Challenge: In encoder-decoder neural models, multiple encoders are used to represent contextual information in addition to the individual sentence.
Approach: They propose to use multiple context encoders to encode the individual sentences in document-level neural machine translation (NMT) They propose a noisy dropout setup and a single-encoder approach to encode context sentences.
Outcome: The proposed approach encodes the context and the current sentence without contexts.

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Challenge: Recent work has cast doubt on whether context-aware machine translation models learn useful signals from context or are improvements in automatic evaluation metrics just a side-effect.
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A Simple and Effective Unified Encoder for Document-Level Machine Translation (2020.acl-main)

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Challenge: Existing models for document-level machine translation use two separate encoders to model the source sentences and document- level contexts.
Approach: They propose a unified encoder that can outperform existing models of dual-encoder models . they propose to use document-level contexts to model the interaction between the contexts and the source sentences .
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Divide and Rule: Effective Pre-Training for Context-Aware Multi-Encoder Translation Models (2022.acl-long)

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Challenge: Multi-encoder models aim to improve translation quality by encoding document-level contextual information alongside the current sentence.
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Exploiting Sentential Context for Neural Machine Translation (P19-1)

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Challenge: Existing approaches to exploit sentential context for machine translation are not well studied.
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Breaking the Corpus Bottleneck for Context-Aware Neural Machine Translation with Cross-Task Pre-training (2021.acl-long)

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Challenge: Context-aware neural machine translation (NMT) remains challenging due to the lack of large-scale document-level parallel corpora.
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Multi-Source Text Classification for Multilingual Sentence Encoder with Machine Translation (2024.naacl-srw)

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Challenge: Pre-trained multilingual sentence encoders suffer from performance degradation for non-English languages.
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Improving the Transformer Translation Model with Document-Level Context (D18-1)

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Challenge: Existing models for document-level context translation ignore documentlevel context.
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Beyond Decoder-only: Large Language Models Can be Good Encoders for Machine Translation (2025.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Recent advances in machine translation have focused on a single pre-trained decoder . encoder-decoder architectures have received relatively little attention in NMT .
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Multi-Hop Transformer for Document-Level Machine Translation (2021.naacl-main)

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Challenge: Existing approaches to document-level neural machine translation (NMT) simply introduce the representations of context sentences without explicitly characterizing the inter-sentence reasoning process.
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When and Why is Document-level Context Useful in Neural Machine Translation? (D19-65)

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Challenge: Recent advances in document-level NMT focus on sophisticated integration of the context, explaining its improvement with only a few selected examples or targeted test sets.
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Outcome: The proposed model is not interpretable as utilizing the context, and a long context is not helpful for NMT.

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