl)
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Wentao Shi, Yu Wang, Yuyang Zhao, Yuxin Chen, Fuli Feng, Xueyuan Hao, Xi Su, Qi GU, Hui Su, Xunliang Cai, Xiangnan He
| Challenge: | Existing approaches to verify agent behaviors in complex environments rely on rule-based verifiers or LLM-as-a-Judge models. |
| Approach: | They propose a benchmark to evaluate Agent-as-a-Judge across three domains . the benchmark covers search, data systems, and graphical user interfaces - with 155 tasks and 516 trajectories . |
| Outcome: | The proposed benchmark outperforms existing benchmarks in search, data systems, and GUI domains while revealing open challenges in agent-based verification. |
Beyond Majority Voting: Towards Fine-grained and More Reliable Reward Signal for Test-Time Reinforcement Learning (2026.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | RLVR is a paradigm for improving reasoning ability of large language models . but voting results often induce confirmation bias and suffer from sparse rewards . |
| Approach: | They propose a framework integrating model confidence and dynamic subgroup partitioning to address these issues. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework outperforms recent baselines on multiple models and benchmarks. |
MEIT: Multimodal Electrocardiogram Instruction Tuning on Large Language Models for Report Generation (2025.findings-acl)
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Zhongwei Wan, Che Liu, Xin Wang, Chaofan Tao, Hui Shen, Jing Xiong, Rossella Arcucci, Huaxiu Yao, Mi Zhang
| Challenge: | Recent studies have focused on classifying cardiac conditions using ECG data but have overlooked ECG report generation, which is time-consuming and requires clinical expertise. |
| Approach: | They propose a Multimodal ECG Instruction Tuning framework that extends the capability of large language models (LLMs) for the task. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework outperforms open-source LLMs and LLM backbones across two large-scale ECG datasets. |
Argus: Benchmarking and Enhancing Vision-Language Models for 3D Radiology Report Generation (2025.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Existing work on 3D radiograph report generation focuses on 2D images, but 3D medical images provide more comprehensive diagnostic information. |
| Approach: | They propose a comprehensive training recipe for building high-performing VLMs for 3DRRG using a publicly available 3D CT-report dataset. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model achieves superior performance across different model sizes and input 3D medical image resolutions. |
Recall, Expand, and Multi-Candidate Cross-Encode: Fast and Accurate Ultra-Fine Entity Typing (2023.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | State-of-the-art (SOTA) methods use the cross-encoder architecture to concatenate a mention (and its context) with each type and feed it into a pretrained language model (PLM) to score their relevance. |
| Approach: | They propose to perform entity typing in a recall-expand-filter manner and use a novel model to encode and score all these K candidates in one forward pass. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method is thousands of times faster than the CE-based architecture and is very efficient in fine-grained (130 types) and coarse-grain (9 types) entity typing. |
Towards Multi-Modal Sarcasm Detection via Hierarchical Congruity Modeling with Knowledge Enhancement (2022.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Sarcasm is a linguistic phenomenon indicating a discrepancy between literal meanings and implied intentions. |
| Approach: | They propose a hierarchical framework for sarcasm detection by exploring atomic-level congruity and composition-level convergence. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms existing methods on a public sarcasm detection dataset based on Twitter . |
MEDA: Dynamic KV Cache Allocation for Efficient Multimodal Long-Context Inference (2025.naacl-long)
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| Challenge: | Long-context Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) require substantial computational resources as their multimodal Key-Value (KV) cache grows with increasing input lengths, challenging memory and time efficiency. |
| Approach: | They propose a dynamic multimodal KV cache allocation strategy that dynamically allocating KV size based on attention entropy to better adapt to multimodal interactions. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model achieves up to 72% KV cache memory reduction and 2.82 faster decoding speeds while maintaining or enhancing performance on various multimodal tasks in a long context. |
Learning with Less: Knowledge Distillation from Large Language Models via Unlabeled Data (2025.findings-naacl)
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Juanhui Li, Sreyashi Nag, Hui Liu, Xianfeng Tang, Sheikh Muhammad Sarwar, Limeng Cui, Hansu Gu, Suhang Wang, Qi He, Jiliang Tang
| Challenge: | Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated superior language understanding abilities in many real-world NLP applications. |
| Approach: | They propose a learning-based sample selection method that incorporates signals from both teacher and student to enhance model performance. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method improves model performance across datasets with higher data efficiency. |
HFT: Half Fine-Tuning for Large Language Models (2025.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Large language models (LLMs) with one or more fine-tuning phases can unlock various capabilities, but can be catastrophic forgetting during sequential training. |
| Approach: | They propose a method to regularly reset partial parameters to mitigate forgetting issues by using half fine-tuning instead of full fine-uning. |
| Outcome: | The proposed approach reduces the risk of catastrophic forgetting during training and the parametric knowledge lost during training may be overwhelmed by incoming training data. |
SUA: Stealthy Multimodal Large Language Model Unlearning Attack (2025.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) trained on massive data may memorize sensitive personal information and photos, posing privacy and copyright concerns. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework that learns a universal noise pattern to recover unlearned information from MLLMs. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework learns a universal noise pattern and can reveal unlearned content when applied to images. |
Towards Explainable NLP: A Generative Explanation Framework for Text Classification (P19-1)
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| Challenge: | Existing approaches for explainable machine learning systems focus on interpreting outputs or connections between inputs and outputs. |
| Approach: | They propose a generative explanation framework that learns to make classification decisions and generates fine-grained explanations at the same time. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework surpasses all baselines on two datasets and generates concise explanations at the same time. |
AnchorMem: Anchored Facts with Associative Contexts for Building Memory in Large Language Models (2026.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Existing memory systems rely on summarization to preserve contextual nuances and obscuring key retrieval features. |
| Approach: | They propose a method that decouples the retrieval unit from the generation context. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method outperforms baseline models on the LoCoMo benchmark. |
Lightweight and Efficient Neural Natural Language Processing with Quaternion Networks (P19-1)
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| Challenge: | Existing models for natural language processing are heavily parameterized and memory inefficient. |
| Approach: | They propose a series of lightweight and memory efficient neural architectures for NLP tasks . they propose quaternion algebra and hypercomplex spaces for computation . |
| Outcome: | The proposed models enable expressive inter-component interactions and significantly reduce parameter size without loss of performance. |
EmotionTalk: An Interactive Chinese Multimodal Emotion Dataset With Rich Annotations (2026.findings-acl)
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Haoqin Sun, Jinghua Zhao, Xuechen Wang, Shiwan Zhao, Jiaming Zhou, Hui Wang, Xi Yang, Yequan Wang, Yonghua Lin
| Challenge: | Existing datasets face issues such as low quality, limited scale, and incomplete modalities, hindering model performance. |
| Approach: | They propose to use Chinese multimodal datasets to capture authentic emotional interplay from 19 professional actors. |
| Outcome: | The EmotionTalk dataset spans 23.6 hours of dyadic conversations across diverse scenarios. |
CENTAUR: Bridging the Impossible Trinity of Privacy, Efficiency, and Performance in Privacy-Preserving Transformer Inference (2025.acl-long)
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Jinglong Luo, Guanzhong Chen, Yehong Zhang, Shiyu Liu, Hui Wang, Yue Yu, Xun Zhou, Yuan Qi, Zenglin Xu
| Challenge: | Existing privacy-preserving Transformer Inference frameworks suffer from high computational overhead and performance losses. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework that integrates random permutations and SMPC to address the "impossible trinity" CENTAUR resists diverse data reconstruction attacks and boosts inference speed by 5.030.4 times . |
| Outcome: | CENTAUR achieves an unprecedented balance between privacy, efficiency, and performance. |
EcomScriptBench: A Multi-task Benchmark for E-commerce Script Planning via Step-wise Intention-Driven Product Association (2025.acl-long)
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Weiqi Wang, Limeng Cui, Xin Liu, Sreyashi Nag, Wenju Xu, Chen Luo, Sheikh Muhammad Sarwar, Yang Li, Hansu Gu, Hui Liu, Changlong Yu, Jiaxin Bai, Yifan Gao, Haiyang Zhang, Qi He, Shuiwang Ji, Yangqiu Song
| Challenge: | Goal-oriented script planning is used by humans to plan for typical activities . however, this capability remains underexplored due to several challenges . |
| Approach: | They propose a framework that enables product-enriched scripts by associating products with each step based on the semantic similarity between the actions and their purchase intentions. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework can generate product-enriched scripts from 2.4 million scripts . human annotations are conducted to provide gold labels for a sampled subset . |
Domain-Specific Data Generation Framework for RAG Adaptation (2026.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) combines the language understanding and reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) with external retrieval to produce domain-grounded responses. |
| Approach: | They propose a scalable and modular data-centric framework for generating domain-grounded question–answer–context triples tailored to diverse RAG adaptation strategies. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework generates domain-grounded question–answer–context triples for multiple RAG adaptation strategies. |
Ranked Voting based Self-Consistency of Large Language Models (2025.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Existing majority voting methods generate only a single answer in each trial, ignoring the possibility of other possible answers. |
| Approach: | They propose to generate ranked answers in each reasoning process and conduct ranked voting among multiple ranked responses from different responses. |
| Outcome: | Extensive experiments show that the proposed method outperforms baselines on multiple-choice and open-ended questions. |
Large Language Models are Effective Text Rankers with Pairwise Ranking Prompting (2024.findings-naacl)
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Zhen Qin, Rolf Jagerman, Kai Hui, Honglei Zhuang, Junru Wu, Le Yan, Jiaming Shen, Tianqi Liu, Jialu Liu, Donald Metzler, Xuanhui Wang, Michael Bendersky
| Challenge: | Existing methods to rank documents using large language models do not understand these challenging ranking formulations. |
| Approach: | They propose to use Pairwise Ranking Prompting to improve ranking performance . they propose to outperform fine-tuned baseline rankers on benchmark datasets . |
| Outcome: | The proposed technique outperforms supervised baselines on benchmark datasets and outperformed other LLM-based solutions by over 10% on average. |
DREAM: Disentangling Risks to Enhance Safety Alignment in Multimodal Large Language Models (2025.naacl-long)
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Jianyu Liu, Hangyu Guo, Ranjie Duan, Xingyuan Bu, Yancheng He, Shilong Li, Hui Huang, Jiaheng Liu, Yucheng Wang, Chenchen Jing, Xingwei Qu, Xiao Zhang, Pei Wang, Yanan Wu, Jihao Gu, Yangguang Li, Jianke Zhu
| Challenge: | Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) pose unique safety challenges due to their integration of visual and textual data. |
| Approach: | They propose a method to disentangle risks through step-by-step reasoning within multimodal inputs. |
| Outcome: | The proposed approach improves safety alignment in MLLMs by fine-tuning and iterative Reinforcement Learning from AI feedback. |
HSCodeComp: A Realistic and Expert-level Agent Benchmark for Hierarchical Rule Application (2026.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Existing agent benchmarks neglect hierarchical rule application in real-world domains . a critical gap persists in numerous real-life professional domains where decision-making is governed by expert-written rules. |
| Approach: | They propose a benchmark requiring agents to assign a unique 10-digit Harmonized System (HS) Code to products by aligning their fuzzy attributes with strict tariff classification rules. |
| Outcome: | The proposed benchmarks lack hierarchical rule application capability in real-world domains . the proposed benchmark is based on e-commerce and is open-source . |
LLM Sensitivity Evaluation Framework for Clinical Diagnosis (2025.coling-main)
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| Challenge: | Existing studies on the sensitivity of Large Language Models (LLMs) to irrelevant contexts neglect the importance of key information. |
| Approach: | They investigate the sensitivity of large language models to key medical information by introducing different perturbation strategies to investigate their sensitivity. |
| Outcome: | The proposed models are based on three LLMs, namely GPT-3.5, GPT-4, Gemini, Claude3 and LLaMA2-7b, and demonstrate their reliability and sensitivity to medical information. |
Unraveling the Mechanics of Learning-Based Demonstration Selection for In-Context Learning (2025.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Recent learning-based demonstration selection methods have proven beneficial to in-context learning (ICL) by choosing more useful exemplars. |
| Approach: | They propose two methods to capture task-agnostic similarities between input and output of LLMs. |
| Outcome: | The proposed methods integrate task-agnostic similarities of different levels between input and output of exemplars and test cases to eliminate costly data collection. |
Flexibly Utilize Memory for Long-Term Conversation via a Fragment-then-Compose Framework (2025.emnlp-main)
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Cai Ke, Yiming Du, Bin Liang, Yifan Xiang, Lin Gui, Zhongyang Li, Baojun Wang, Yue Yu, Hui Wang, Kam-Fai Wong, Ruifeng Xu
| Challenge: | Large language models extract useful information from conversation history to enhance the response in long-term conversations. |
| Approach: | They propose a Fragment-then-Compose framework to optimize memory utilization for long-term open-domain conversation. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework can be used to extract useful information from conversation history . it can be adapted to different situations and improve response generation . |
Shallow-to-Deep Training for Neural Machine Translation (2020.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Experimental results show that deep training is 1:4 faster than training from scratch. |
| Approach: | They propose a shallow-to-deep training method that learns deep models by stacking shallow models. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method is 1:4 faster than training from scratch and achieves BLEU scores of 30:33 and 43:29 on two translation tasks. |
Learning Transition Patterns by Large Language Models for Sequential Recommendation (2025.coling-main)
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Jianyang Zhai, Zi-Feng Mai, Dongyi Zheng, Chang-Dong Wang, Xiawu Zheng, Hui Li, Feidiao Yang, Yonghong Tian
| Challenge: | Extensive experiments on six real-world datasets show our approach outperforms the best baselines by 7.33% in NDCG@10, 4.65% in Recall@10 and 8.42% in MRR. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework for mapping sequential item texts to sequential item IDs that incorporates multi-query input and item linear projection to model conditional probability distribution of items. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework outperforms baseline models on six real-world datasets by 7.33% and 4.65% respectively. |
SemPA: Improving Sentence Embeddings of Large Language Models through Semantic Preference Alignment (2026.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Existing sentence embedding methods rely on fixed prompt templates or involve modifications to the model architecture, compromising its generative capabilities. |
| Approach: | They propose a sentence-level direct preference optimization approach that boosts the sentence representations while preserving the generative ability of LLMs. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method improves representations of semantically meaningful vectors without sacrificing generation capability. |
Monte Carlo Tree Search Based Prompt Autogeneration for Jailbreak Attacks against LLMs (2025.coling-main)
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| Challenge: | Jailbreak attacks craft specific prompts or append adversarial suffixes to prompts, thereby inducing language models to generate harmful or unethical content and bypassing the model’s safety guardrails. |
| Approach: | They propose a Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) based Prompt Auto-generation (MPA) method to generate adversarial suffixes for valid jailbreak attacks. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method outperforms existing methods on open-source and closed-source models and shows that it can generate harmful responses. |
Enhancing Multimodal Named Entity Recognition through Adaptive Mixup Image Augmentation (2025.coling-main)
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| Challenge: | Current named entity recognition methods struggle with text-image mismatch problem due to a lack of visual context. |
| Approach: | They propose an adaptive mixup image augmentation method that generates augmented images based on matching score between text and image . |
| Outcome: | The proposed method can be integrated into existing models and demonstrate consistent performance improvements. |
Mitigating Gender Bias for Neural Dialogue Generation with Adversarial Learning (2020.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Recent research shows that dialogue systems trained on human conversation data are biased and can produce responses that reflect people’s gender prejudice. |
| Approach: | They propose a novel adversarial learning framework Debiased-Chat to train dialogue models free from gender bias while keeping their performance. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework significantly reduces gender bias in dialogue models while maintaining the response quality. |
S2SQL: Injecting Syntax to Question-Schema Interaction Graph Encoder for Text-to-SQL Parsers (2022.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Existing graph-based encoders for text-to-SQL do not model the syntax of natural language questions. |
| Approach: | They propose to inject Syntax to question-Schema graph encoder for text-to-SQL parsers and employ the decoupling constraint to induce diverse relational edge embedding. |
| Outcome: | The proposed approach outperforms all existing methods when pre-training models are used, resulting in a performance ranks first on the Spider leaderboard. |
On the Use of Bert for Automated Essay Scoring: Joint Learning of Multi-Scale Essay Representation (2022.naacl-main)
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| Challenge: | Pre-trained models have not been used to outperform other deep learning models such as CNN in Automated Essay Scoring (AES). |
| Approach: | They propose a novel multi-scale essay representation for BERT that can be jointly learned . they employ multiple losses and transfer learning from out-of-domain essays to further improve performance . |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms existing models in the area of automated essay scoring . the proposed model generalizes well to the CommonLit Readability Prize data set . |
WenetSpeech-Wu: Datasets, Benchmarks, and Models for a Unified Chinese Wu Dialect Speech Processing Ecosystem (2026.findings-acl)
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Chengyou Wang, Mingchen Shao, Jingbin Hu, Zeyu Zhu, Hongfei Xue, Bingshen Mu, Xin Xu, Xingyi Duan, Binbin Zhang, Zhu Pengcheng, Chuang Ding, Xiaojun Zhang, Hui Bu, Lei Xie
| Challenge: | despite its linguistic significance, the Wu dialect of Chinese has long been hindered by the lack of large-scale speech data, standardized evaluation benchmarks, and publicly available models. |
| Approach: | They propose to use WenetSpeech-Wu as a large-scale, multi-dimensionally annotated open-source speech corpus for the Wu dialect of Chinese. |
| Outcome: | The proposed dataset includes 8,000 hours of speech data and strong open-source models . the proposed dataset is competitive and empirically validated . |
When KV Cache Reuse Fails in Multi-Agent Systems: Cross-Candidate Interaction is Crucial for LLM Judges (2026.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Multi-agent LLMs generate multiple candidate responses that are aggregated by an LLM judge. |
| Approach: | They propose to advocate KV cache reuse across partially shared contexts and report substantial speedups for generation agents. |
| Outcome: | The proposed reuse strategies weaken cross-candidate attention, especially for later candidate blocks, and highlight judge-centric inference as a distinct regime that requires dedicated, risk-aware system design. |
Chinese SimpleQA: A Chinese Factuality Evaluation for Large Language Models (2025.acl-long)
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Yancheng He, Shilong Li, Jiaheng Liu, Yingshui Tan, Weixun Wang, Hui Huang, Xingyuan Bu, Hangyu Guo, Chengwei Hu, Boren Zheng, Zhuoran Lin, Dekai Sun, Zhicheng Zheng, Wenbo Su, Bo Zheng
| Challenge: | Current frontier models sometimes generate false outputs or answers that are not substantiated by evidence. |
| Approach: | They propose Chinese SimpleQA, a Chinese benchmark to evaluate LLMs' factuality . they focus on Chinese language over 6 major topics with 99 diverse subtopics . |
| Outcome: | The Chinese SimpleQA benchmark evaluates the factuality ability of LLMs . the questions and answers are short and easy-to-evaluate . |
HCRE: LLM-based Hierarchical Classification for Cross-Document Relation Extraction with a Prediction-then-Verification Strategy (2026.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Existing approaches to cross-document relation extraction (RE) focus on identifying relations between head and tail entities from single sentence or document. |
| Approach: | They propose a hierarchical relation tree-based LLM-based hierarchic classification model for cross-document relation extraction (HCRE) based on predefined relations, the model can perform hierarchically classification level by level. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms existing baselines and validates its effectiveness. |
A Reward-Guided Dual-Phase Framework for Adaptive Inference-Time Reasoning (2026.findings-acl)
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Yingqian Cui, Zhenwei Dai, Pengfei He, Bing He, Hui Liu, Zhan Shi, Xianfeng Tang, Jingying Zeng, Suhang Wang, Yue Xing, Jiliang Tang, Benoit Dumoulin
| Challenge: | Large Language Models (LLMs) have made strong progress in reasoning. |
| Approach: | They propose a dual-phase test-time scaling framework that separates planning and execution and performs search over each phase independently. |
| Outcome: | Experiments on math reasoning and code generation benchmarks show that the proposed approach improves accuracy while reducing redundant computation. |
PaRaDe: Passage Ranking using Demonstrations with LLMs (2023.findings-emnlp)
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Andrew Drozdov, Honglei Zhuang, Zhuyun Dai, Zhen Qin, Razieh Rahimi, Xuanhui Wang, Dana Alon, Mohit Iyyer, Andrew McCallum, Donald Metzler, Kai Hui
| Challenge: | Existing studies show that large language models can be instructed to perform zero-shot passage re-ranking . Existing work like UPR demonstrate promising results for zero- shot ranking using LLMs . |
| Approach: | They propose a demonstration selection strategy based on difficulty rather than semantic similarity . they propose to include only one demonstration in the prompt to improve re-ranking . |
| Outcome: | The proposed method improves LLM-based re-ranking by adding one demonstration to the prompt. |
Different Data, Different Modalities! Reinforced Data Splitting for Effective Multimodal Information Extraction from Social Media Posts (2022.coling-1)
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| Challenge: | Recent multimodal information extraction approaches overestimate the significance of images. |
| Approach: | They propose a general data splitting strategy to divide social media posts into two sets to achieve better performance under information extraction models of the corresponding modalities. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method outperforms existing models on two different multimodal information extraction tasks. |
CLLE: A Benchmark for Continual Language Learning Evaluation in Multilingual Machine Translation (2022.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | Existing benchmarks for Continual Language Learning (CLL) are limited due to the complexity of the task and the lack of unified benchmarks. |
| Approach: | They propose a Continual Language Learning Evaluation benchmark CLLE in multilingual translation. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method is effective when compared with other strong benchmarks. |
From Completion to Editing: Unlocking Context-Aware Code Infilling via Search-and-Replace Instruction Tuning (2026.acl-long)
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Jiajun Zhang, Zeyu Cui, Jiaxi Yang, Lei Zhang, Yuheng Jing, Zeyao Ma, Tianyi Bai, Zilei Wang, Qiang Liu, Liang Wang, Binyuan Hui, Junyang Lin
| Challenge: | Fill-in-the-Middle (FIM) models suffer from performance degradation and prohibitive latency. |
| Approach: | They propose a search-and-replace infilling framework that integrates agentic verification and editing into a single-pass inference process. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework harmonizes completion tasks with the instruction-following priors of Chat LLMs, extending the paradigm from static infilling to dynamic context-aware editing. |
NLP+Code: Code Intelligence in Language Models (2025.emnlp-tutorials)
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| Challenge: | Language models have shown impressive abilities in a range of natural language processing tasks. |
| Approach: | This tutorial will provide an overview of the latest advances in natural language processing . it will provide preliminaries of training foundation models on code and their common practices . |
| Outcome: | This tutorial aims to provide an overview of recent advances in code modeling . it provides preliminaries of training foundation models on code and their common practices . |
From Scores to Preferences: Redefining Evaluation Paradigm for Speech Quality Reward Modeling (2026.findings-acl)
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Yifei Cao, Changhao Jiang, Jiabao Zhuang, Jiajun Sun, Ming Zhang, Zhiheng Xi, Hui Li, Shihan Dou, Yuran Wang, Yunke Zhang, Tao Ji, Tao Gui, Qi Zhang, Xuanjing Huang
| Challenge: | Experimental results show that the MOS-aware GRM significantly improves fine-grained speech quality discrimination. |
| Approach: | They propose a MOS-aware reward model that incorporates MOS gap into reward function during reinforcement learning. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model significantly improves fine-grained speech quality discrimination. |
SVD-LLM V2: Optimizing Singular Value Truncation for Large Language Model Compression (2025.naacl-long)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods for compressing Large Language Models suffer from significant truncation losses. |
| Approach: | They propose a novel method that optimizes singular value truncation in SVD compression . they use dynamic compression ratio allocation to balance the large tuncation loss . |
| Outcome: | The proposed method outperforms current state-of-the-art methods on ten datasets and five models on various scales. |
MoEC: A Memory-Routed Mixture-of-Experts Controller for Adaptive Minecraft Control (2026.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Existing systems rely on a monolithic policy to execute subgoals across varying contexts, causing inconsistent outcomes and scaling only partially mitigates. |
| Approach: | They propose a memory-routed mixtureof-experts controller for Adaptive Minecraft Control that routes via a subgoal-indexed expert memory and regulates capacity through failure-triggered expert growth and redundancy-aware consolidation. |
| Outcome: | The proposed controller shows significant gains in adaptability, robustness, and execution consistency over strong baselines. |
Exploring Speaker-Related Information in Spoken Language Understanding for Better Speaker Diarization (2023.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Current speaker diarization systems consider only acoustic information, resulting in performance degradation when encountering adverse acustic environment. |
| Approach: | They propose methods to extract speaker-related information from conversational semantics in multi-party meetings. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method improves on AISHELL-4 and AliMeeting datasets on speakers diarization and speaker-turn detection. |
Graph-Assisted Large Language Models: A Perspective on Mitigating Intrinsic Limitations (2026.findings-acl)
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Haitong Luo, Fali Wang, Weiyao Zhang, Xianren Zhang, Zhiwei Zhang, Tianxiang Zhao, Minhua Lin, Jiahao Zhang, Hui Liu, Xianfeng Tang, Qi He, Suhang Wang, Xuying Meng, Yujun Zhang
| Challenge: | Large language models exhibit intrinsic limitations such as knowledge cutoff, single-threaded reasoning that hinders finer-grained branch and aggregation, and rigid collaboration mechanisms that struggle to coordinate specialized capabilities. |
| Approach: | They propose a taxonomy spanning *Graph-Assisted Knowledge Augmentation*, *Graph Assisted Reasoning and Planning*, and *Graphed LLM Collaboration*. |
| Outcome: | The proposed models show that graphs can augment and correct LLMs and support dynamic coordination among experts and agents in collaborative settings. |
Investigating and Enhancing the Robustness of Large Multimodal Models Against Temporal Inconsistency (2025.acl-long)
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Jiafeng Liang, Shixin Jiang, Xuan Dong, Ning Wang, Zheng Chu, Hui Su, Jinlan Fu, Ming Liu, See-Kiong Ng, Bing Qin
| Challenge: | Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) have demonstrated impressive performance on general video comprehension benchmarks, but their robustness needs to be thoroughly investigated for broader applications. |
| Approach: | They propose a temporal robustness benchmark which introduces temporal inconsistency perturbations separately at the visual and textual modalities to assess the robustness of models. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method improves the model’s robustness and reliability in temporal analysis. |
Distilling Causal Effect of Data in Continual Few-shot Relation Learning (2024.lrec-main)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods for learning relational patterns from data are prone to catastrophic forgetting issues due to limited number of samples and continual training mode. |
| Approach: | They propose a unified causal framework for CFRL to restore causal effects from old data . they establish two additional causal paths from old to predictions by colliding with old data separately in the old feature space. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method is superior to existing state-of-the-art methods in CFRL task settings. |
Ranking-Based Autoencoder for Extreme Multi-label Classification (N19-1)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods to solve label dependency and noisy labeling problems are limited . experimental results show the proposed method is competitive to state-of-the-art methods . |
| Approach: | They propose a deep learning XML method with word-vector-based self-attention followed by ranking-based AutoEncoder architecture to solve these problems. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method is competitive to state-of-the-art methods on benchmark datasets. |
Answer-Supervised Question Reformulation for Enhancing Conversational Machine Comprehension (D19-58)
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| Challenge: | Existing question reformulation models are based on supervised question labels without considering feedback information from answers. |
| Approach: | They propose a question reformulation model that integrates conversational history information with reinforcement learning. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model is more effective in conversational machine comprehension with reinforcement learning. |
Multimodal Recommendation Dialog with Subjective Preference: A New Challenge and Benchmark (2023.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Existing multimodal task-oriented dialog data fails to demonstrate the diverse expressions of user subjective preferences and recommendation acts in the real-life shopping scenario. |
| Approach: | They propose a multimodal task-oriented dialog dataset with subjective preferences and recommendation acts that is well-annotated with sales experts. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model is powered by a state-of-the-art multimodal model for these tasks. |
Interpretable Multimodal Misinformation Detection with Logic Reasoning (2023.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods for misinformation detection lack interpretability due to the black-box nature of the neural network. |
| Approach: | They propose a logic-based neural model which integrates interpretable logic clauses to express the reasoning process of the target task. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model can be generalizable across multiple misinformation sources and is based on three public datasets. |
Upcycling Instruction Tuning from Dense to Mixture-of-Experts via Parameter Merging (2025.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods for tuning large language models from dense to MoE face significant data requirements and require large-scale post-training. |
| Approach: | They propose an upcycling instruction tuning approach for tuning a dense pre-trained model into a MoE instruction model using genetic algorithm and parameter merging. |
| Outcome: | The proposed approach improves the performance of large language models with a small amount of seed data and improves their scaling. |
A.S.E: A Repository-Level Benchmark for Evaluating Security in AI-Generated Code (2026.findings-acl)
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Keke Lian, Wang Bin, Lei Zhang, Libo Chen, Junjie Wang, Ziming Zhao, Yujiu Yang, Miaoqian Lin, Haotong Duan, Haoran Zhao, Shuang Liao, Mingda Guo, Quan Jiazheng, Yilu Zhong, Chenhao He, Chen Zichuan, Jie Wu, Haoling Li, Zhaoxuan Li, Jiongchi Yu, Hui LI, Dong Zhang
| Challenge: | Existing security evaluation benchmarks lack relevance to real-world AI programming tasks . current LLMs struggle with secure coding, research shows . |
| Approach: | They propose a repository-level evaluation benchmark to assess security of AI-generated code. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework mirrors real-world AI programming tasks and offers valuable insights into the state of AI code generation. |
Why Steering Works: Toward a Unified View of Language Model Parameter Dynamics (2026.acl-long)
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Ziwen Xu, Chenyan WU, Hengyu Sun, Haiwen Hong, Mengru Wang, Yunzhi Yao, Longtao Huang, Hui Xue, Shumin Deng, Zhixuan Chu, Huajun Chen, Ningyu Zhang
| Challenge: | Methods for controlling large language models (LLMs) are often studied in isolation, obscuring connections and making comparison difficult. |
| Approach: | They propose a preference-utility analysis that separates control effects into preference and utility, and measures both on a shared log-odds scale using polarity-paired contrastive examples. |
| Outcome: | The proposed approach improves preference while preserving utility. |
The Lower The Simpler: Simplifying Hierarchical Recurrent Models (N19-1)
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| Challenge: | Using a simplified version of GRU, we replace the GRUs at the middle layers of hierarchical recurrent models with Fixed-size Ordinally-Forgetting Encoding (FOFE). |
| Approach: | They propose to make the lower layers simpler than the upper ones to simplify two typical hierarchical recurrent models, namely Hierarchical Recurrent Encoder-Decoder (HRED) and R-NET, whose basic building block is GRU. |
| Outcome: | The proposed models contain less trainable parameters, consume less training time, and achieve slightly better performance than baseline models. |
UniPSDA: Unsupervised Pseudo Semantic Data Augmentation for Zero-Shot Cross-Lingual Natural Language Understanding (2024.lrec-main)
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| Challenge: | Existing studies rely on shallow unsupervised data generated by token surface matching regardless of global context-aware semantics of the surrounding text tokens. |
| Approach: | They propose an Unsupervised Pseudo Semantic Data Augmentation mechanism to enrich training data without human intervention. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model improves on general zero-shot cross-lingual understanding tasks on different languages without human intervention. |
Explaining Length Bias in LLM-Based Preference Evaluations (2025.findings-emnlp)
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Zhengyu Hu, Linxin Song, Jieyu Zhang, Zheyuan Xiao, Tianfu Wang, Zhengyu Chen, Nicholas Jing Yuan, Jianxun Lian, Kaize Ding, Hui Xiong
| Challenge: | a preference evaluation metric is often biased towards longer responses, revealing a reliability problem . a decomposition of the preference evaluation into two components is needed to understand this bias. |
| Approach: | They propose to decompose the preference evaluation metric into two key components . the first component is length-dependent and related to trustworthiness . |
| Outcome: | The proposed evaluation metric is based on two components: desirability and information mass. |
SpeechLLM-as-Judges: Towards General and Interpretable Speech Quality Evaluation (2026.acl-long)
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Hui Wang, Jinghua Zhao, Yifan Yang, Shujie Liu, Junyang Chen, Yanzhe Zhang, Shiwan Zhao, Jinyu Li, Jiaming Zhou, Haoqin Sun, Yan Lu, Yong Qin
| Challenge: | Existing methods for evaluating the perceptual quality of synthetic speech are limited due to the complexity of perceptual quality factors and the diversity of speech generation tasks. |
| Approach: | They propose a new paradigm for enabling large language models to conduct structured speech quality evaluation using a large-scale dataset. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model performs well across tasks and languages. |
Mitigating Biases of Large Language Models in Stance Detection with Counterfactual Augmented Calibration (2025.naacl-long)
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Ang Li, Jingqian Zhao, Bin Liang, Lin Gui, Hui Wang, Xi Zeng, Xingwei Liang, Kam-Fai Wong, Ruifeng Xu
| Challenge: | Large language models generate biased stances due to spurious correlations and preference towards certain individuals and topics. |
| Approach: | They propose a counterfactual Augmented Calibration Network to calibrate potential bias in stance detection of large language models. |
| Outcome: | The proposed calibration network can mitigate biases of large language models, achieving state-of-the-art results. |