Papers by Xiaoyu Wang
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| Challenge: | Recent studies have focused on enhancing reward models through data improvements, following the conventional training framework for reward models that directly optimizes the predicted rewards. |
| Approach: | They propose a hybrid alignment framework **HAF-RM** that incorporates additional constraint on token-level policy probabilities in addition to the reward score. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework can supervise the internal preference model at the token level and optimize the mapping layer of the reward model at sequence level. |
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| Challenge: | Existing benchmarks for mathematical reasoning are becoming less effective due to performance saturation. |
| Approach: | They propose to use a mathematical reasoning benchmark with Olympiad difficulty to evaluate top-tier LLMs. |
| Outcome: | The proposed benchmarks are cross-validated by experts to meet IMO difficulty standards and entirely original problems to prevent performance leakages from data memorization. |
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| Challenge: | Large vision-language models are prone to hallucinations, where contextual cues in an image can trigger the language module to produce overconfident and incorrect reasoning about abnormal or hypothetical objects. |
| Approach: | They propose to automate the generation of hallucination-related questions using images . they propose to use three image manipulation strategies to induce hallucinosity . |
| Outcome: | The proposed approach reduces human bias in crafting such examples and improves accuracy. |
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| Challenge: | Existing methods for generating large language models rely on student-generated outputs, which introduce generation errors and misguide the distillation process. |
| Approach: | They propose a multi-granularity semantic revision method for LLM distillation that corrects errors using teacher-generated tokens and re-generates the sequence to minimize errors. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method reduces errors and misguides distillation on student models and improves consistency between teacher and student outputs. |
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| Challenge: | Existing defenses for Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) depend on costly fine-tuning and additional expert knowledge, which limits their scalability. |
| Approach: | They propose an inference-time safeguard for Large Reasoning Models that injects safety aha moments into the reasoning process to guide the model towards harmless yet helpful reasoning. |
| Outcome: | The proposed safeguard outperforms nine existing safeguards while avoiding common exaggerated safety issues. |
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| Challenge: | Existing research on fact verification focuses on news, tables and Wikipedia passages. |
| Approach: | They propose a question-answering dialogue based fact verification with mixture of experts that exploits questions and evidence effectively in the verification process. |
| Outcome: | The proposed approach outperforms previous approaches on three benchmark datasets and achieves state-of-the-art results. |
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| Challenge: | Existing models rank statements solely by confidence scores, and there is no information about which ones are salient from a human perspective. |
| Approach: | They propose a task where a model is required to learn whether a triple is salient . they propose supervised salience evaluation using a new Benchmark dataset . |
| Outcome: | The proposed task is based on a new Benchmark dataset of salience evaluation in e-commerce . it shows that saliency evaluation is hard, where models perform poorly on evaluation set . |
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| Challenge: | a lack of sufficient training data for some categories can cause imbalanced data distributions . a weak classifier may miscategorize a request, resulting in customer dissatisfaction . |
| Approach: | They propose to use random resampling, word-level transformations and neural text generation to augment existing data to cope with imbalanced data. |
| Outcome: | The proposed methods improve utterance classification results by drawing on utterant variation. |
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| Challenge: | Emotional support conversation (ESC) aims to alleviate the emotional distress of individuals through effective conversations. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework that bootstraps the planning during ESC and determines the optimal strategy based on long-term returns. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework outperforms baseline models on ESC datasets and can be used to guide the LLM to response. |
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| Challenge: | Existing benchmarks for large language models (LLMs) are coarse, single-dimensional metrics and do not explicitly assess fine-grained legal reasoning. |
| Approach: | They propose a Practical Law Benchmark to evaluate large language models in real-world legal practice scenarios. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model is based on 850 questions and 13 scenarios with expert-designed evaluation rubrics. |
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| Challenge: | Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown great potential to enhance Natural Language Processing (NLP) models in areas such as predictive accuracy, fairness, robustness, and explainability. |
| Approach: | They evaluate or improve generative Large Language Models from a causal perspective in areas such as reasoning capacity, fairness and safety issues, explainability, and handling multimodality. |
| Outcome: | The proposed models can be used to perform causal relationship discovery and causal effect estimation tasks. |
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| Challenge: | Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly aligned with human preferences through Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF). |
| Approach: | a new study proposes a domain-informed self-consistency policy optimization extension to GRPO that addresses inter-group imbalance. |
| Outcome: | a new extension of GRPO addresses inter-group imbalance with two key innovations . the proposed method outperforms existing GR PO variants by 5% on Qwen3 models . |
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| Challenge: | Identifying and understanding the pathogenesis of genetic diseases is an essential task. |
| Approach: | They propose a joint deep learning model for gene mutation-disease knowledge extraction that adapts the state-of-the-art hierarchical multi-task learning framework for joint inference on named entity recognition and relation extraction. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model achieves the average score of 0.45 on recognizing gene activities and disease entities and the average F1 score of 0.3 on extracting relations, ranking 1st in the AGAC RE task. |
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| Challenge: | Large Language Models (LLMs) have a global audience, so alignment must extend to cultural resonance. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework that frames alignment as a conditional capacity separation problem. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework outperforms both dense baselines and semantic-only MoEs on three large language models. |
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| Challenge: | Existing models for word-level autocompletion (WLAC) only use human typed sequences as prefixes in decoding module. |
| Approach: | They propose a novel iterative nonautoregressive instruct generation model for WLAC task . it uses human typed sequences and iterating decoding with subwords to fully utilize input information. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model is more competent in dealing with low-frequency words, and achieves state-of-the-art results on the WMT22 and benchmark datasets. |
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| Challenge: | a production-grade pricing system for tourism is challenging due to unstructured nature of travel orders and ever-evolving pricing policies. |
| Approach: | They propose a production-grade pricing system with a strict decision boundary . they propose to combine structured extraction and bounded policy/path selection with interpretable condition trees . |
| Outcome: | The proposed system processed 3,960 orders in six months and reduced the order management team from 15-20 to 3 . the system reduced the per-order handling time from 10 minutes to 2 minutes. |
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| Challenge: | a framework for constructing dialogue world models for natural language tasks is currently lacking. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework that can be used to train a dialogue world model. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework can predict future utterances and user beliefs . it can achieve state-of-the-art performance on emotion classification and sentiment identification . |
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| Challenge: | In-context learning is a popular inference strategy where large language models solve a task using only a few labeled demonstrations without updating the model parameters. |
| Approach: | They conduct multidimensional analysis of multilingual in-context learning using 5 models from different model families and 9 datasets covering classification and generation tasks. |
| Outcome: | The results show that demonstrations vary significantly across models, tasks, and languages. |
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| Challenge: | Existing evaluations of LLMs in finance are text-only, monolingual, and largely saturated by current models. |
| Approach: | They propose a multilingual and multimodal benchmark for evaluating LLMs in real financial contexts. |
| Outcome: | The first expert-annotated multilingual and multimodal benchmark is released . it evaluates 21 leading LLMs and shows they perform better in multilingual settings . |
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| Challenge: | Existing definitions of streaming LLMs are fragmented and lack a systematic taxonomy . large language models are pre-trained on static and full-context corpora . |
| Approach: | They propose a systematic taxonomy of current streaming Large Language Models and propose underlying methodologies for streaming LLMs. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model is based on data flow and dynamic interaction to clarify existing ambiguities. |
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| Challenge: | Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated proficiency in handling a variety of visual-language tasks, but their ability to extrapolate from image sequences has been less investigated. |
| Approach: | They propose a new benchmark to assess MLLMs’ sequential image reasoning abilities. |
| Outcome: | The proposed benchmark features 4,761 diverse image sequences with varying lengths. |
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| Challenge: | Existing methods to train large language models on private data are not effective because they rely on a local model for generation, resulting in a performance decline, or expose private data to API servers. |
| Approach: | They propose a client-server framework which enhances synthetic data quality and improves model performance while ensuring privacy. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework improves model performance and privacy while learning local knowledge from the private data with differential privacy (DP) and distilling professional knowledge from server. |
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| Challenge: | Current methods require large amount of bilingual training data, which is challenging and sometimes impossible task. |
| Approach: | They propose a method to modify the style of inputs by modifying the source side of BT data. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method significantly improves translation quality against popular BT benchmarks on high-resource and low-resourced language pairs. |
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| Challenge: | Existing paradigms for bilevel optimization require second-order information, making it difficult to scale them up. |
| Approach: | They propose a scalable instantiation of a bilevel optimization paradigm for large-scale LLMs by using a memory-efficient training technique. |
| Outcome: | The proposed paradigm scales to 30B-sized LLMs on 8H100 GPUs. |
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| Challenge: | Existing models lack the ability to adhere to instructions, resulting in suboptimal performance. |
| Approach: | They propose an automated iterative instruction-following benchmark with integrated feedback mechanism. |
| Outcome: | The proposed benchmark identifies erroneous components in model responses and provides feedback accurately. |
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| Challenge: | Remote sensing images are used for disaster assessment, urban planning and disaster response. |
| Approach: | They propose a Scene Graph and Dependency Grammar Enhanced Remote Sensing Change Caption Network to improve the accuracy and naturalness of extracting and describing change information from remote sensing images. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method improves the naturalness and accuracy of extracting and describing change information from remote sensing images. |
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| Challenge: | Large language models (LLMs) are widely deployed as domain-specific agents, but evaluation of their capabilities in such contexts has not been fully explored. |
| Approach: | They propose a benchmark to evaluate LLMs' ability to follow instructions and make decisions in real-world scenarios. |
| Outcome: | The proposed benchmark is constructed from real-world business data and adapted into 23 complex SOP scenarios. |
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| Challenge: | Low-rank adaptation (LoRA) is an efficient approach for adapting large language models (LLMs) but many of the weights in these matrices are redundant, leading to inefficiencies in parameter utilization. |
| Approach: | They propose a low-rank adaptation approach that fine-tunes two low-ranked matrices and adapts them through a dense low-Rank matrix, improving parameter utilization and adaptation efficiency. |
| Outcome: | The proposed approach achieves 83.8% accuracy with only 0.01% of trainable parameters compared to LoRA's 80.8% with 0.70% of trainability parameters on LLaMA3-8B. |
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| Challenge: | Large Language Models (LLMs) are becoming a fundamental tool for various natural language processing tasks due to commercial reasons, the potential risk of misuse and expensive tuning cost. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework for constructing an effective LLM services invocation strategy that best meets task demands. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework classifies existing methods into four categories: input abstraction, semantic cache, solution design, and output enhancement, which can be used separately or jointly during the invocation life cycle. |
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| Challenge: | Large Language Models (LLMs) have advanced multi-turn conversation systems, emphasizing the need for proactive guidance to enhance users’ interactions. |
| Approach: | They propose a goal-adaptive supervised fine-tuning framework that generates proactive guidance for users to click for the next turn of the conversation. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework achieves 86.10% accuracy in offline evaluation (+23.95% over baseline) and 25.28% CTR in online deployment (149.06% relative improvement). |
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| Challenge: | InternLM-Law is a large language model (LLM) tailored for addressing diverse legal tasks related to Chinese laws. |
| Approach: | They introduce a large language model (LLM) tailored for addressing diverse legal tasks related to Chinese laws. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model performs better than existing models in a variety of legal tasks related to Chinese laws. |
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| Challenge: | Existing TableQA benchmarks focus on simple flat tables and suffer from data leakage . current benchmarks are monolingual and fail to capture cross-lingual variability . |
| Approach: | They propose a table-based TableQA benchmark to evaluate LLMs on real-world tasks. |
| Outcome: | The proposed benchmarks show that they achieve high agreement with human judgment . the proposed framework improves on the alignment between model responses and reference answers . |
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| Challenge: | Knowledge distillation (KD) is a promising solution for large language models, but their deployment remains computationally expensive. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework which iteratively balances training data within a fixed computational budget and enables the transfer of knowledge from expensive teacher LLMs to smaller student models. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework achieves state-of-the-art performance across diverse long-tailed datasets, enhancing both the efficiency and efficacy of the distilled models. |
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| Challenge: | Existing benchmarks that treat hallucinations as isolated errors neglect causal dependencies between visual perception and textual reasoning. |
| Approach: | They propose a Knowledge-Guided In-Context Probing framework that constructs a dual-perception ground truth to transform abstract priors into multi-granularity queries. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework isolates deep reasoning failures from simple perceptual misses. |
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| Challenge: | Fine-tuning and in-context learning are two prevalent methods in imbuing large language models with task-specific knowledge. |
| Approach: | They propose to use a circuit shift theory to explain why in-context learning is superior to fine-tuning for tasks with implicit patterns. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method can grasp deep patterns and significantly improve accuracy on implicit patterns, compared with fine-tuning and in-context learning. |
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| Challenge: | Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs)-based Role-Playing Language Agents (RPLAs) have attracted broad attention in various applications. |
| Approach: | They propose a benchmark for evaluating character thought generation using literature . they propose 'MIRROR' which generates character thoughts by retrieving memories, predicting character reactions, and synthesizing motivations. |
| Outcome: | The proposed benchmark outperforms existing methods in evaluating character thought generation. |
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| Challenge: | Recent model merging-based methods struggle to effectively manage the trade-off between learning new knowledge and preventing catastrophic forgetting. |
| Approach: | They propose a model merging framework that utilizes learning and forgetting signals from the training trajectory to dynamically monitor the model’s training status. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework achieves significant performance improvements over existing state-of-the-art methods on three CL benchmarks with various model sizes (from 770M to 13B). |
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| Challenge: | Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as the new recommendation engines, surpassing traditional methods in both capability and scope, particularly in code generation. |
| Approach: | They propose to use a dataset to investigate a new type of bias in Large Language Models for code generation, provider bias, to determine whether the model favors specific providers. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model favors services from Google and Amazon, but without explicit directives, and can modify input code to incorporate their preferred providers without user requests. |
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| Challenge: | Large Language Models have revolutionized Natural Language Processing but their application in extracting information from visually rich documents has not been successful. |
| Approach: | They propose a language model-based document information extraction and localization methodology to reframe the document information extract task for a LLM. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method enables extraction of singular, repeated, and hierarchical entities with and without training data. |
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| Challenge: | Existing approaches to textual robustness evaluation focus on slightly modifying the input data, which maintains the original meaning and results in a different prediction. |
| Approach: | They propose a multilingual robustness evaluation toolkit for NLP that integrates universal text transformations, task-specific transformations and adversarial attack. |
| Outcome: | The toolkit includes universal text transformation, task-specific transformation, adversarial attack, subpopulation, and their combinations to provide comprehensive robustness analyses. |
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| Challenge: | Existing ABSA test sets cannot be used to distinguish the sentiment of the target aspect from the non-target aspect. |
| Approach: | They propose a simple but effective approach to enrich ABSA test sets by disentangle the confounding sentiments of non-target aspects from the target aspect’s sentiment. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model can distinguish the sentiment of the non-target aspects from the target aspect’s sentiment by using the Aspect Robustness Test Set (ARTS). |