Challenge: Experimental results show that deep training is 1:4 faster than training from scratch.
Approach: They propose a shallow-to-deep training method that learns deep models by stacking shallow models.
Outcome: The proposed method is 1:4 faster than training from scratch and achieves BLEU scores of 30:33 and 43:29 on two translation tasks.

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Depth Growing for Neural Machine Translation (P19-1)

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Challenge: Neural machine translation models with tens and even more than a hundred blocks have shown effectiveness in image recognition.
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Training Deeper Neural Machine Translation Models with Transparent Attention (D18-1)

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Challenge: Deep learning has demonstrated performance advantages in a wide range of natural language processing tasks.
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Challenge: Existing approaches to exploit sentential context for machine translation are not well studied.
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Challenge: Neural machine translation models with deeper neural networks are difficult to train.
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Challenge: Recent work in multilingual translation has improved translation quality surpassing bilingual baselines using deep transformer models with increased capacity.
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DEEP: DEnoising Entity Pre-training for Neural Machine Translation (2022.acl-long)

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Challenge: Earlier named entity translation methods focus on phonetic transliteration, which ignores the sentence context for translation.
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Revisiting Low-Resource Neural Machine Translation: A Case Study (P19-1)

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Challenge: Recent research has shown that neural machine translation models are highly data-inefficient and underperform phrase-based statistical machine translation (PBSMT) in low-resource settings.
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