Papers by Wei Shen
A Survey of Large Language Models in Psychotherapy: Current Landscape and Future Directions (2025.findings-acl)
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Hongbin Na, Yining Hua, Zimu Wang, Tao Shen, Beibei Yu, Lilin Wang, Wei Wang, John Torous, Ling Chen
| Challenge: | Large language models (LLMs) can handle extensive context and multi-turn reasoning. |
| Approach: | They propose a taxonomy dividing psychotherapy into stages of assessment, diagnosis, and treatment to examine LLM advancements and challenges. |
| Outcome: | The proposed taxonomy reveals imbalances in current research, such as a focus on common disorders, linguistic biases, fragmented methods, and limited theoretical integration. |
HAF-RM: A Hybrid Alignment Framework for Reward Model Training (2025.acl-long)
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Shujun Liu, Xiaoyu Shen, Yuhang Lai, Siyuan Wang, Shengbin Yue, Zengfeng Huang, Xuanjing Huang, Zhongyu Wei
| Challenge: | Recent studies have focused on enhancing reward models through data improvements, following the conventional training framework for reward models that directly optimizes the predicted rewards. |
| Approach: | They propose a hybrid alignment framework **HAF-RM** that incorporates additional constraint on token-level policy probabilities in addition to the reward score. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework can supervise the internal preference model at the token level and optimize the mapping layer of the reward model at sequence level. |
PricingLogic: Evaluating LLMs Reasoning on Complex Tourism Pricing Tasks (2025.emnlp-main)
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Yunuo Liu, Dawei Zhu, Zena Al-Khalili, Dai Cheng, Yanjun Chen, Dietrich Klakow, Wei Zhang, Xiaoyu Shen
| Challenge: | Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across diverse domains, such as code generation, mathematical problem-solving, and general-purpose human instruction following. |
| Approach: | They propose to use large language models to process questions expressed in natural language to automate tourism-booking prices when multiple, overlapping farerules apply. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model can automate tourism-booking prices when multiple, overlapping farerules apply. |
Learning from Mistakes: Negative Reasoning Samples Enhance Out-of-Domain Generalization (2026.acl-long)
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Tian Xueyun, MingHua Ma, Bingbing Xu, Nuoyan Lyu, Wei Li, Heng Dong, Zheng Chu, Yuanzhuo Wang, Huawei Shen
| Challenge: | Recent studies show that supervised fine-tuning (SFT) is a common approach for reasoning in large language models. |
| Approach: | They propose to use supervised fine-tuning (SFT) on chain-of-thought trajectories demonstrations . they find that incorporating negative traxories yields substantial OOD generalization gains . |
| Outcome: | The proposed scheme yields 5.51% OOD gain over positive-only training. |
CPT-Agent: A Cognitive Process Theory-driven Framework for Student Simulation in Writing Development (2026.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Existing LLMs model overly capable learners who over-apply feedback, resulting in pedagogically implausible behavior. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework that decouples cognitive ability from writing proficiency and models their interaction during writing and revision. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model produces distinguishable proficiency levels and is consistent with instructional theories. |
To Diff or Not to Diff? Structure-Aware and Adaptive Output Formats for Efficient LLM-based Code Editing (2026.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used for code editing, yet the full-code generation paradigm suffers from severe efficiency bottlenecks. |
| Approach: | They propose to use a structure-aware diff format to train LLMs to choose the most token-efficient format between a given diff format and full code. |
| Outcome: | The proposed approach matches the most token-efficient format with full-code generation while reducing latency and cost by over 30% on long-code editing tasks. |
Enhancing Self-Attention with Knowledge-Assisted Attention Maps (2022.naacl-main)
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Jiangang Bai, Yujing Wang, Hong Sun, Ruonan Wu, Tianmeng Yang, Pengfei Tang, Defu Cao, Mingliang Zhang1, Yunhai Tong, Yaming Yang, Jing Bai, Ruofei Zhang, Hao Sun, Wei Shen
| Challenge: | Existing works of knowledge infusion depend on multi-task learning frameworks, which are inefficient and require large-scale retraining when new knowledge is considered. |
| Approach: | They propose a method which integrates knowledge-generated attention maps into the self-attention mechanism and integrates it into the model. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms existing methods on academic datasets and industry-scale ad relevance applications. |
LoRAMoE: Alleviating World Knowledge Forgetting in Large Language Models via MoE-Style Plugin (2024.acl-long)
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Shihan Dou, Enyu Zhou, Yan Liu, Songyang Gao, Wei Shen, Limao Xiong, Yuhao Zhou, Xiao Wang, Zhiheng Xi, Xiaoran Fan, Shiliang Pu, Jiang Zhu, Rui Zheng, Tao Gui, Qi Zhang, Xuanjing Huang
| Challenge: | Experimental results show that, as the instruction data increases, LoRAMoE can significantly improve the ability to process downstream tasks, while maintaining the world knowledge stored in the LLM. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework that introduces several low-rank adapters and integrates them by using a router network to freeze the backbone model and force a portion of LoRAs to focus on leveraging world knowledge to solve downstream tasks. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework freezes the backbone model and forces a portion of LoRAs to focus on leveraging world knowledge to solve downstream tasks, to alleviate world knowledge forgetting. |
WebClipper: Efficient Evolution of Web Agents with Graph-based Trajectory Pruning (2026.acl-long)
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Junjie Wang, Zequn Xie, Dan Yang, Jie Feng, Yue Shen, Duolin Sun, Meixiu Long, Yihan Jiao, Zhehao Tan, Jian Wang, Peng Wei, Jinjie Gu
| Challenge: | Open-source web agents rely on long tool-call trajectories with cyclic reasoning loops and exploration of unproductive branches. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework that compresses web agent trajectories via graph-based pruning. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework reduces tool-call rounds by 20% while improving accuracy and efficiency while maintaining the same level of performance as existing models. |
Learning to Plan for Retrieval-Augmented Large Language Models from Knowledge Graphs (2024.findings-emnlp)
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Junjie Wang, Mingyang Chen, Binbin Hu, Dan Yang, Ziqi Liu, Yue Shen, Peng Wei, Zhiqiang Zhang, Jinjie Gu, Jun Zhou, Jeff Pan, Wen Zhang, Huajun Chen
| Challenge: | Recent studies have attempted to enhance the performance of large language models (LLMs) in complex question-answering (QA) tasks by combining step-wise planning with external retrieval. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework for enhancing LLMs’ planning capabilities by using planning data derived from knowledge graphs (KGs). |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework improves LLMs’ planning capabilities by using knowledge graphs (KGs) the proposed framework is compared with existing frameworks on multiple datasets and shows that it is effective for large language models. |
Two Heads Are Better Than One: Improving Fake News Video Detection by Correlating with Neighbors (2023.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Existing frameworks for detecting fake news videos are limited . a new approach is proposed to integrate neighborhood information of new videos . |
| Approach: | They propose a framework for automatically detecting fake news videos . it integrates neighborhood relationship of new videos belonging to same event . |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework improves performance of existing detectors and graph aggregation and debunking rectification modules. |
Interpretable Composition Attribution Enhancement for Visio-linguistic Compositional Understanding (2024.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Despite promising progress, vision-language models still exhibit significant challenges in understanding visio-linguistic concepts beyond object terms. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework that encourages the model to pay greater attention to composition words denoting relationships and attributes within the text. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework improves the ability to discern intricate details and construct more sophisticated interpretations of combined visual and linguistic elements. |
A Multi-Agent Framework for High-Interaction Terminal Simulation (2026.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Terminal simulation is a problem of symbolic language generation in dialogue and interactive systems. |
| Approach: | They propose a terminal command-level Turing test framework that improves realism, consistency and robustness in command-language generation. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework outperforms state-of-the-art benchmarks by more than 9% on multi-turn terminal simulation. |
MLaKE: Multilingual Knowledge Editing Benchmark for Large Language Models (2025.coling-main)
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| Challenge: | Existing studies on knowledge editing focus on monolingual scenarios, neglecting the complexities presented by multilingual contexts and multi-hop reasoning. |
| Approach: | They propose a benchmark to evaluate the adaptability of multilingual knowledge editing methods. |
| Outcome: | The proposed benchmark evaluates the adaptability of multilingual knowledge editing methods across five languages. |
Visual Evidence Prompting Mitigates Hallucinations in Large Vision-Language Models (2025.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | LVLMs have shown impressive progress by integrating visual perception with linguistic understanding to produce contextually grounded outputs. |
| Approach: | They propose a visual evidence prompting method to mitigate hallucinations in large vision-language models by using small visual models to complement them. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method reduces hallucinations by reducing false activation and enhancing correct ones. |
VisiPruner: Decoding Discontinuous Cross-Modal Dynamics for Efficient Multimodal LLMs (2025.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) suffer from significant computational overhead due to the quadratic growth of attention computations with the number of multimodal tokens. |
| Approach: | They propose a training-free pruning framework that prunes multimodal tokens without a trained pruning method. |
| Outcome: | The proposed pruning framework outperforms existing token pruning methods and generalizes across diverse MLLMs. |
Mitigating Posterior Salience Attenuation in Long-Context LLMs with Positional Contrastive Decoding (2025.acl-short)
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| Challenge: | Current solutions incur prohibitive training costs, leaving statistical behaviors and cost-effective approaches underexplored. |
| Approach: | They propose a positional contrast decoding technique that contrasts long-aware attention with designed local-awn attention. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model achieves state-of-the-art performance on long-context benchmarks. |
Enhancing Emotion Recognition in Conversation via Multi-view Feature Alignment and Memorization (2023.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | Emotion recognition in conversation (ERC) is an advanced capability of conversational AI systems. |
| Approach: | They propose a semi-parametric paradigm for Emotion Recognition in conversation that uses supervised contrastive learning to align semantic-view and context-view features. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model achieves state-of-the-art on four widely used benchmarks. |
Pruning Large Language Models to Intra-module Low-rank Architecture with Transitional Activations (2024.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Structured pruning is a feasible solution for end-side LLM deployment . however, achieving a high compression ratio for scaled-up LLMs remains a challenge . |
| Approach: | They propose a task-agnostic structured pruning approach coupled with a compact Transformer architecture to prune LLMs into an intra-module low-rank architecture. |
| Outcome: | The proposed approach reduces transitional activations inside multi-head attention (MHA) and multi-layer perceptron (MLP) modules while preserving inter-module activations sensitive to perturbations. |
Unveiling the Unknown: Open-Set Entity Typing via Two-Stage Generation (2026.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Existing fine-grained entity typing models are susceptible to misclassify unknown-type instances . manual collection and annotation of large unknown-Type instances is time-consuming and labor-intensive in open environments. |
| Approach: | They propose a novel task that uses open-set entity typing to classify entities of unknown types . they propose 'two-stage generation model' that automatically produces large-scale pseudo unknown-type instances . |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework surpasses baselines on two newly established benchmark datasets. |
Leveraging Web-Crawled Data for High-Quality Fine-Tuning (2024.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | Currently, large language models are fine-tuned using expensive human-annotated data or GPT-4 generated data. |
| Approach: | They propose to use web-crawled data to train a language model on a smaller set of data . their results show that the model can convert web data with irregular formats into high-quality ones . |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms open-source models larger than 32B and outperformed open-sourced models such as GPT-3.5. |
Mem2ActBench: A Benchmark for Evaluating Long-Term Memory Utilization in Task-Oriented Autonomous Agents (2026.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Existing benchmarks focus on direct queries for a factual answer, but fail to evaluate the more crucial capability of actively applying memory to execute tasks. |
| Approach: | They propose a benchmark to evaluate whether agents can proactively leverage long-term memory to execute tool-based actions by selecting appropriate tools and grounding their parameters. |
| Outcome: | The proposed benchmarks show that 91.3% of tasks are memory-dependent . the benchmarks simulate persistent assistant usage, where users mention the same topic across long, interrupted interactions and expect previously established preferences and task states to be implicitly applied. |
STK-Adapter: Incorporating Evolving Graph and Event Chain for Temporal Knowledge Graph Extrapolation (2026.acl-long)
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Shuyuan Zhao, Wei Chen, Weijie Zhang, Xinrui Hou, Junfeng Shen, Boyan Shi, Shengnan Guo, Youfang Lin, Huaiyu Wan
| Challenge: | Temporal Knowledge Graphs (TKGs) store dynamic facts in the real world. |
| Approach: | They propose a Spatial-Temporal Knowledge Adapter which integrates the evolving graph encoder and the LLM to facilitate TKG reasoning. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art methods on benchmark datasets and exhibits strong generalization capabilities in cross-dataset task. |
Insert or Attach: Taxonomy Completion via Box Embedding (2024.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Existing taxonomy expansion methods embed concepts as vectors in Euclidean space, causing incorrectly model asymmetric relations. |
| Approach: | They propose to use box containment and center closeness to create geometric scorers that capture intrinsic relationships between concepts. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework outperforms existing methods on four real-world datasets. |
HIRAG: Hierarchical-Thought Instruction-Tuning Retrieval-Augmented Generation (2025.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | In-depth research on the specific capabilities needed by the RAG generation model is lacking, leading to inconsistent document quality and retrieval system imperfections. |
| Approach: | They propose that RAG models should possess three progressively hierarchical abilities: (1) Filtering: the ability to select relevant information; (2) Combination: the capability to combine semantic information across paragraphs; (3) RAG-specific reasoning: the capacity to further process external knowledge using internal knowledge. |
| Outcome: | Experiments show that the proposed method significantly improves the model’s open-book examination capability on datasets such as RGB, PopQA, MuSiQue, HotpotQA, and PubmedQA. |
Tackling Modality Heterogeneity with Multi-View Calibration Network for Multimodal Sentiment Detection (2023.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Existing studies focus on fusing different features but ignore the challenge of modality heterogeneity. |
| Approach: | They propose a text-guided fusion module with novel Sparse-Attention to reduce the negative impacts of redundant visual elements and a sentiment-based congruity constraint task to calibrate the feature shift in the representation space. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model is competitive against existing methods and achieves state-of-the-art results on two public benchmark datasets. |
Mitigating Action-Relation Hallucinations in LVLMs via Relation-aware Visual Enhancement (2026.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Existing research has focused on mitigating object hallucinations but often overlooks more complex relation hallucines, especially action relations involving interactions between objects. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework to locate action-relevant image regions and enhance the LVLM’s attention to those regions by using a Relation-aware Visual Enhancement method. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method achieves superior performance in mitigating action-relation hallucinations with negligible additional inference cost. |
PromptSculptor: Multi-Agent Based Text-to-Image Prompt Optimization (2025.emnlp-demos)
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| Challenge: | PromptSculptor automates the iterative prompt optimization process for Text-to-Image models . previous work focused on generating detailed, high-quality prompts based on user feedback . |
| Approach: | They propose a framework that decomposes a task into four specialized agents . they use Chain-of-Thought reasoning to transform a short, vague user prompt into a comprehensive, refined prompt. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework significantly improves output quality and reduces iterations needed for user satisfaction. |
Entailment Tree Explanations via Iterative Retrieval-Generation Reasoner (2022.findings-naacl)
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Danilo Neves Ribeiro, Shen Wang, Xiaofei Ma, Rui Dong, Xiaokai Wei, Henghui Zhu, Xinchi Chen, Peng Xu, Zhiheng Huang, Andrew Arnold, Dan Roth
| Challenge: | Large language models have achieved high performance on various natural language benchmarks, but the explainability of their output remains elusive. |
| Approach: | They propose an architecture called iterative retrieval-generation reasoner that generates an entailment tree that explains a given hypothesis by using premises from C. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms existing benchmarks on premise retrieval and entailment tree generation with around 300% gain in overall correctness. |
ChatSOP: An SOP-Guided MCTS Planning Framework for Controllable LLM Dialogue Agents (2025.acl-long)
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Zhigen Li, Jianxiang Peng, Yanmeng Wang, Yong Cao, Tianhao Shen, Minghui Zhang, Linxi Su, Shang Wu, Yihang Wu, YuQian Wang, Ye Wang, Wei Hu, Jianfeng Li, Shaojun Wang, Jing Xiao, Deyi Xiong
| Challenge: | Existing models that use Large Language Models (LLMs) show superior performance in various tasks, but lack of controllability leads to unfocused conversations or task failure. |
| Approach: | They propose a standard operating procedure (SOP) framework to regulate dialogue flow by integrating Chain of Thought reasoning and supervised fine-tuning for SOP prediction. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method achieves a 27.95% improvement in action accuracy compared to baseline models based on GPT-3.5 and also shows notable gains for open-source models. |
SAMoRA: Semantic-Aware Mixture of LoRA Experts for Task-Adaptive Learning (2026.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods for multitask learning fail to match input semantics with expert capabilities, leading to weak expert specialization. |
| Approach: | They propose a parameter-efficient mixture-of-experts framework for task-adaptive learning that aligns textual semantics with the most suitable experts for precise routing. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework outperforms the state-of-the-art methods and holds excellent task generalization capabilities. |
PLAWBENCH: A Rubric-Based Benchmark for Evaluating LLMs in Real-World Legal Practice (2026.acl-long)
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Yuzhen Shi, Huanghai Liu, Yiran HU, Song Gaojie, Xu Xinran, Yubo Ma, Tianyi Tang, Li Zhang, Qingjing Chen, Feng Di, Wenbo Lv, Weiheng Wu, Kexin Yang, Sen Yang, Wei Wang, Rongyao Shi, Qiu Yuanyang, Yuemeng Qi, Zhang Jingwen, Sui Xiaoyu, Yifan Chen, Zhang Yi, An Yang, Bowen Yu, Dayiheng Liu, Junyang Lin, Weixing Shen, Bing Zhao, Charles L. A. Clarke, HU Wei
| Challenge: | Existing benchmarks for large language models (LLMs) are coarse, single-dimensional metrics and do not explicitly assess fine-grained legal reasoning. |
| Approach: | They propose a Practical Law Benchmark to evaluate large language models in real-world legal practice scenarios. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model is based on 850 questions and 13 scenarios with expert-designed evaluation rubrics. |
TailorKV: A Hybrid Framework for Long-Context Inference via Tailored KV Cache Optimization (2025.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Existing work mitigates memory overhead by offloading or compressing the Key-Value cache. |
| Approach: | They propose a method that integrates quantization and offloading into a generative large language model by using a hybrid compression method. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art in long-context evaluations. |
Agent-GWO: Collaborative Agents for Dynamic Prompt Optimization in Large Language Models (2026.findings-acl)
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Xudong Wang, Chaoning Zhang, Chenghao Li, Shuxu Chen, Qigan Sun, Jiaquan Zhang, Fachrina Dewi Puspitasari, Tae-Ho Kim, Jiwei Wei, Malu Zhang, Guoqing Wang, Yang Yang, Heng Tao Shen
| Challenge: | Existing automatic prompt optimization methods fail to optimize prompts and decoding hyperparameters within a unified framework to achieve stable global improvements. |
| Approach: | They propose a dynamic prompt optimization framework for complex reasoning that unifies prompt templates and decodes hyperparameters as inheritable agent configurations. |
| Outcome: | Experiments on multiple mathematical and hybrid reasoning benchmarks show that Agent-GWO improves accuracy and stability over existing prompt optimization methods. |
ToolCoder: A Systematic Code-Empowered Tool Learning Framework for Large Language Models (2025.acl-long)
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Hanxing Ding, Shuchang Tao, Liang Pang, Zihao Wei, Jinyang Gao, Bolin Ding, Huawei Shen, Xueqi Cheng
| Challenge: | Existing approaches to tool learning rely on hand-crafted prompts and natural language reasoning, making multi-step planning difficult and lacking precise error diagnosis and reflection mechanisms. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework that reformulates tool learning as a code generation task. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework achieves superior performance in task completion accuracy and execution reliability compared to existing approaches. |
Lost in Pronunciation: Detecting Chinese Offensive Language Disguised by Phonetic Cloaking Replacement (2025.emnlp-industry)
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Haotan Guo, Jianfei He, Jiayuan Ma, Hongbin Na, Zimu Wang, Haiyang Zhang, Qi Chen, Wei Wang, Zijing Shi, Tao Shen, Ling Chen
| Challenge: | Phonetic Cloaking Replacement (PCR) is a problem in content moderation in China. |
| Approach: | They organize PCR into a four-way surface-form taxonomy and compile PCR-ToxiCN, a dataset of 500 phonetically cloaked offensive posts gathered from the RedNote platform. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model achieves only an F1-score and zero-shot chain-of-thought prompting pushes performance even lower. |
CL-QR: Cross-Lingual Enhanced Query Reformulation for Multi-lingual Conversational AI Agents (2023.emnlp-industry)
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| Challenge: | Existing QR systems that reformulate defective user queries are limited in English due to the scarcity of non-English QR labels. |
| Approach: | They propose a query reformulation method which reformulates defective user queries to improve non-English QR performance. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework improves non-English QR performance by leveraging abundant reformulation resources in English. |
Joint Enhancement of Relational Reasoning for Long-Context LLMs (2025.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | JERR is a graph-based reasoning framework for large language models . it enables LLMs to handle extended contexts with improved reliability and transparency . |
| Approach: | They propose a graph-based reasoning framework that integrates synopsis extraction, graph construction, and relational reasoning. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework outperforms baselines on ROUGE and F1 metrics and achieves the highest scores on the LLM-Rater evaluation. |
Memory-Efficient Differentiable Transformer Architecture Search (2021.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Current neural architecture search methods suffer from huge computational cost. |
| Approach: | They propose a reversible recursive backpropagation algorithm that uses the last layer to store the outputs of the network. |
| Outcome: | The proposed algorithm outperforms standard Transformers on three sequence-to-sequence datasets. |
Igniting Creative Writing in Small Language Models: LLM-as-a-Judge versus Multi-Agent Refined Rewards (2025.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods for enhancing Large Language Models (LLMs) struggle with novelty and Reinforcement Learning from human feedback (RLHF) is costly. |
| Approach: | They propose to use a Reward Model (RM) and a principle-guided LLM-as-a-Judge to enhance creative output over baselines. |
| Outcome: | The proposed approach significantly enhances creative output over baselines, but the principle-guided LLM-as-a-Judge yields superior generation quality. |
DGLF: A Dual Graph-based Learning Framework for Multi-modal Sarcasm Detection (2024.emnlp-main)
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Zhihong Zhu, Kefan Shen, Zhaorun Chen, Yunyan Zhang, Yuyan Chen, Xiaoqi Jiao, Zhongwei Wan, Shaorong Xie, Wei Liu, Xian Wu, Yefeng Zheng
| Challenge: | Existing methods for multimodal sarcasm detection neglect high-order relationships and underestimate high-frequency messages. |
| Approach: | They propose a Dual Graph-based Learning Framework to capture inter-modal inconsistencies . they propose combining a hypergraph and a vanilla graph to achieve enhanced propagation . |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms existing state-of-the-art methods on two benchmark datasets. |
Natural-Language Policies to Executable Decisions: An Interpretable Large Language Model Framework (2026.acl-industry)
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Ziqiang Zhang, Jing Ma, Zilong Wang, Jiayuan Chen, Yi Qiao, Yu He, Wei Zhang, Dai Cheng, Xiaoyu Shen
| Challenge: | a production-grade pricing system for tourism is challenging due to unstructured nature of travel orders and ever-evolving pricing policies. |
| Approach: | They propose a production-grade pricing system with a strict decision boundary . they propose to combine structured extraction and bounded policy/path selection with interpretable condition trees . |
| Outcome: | The proposed system processed 3,960 orders in six months and reduced the order management team from 15-20 to 3 . the system reduced the per-order handling time from 10 minutes to 2 minutes. |
SWE-Swiss: A Multi-Task Fine-Tuning and RL Recipe for High-Performance Issue Resolution (2026.findings-acl)
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Zhenyu He, Qingping Yang, Wei Shen, Xiaojian Zhong, Kechi Zhang, Chenxin An, Wenlei Shi, Tianle Cai, Di He, Jiaze Chen, Jingjing Xu
| Challenge: | SWE-Swiss-32B demonstrates strong generalization to other common LLM benchmarks. |
| Approach: | They propose a two-phase training recipe that decomposes issue resolution into three core skills: Localization, Repair, and Unit Test Generation. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model achieves a 60.2% score on the SWE-bench Verified benchmark and is in the top-tier performance bracket of much larger models. |
ChatMusician: Understanding and Generating Music Intrinsically with LLM (2024.findings-acl)
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Ruibin Yuan, Hanfeng Lin, Yi Wang, Zeyue Tian, Shangda Wu, Tianhao Shen, Ge Zhang, Yuhang Wu, Cong Liu, Ziya Zhou, Liumeng Xue, Ziyang Ma, Qin Liu, Tianyu Zheng, Yizhi Li, Yinghao Ma, Yiming Liang, Xiaowei Chi, Ruibo Liu, Zili Wang, Chenghua Lin, Qifeng Liu, Tao Jiang, Wenhao Huang, Wenhu Chen, Jie Fu, Emmanouil Benetos, Gus Xia, Roger Dannenberg, Wei Xue, Shiyin Kang, Yike Guo
| Challenge: | Despite LLMs' impressive capabilities in musical knowledge, music reasoning remains an unsolved task. |
| Approach: | They propose an open-source large language model (LLM) that integrates intrinsic musical abilities into LLaMA2 and GPT-3.5. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model can understand and generate music with a pure text tokenizer without external multi-modal neural structures or tokenizers. |
Controllable Natural Language Generation with Contrastive Prefixes (2022.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Existing work on controllable natural language generation has focused on fine-tuning existing models or using attribute discriminators. |
| Approach: | They propose a lightweight framework for controllable GPT2 generation that utilizes attribute-specific vectors to steer natural language generation. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework can guide generation towards desired attributes while keeping high linguistic quality. |
Meta-CQG: A Meta-Learning Framework for Complex Question Generation over Knowledge Bases (2022.coling-1)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods train one encoder-decoder-based model to fit all questions . however, such a one-size-fits-all strategy may not perform well for complex questions involving multiple KB relations or functional constraints. |
| Approach: | They propose a meta-learning framework for complex question generation over knowledge bases . they propose he meta-trained generator can acquire universal meta-knowledge . |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework can acquire universal and transferable meta-knowledge and quickly adapt to long-tailed samples under different dimensions. |
Reward Modeling Requires Automatic Adjustment Based on Data Quality (2024.findings-emnlp)
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Binghai Wang, Rui Zheng, Lu Chen, Zhiheng Xi, Wei Shen, Yuhao Zhou, Dong Yan, Tao Gui, Qi Zhang, Xuanjing Huang
| Challenge: | Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) is a method for aligning language models with human values. |
| Approach: | They propose a method that automatically adjusts reward modeling based on data quality . they use preference data to train a reward model that is more aligned with human values . |
| Outcome: | The proposed method stabilizes reward model training and significantly improves alignment performance on human preference datasets. |
Improving Grammatical Error Correction via Pre-Training a Copy-Augmented Architecture with Unlabeled Data (N19-1)
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| Challenge: | Neural machine translation systems have become state-of-the-art approaches for Grammatical Error Correction (GEC) task. |
| Approach: | They propose a copy-augmented architecture for the Grammatical Error Correction task by copying unchanged words from the source sentence to the target sentence. |
| Outcome: | The proposed architecture outperforms all recently published state-of-the-art results by a large margin. |
Bootstrapping Code Translation with Weighted Multilanguage Exploration (2026.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods to improve code translation depend on abundant parallel code of high quality, which may not always be available. |
| Approach: | They propose a method that leverages functional invariance and cross-lingual portability of test suites to serve as universal verification oracles for multilingual reinforcement learning. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method leverages functional invariance and cross-lingual portability of test suites to serve as universal verification oracles for multilingual reinforcement learning (RL) training. |
Jailbreak LLMs through Internal Stance Manipulation (2025.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Existing approaches to exploit LLMs' inherent safety mechanism, including GCG and AutoDAN, are ineffective for certain malicious requests. |
| Approach: | They propose a method that generates jailbreak prompts to suppress a refusal stance and induce affirmative responses by modifying adversarial prompts. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method outperforms the best baseline approach in Llama-2-7b-chat and achieves a 92.2% success rate across all models. |
You Never Know a Person, You Only Know Their Defenses: Detecting Levels of Psychological Defense Mechanisms in Supportive Conversations (2026.findings-acl)
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Hongbin Na, Zimu Wang, Zhaoming Chen, Peilin Zhou, Yining Hua, Grace Ziqi Zhou, Haiyang Zhang, Tao Shen, Wei Wang, John Torous, Shaoxiong Ji, Ling Chen
| Challenge: | Psychological defenses are strategies people use to manage distress. |
| Approach: | They propose a dialogue corpus with help seeker utterances labeled for defense level and a DMRS Co-Pilot pipeline that provides evidence-based pre-annotations. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework reduces annotation time by 24.0% in a counterbalanced study. |
Knowledge as A Bridge: Improving Cross-domain Answer Selection with External Knowledge (C18-1)
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| Challenge: | Existing approaches to answer selection are limited in domains with limited labeled data. |
| Approach: | They propose a Knowledge-aware Attentive Network framework for cross-domain answer selection that uses the knowledge base as a bridge to enable knowledge transfer from the source domain to the target domain. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms strong competitors by a noticeable margin in cross-domain answer selection. |
O1-Pruner: Length-Harmonizing Fine-Tuning for O1-Like Reasoning Pruning (2026.findings-acl)
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Haotian Luo, Haiying He, Yibo Wang, Shiwei Liu, Wei Li, Xiaochun Cao, Dacheng Tao, Naiqiang Tan, Li Shen
| Challenge: | Recent long-thought reasoning models adopt extended reasoning processes similar to how humans ponder over complex problems. |
| Approach: | They propose a model that uses RL-style fine-tuning to reduce inference overhead while maintaining accuracy. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model reduces inference overhead while maintaining accuracy. |
Towards Enhancing Relational Rules for Knowledge Graph Link Prediction (2023.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | Existing knowledge graph reasoning methods are inadequate for missing knowledge . Various methods are explored to facilitate reasoning for missing information . |
| Approach: | They propose a novel knowledge graph reasoning approach that uses a query-related fusion gate unit to model the sequentiality of relation composition and a buffering update mechanism to alleviate lagged entity information propagation. |
| Outcome: | Experimental results show that the proposed approach is superior on both transductive and inductive link prediction tasks. |
From Static Inference to Dynamic Interaction: A Survey of Streaming Large Language Models (2026.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Existing definitions of streaming LLMs are fragmented and lack a systematic taxonomy . large language models are pre-trained on static and full-context corpora . |
| Approach: | They propose a systematic taxonomy of current streaming Large Language Models and propose underlying methodologies for streaming LLMs. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model is based on data flow and dynamic interaction to clarify existing ambiguities. |
Learning from LLM Agents: In-Context Generative Models for Text Casing in E-Commerce Ads (2025.emnlp-industry)
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| Challenge: | Existing NER-based transformer models are expensive and lack contextual dependencies, making them less reliable when handling unseen or ad-specific terms, e.g., brand names. |
| Approach: | They propose a two-stage approach to casing correction in e-commerce ad content that leverages Chain-of-Actions to enforce content policies while accurately handling ads-specific terms. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms existing NER-based models and achieves near-LLM performance at a fraction of the cost. |
Aspect and Sentiment Aware Abstractive Review Summarization (C18-1)
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| Challenge: | Abstractive summarization is a task that generates short and concise summaries of user generated reviews. |
| Approach: | They propose an interactive attention mechanism to learn the representations of context and aspect words within reviews, acted as an encoder. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model achieves impressive results compared to other strong competitors on a real-life dataset. |
Unlocking the Power of Large Language Models for Entity Alignment (2024.acl-long)
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Xuhui Jiang, Yinghan Shen, Zhichao Shi, Chengjin Xu, Wei Li, Zixuan Li, Jian Guo, Huawei Shen, Yuanzhuo Wang
| Challenge: | Entity Alignment (EA) is a crucial step in unifying data from heterogeneous sources and plays a critical role in data-driven AI applications. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework that incorporates large language models to improve EA. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework incorporates large language models (LLMs) to improve EA accuracy while preserving efficiency. |
Cooperative Denoising for Distantly Supervised Relation Extraction (C18-1)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods for distantly supervised relation extraction suffer from noisy labeling problem, which can severely degrade its performance. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework for distantly supervised relation extraction that leverages text corpus and knowledge graph and a cooperative module involving their mutual learning. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method reduces the noisy labels and achieves substantial improvement over the state-of-the-art methods. |
MacLaSa: Multi-Aspect Controllable Text Generation via Efficient Sampling from Compact Latent Space (2023.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | Existing approaches to multi-aspect controllable text generation require expensive iteration / searching within the discrete text space during the decoding stage, resulting in a degradation of text quality due to the domain discrepancies between different aspects. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework that estimates compact latent space for multiple aspects and performs efficient Sampling with a fast sampler to eliminate domain discrepancies. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework outperforms baselines on attribute relevance and textual quality while maintaining a high inference speed. |
GroupRank: A Groupwise Paradigm for Effective and Efficient Passage Reranking with LLMs (2026.findings-acl)
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Meixiu Long, Duolin Sun, Dan Yang, Yihan Jiao, Lei Liu, Jiahai Wang, Binbin Hu, Yue Shen, Jie Feng, Zhehao Tan, Junjie Wang, Lianzhen Zhong, Jian Wang, Peng Wei, Jinjie Gu
| Challenge: | Existing rankers excel in lexical-matching scenarios, while they struggle with complex queries requiring deep reasoning. |
| Approach: | They propose a new paradigm that balances flexibility and context awareness to unlock the full potential of groupwise reranking. |
| Outcome: | The proposed approach achieves a state-of-the-art 65.2 NDCG@10 on BRIGHT and surpasses baselines by 2.1 points on R2MED while delivering a 6.4 inference speedup. |
Unsupervised Rewriter for Multi-Sentence Compression (P19-1)
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| Challenge: | Multi-sentence compression aims to generate a grammatical but reduced compression from multiple input sentences while retaining key information. |
| Approach: | They propose a neural rewriter for multi-sentence compression that does not need any parallel corpus. |
| Outcome: | Empirical studies show that the proposed approach achieves comparable results upon automatic evaluation and improves the grammaticality of compression based on human evaluation. |
Enhanced Visual Instruction Tuning with Synthesized Image-Dialogue Data (2024.findings-acl)
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Yanda Li, Chi Zhang, Gang Yu, Wanqi Yang, Zhibin Wang, Bin Fu, Guosheng Lin, Chunhua Shen, Ling Chen, Yunchao Wei
| Challenge: | OpenAI's GPT-4 has demonstrated remarkable multimodal capabilities, but specific mechanics of GPT4 remain unknown. |
| Approach: | They propose a data collection methodology that synchronously synthesizes images and dialogues for visual instruction tuning. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method improves on ten commonly assessed models and provides greater flexibility compared to existing methods. |
LongRecipe: Recipe for Efficient Long Context Generalization in Large Language Models (2025.acl-long)
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Zhiyuan Hu, Yuliang Liu, Jinman Zhao, Suyuchen Wang, WangYan WangYan, Wei Shen, Qing Gu, Anh Tuan Luu, See-Kiong Ng, Zhiwei Jiang, Bryan Hooi
| Challenge: | Large language models face significant challenges in handling long-context tasks because of their limited effective context window size during pretraining, which restricts their ability to generalize over extended sequences. |
| Approach: | They propose a training strategy for extending the context window of LLMs including impactful token analysis, position index transformation, and training optimization strategies. |
| Outcome: | Experiments on three types of LLMs show that LongRecipe can utilize long sequences while requiring only 30% of the target context window size. |
Attention Basin: Why Contextual Position Matters in Large Language Models (2026.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Large Language Models (LLMs) are sensitive to the contextual position of information in input. |
| Approach: | They introduce Attention-Driven Reranking (AttnRank) which estimates a model’s intrinsic positional attention preferences using a small calibration set and reorders retrieved documents or few-shot examples to align the most salient content with these high-attention positions. |
| Outcome: | Experiments on multi-hop QA and few-shot in-context learning tasks show that AttnRank achieves substantial improvements across 10 large language models of varying architectures and scales, without modifying model parameters or training procedures. |
VisFinEval: A Scenario-Driven Chinese Multimodal Benchmark for Holistic Financial Understanding (2025.emnlp-main)
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Zhaowei Liu, Xin Guo, Haotian Xia, Lingfeng Zeng, Fangqi Lou, Jinyi Niu, Mengping Li, Qi Qi, Jiahuan Li, Wei Zhang, Yinglong Wang, Weige Cai, Weining Shen, Liwen Zhang
| Challenge: | Existing benchmarks focus on text comprehension, but MLLMs lack the ability to integrate visual data over financial visuals. |
| Approach: | They evaluate 21 state-of-the-art multimodal large language models in a zero-shot setting . they use an annotated question–answer pair from eight common financial image modalities . |
| Outcome: | The new benchmark outperforms existing models but trailed financial experts by 14 percentage points. |
GeoSQA: A Benchmark for Scenario-based Question Answering in the Geography Domain at High School Level (D19-1)
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| Challenge: | SQA is an emerging application of NLP in the medical, geography, and legal domains. |
| Approach: | They propose a dataset of 1,981 scenarios and 4,110 multiple-choice questions in geography domain at high school level. |
| Outcome: | The proposed dataset consists of 1,981 scenarios and 4,110 multiple-choice questions in the geography domain at high school level. |
Retrieval-Generation Alignment for End-to-End Task-Oriented Dialogue System (2023.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | generative models struggle to distinguish subtle differences among retrieved knowledge records, resulting in suboptimal quality of generated responses. |
| Approach: | They propose to use maximum marginal likelihood to train a perceptive retriever by utilizing signals from response generation for supervision. |
| Outcome: | The proposed approach improves on three task-oriented dialogue datasets using T5 and ChatGPT as the backbone models. |
Enhancing Discourse Dependency Parsing with Sentence Dependency Parsing: A Unified Generative Method Based on Code Representation (2024.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | Existing annotation resources for Discourse Dependency Parsing tasks are limited due to their complexity and annotation schema differences. |
| Approach: | They propose a code-based unified dependency parsing method that uses code to model dependency parses under different annotation schemas. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method improves on two Chinese DDP tasks. |
ROMA: Real-time Omni-Multimodal Assistant with Interactive Streaming Understanding (2026.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Existing omni-multimodal large language models lack incomplete modality support or lack autonomous proactive monitoring. |
| Approach: | They propose a real-time omni-multimodal assistant for unified reactive and proactive interaction that decouples response initiation from generation to ensure precise triggering without task conflict. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model achieves state-of-the-art performance on proactive tasks while competing in reactive settings. |
The Evolution of Thought: Tracking LLM Overthinking via Reasoning Dynamics Analysis (2026.acl-long)
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Zihao Wei, Liang Pang, Jiahao Liu, Wenjie Shi, Jingcheng Deng, Shicheng Xu, Zenghao Duan, Jingang Wang, Fei Sun, Huawei Shen, Xueqi Cheng
| Challenge: | Explicit reasoning trajectories increase performance but often trigger overthinking . despite its importance, this study examines how each step of reasoning affects the final outcome . |
| Approach: | They propose a Reasoning Completion Point Detector that detects the RCP by monitoring rank dynamics of termination tokens. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method reduces token usage by up to 44% while preserving accuracy. |
LoRASC: Expressive and Generalizable Low-rank Adaptation for Large Models via Slow Cascaded Learning (2024.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | Existing low-rank adaptations have limited expressiveness, a tendency to overfit, and sensitivity to hyperparameter settings. |
| Approach: | They propose a technique to enhance LoRA’s expressiveness and generalization capabilities while preserving its training efficiency. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method outperforms baselines, mitigates overfitting, enhances model stability, and improves OOD robustness. |
Zero-Shot Cross-Domain Aspect-Based Sentiment Analysis via Domain-Contextualized Chain-of-Thought Reasoning (2025.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | Cross-domain aspect-based sentiment analysis (ABSA) aims to learn specific knowledge from a source domain to perform various tasks on a target domain. |
| Approach: | a new framework is proposed to learn specific knowledge from a source domain . the framework uses domain adaptation techniques to transfer domain-agnostic features . |
| Outcome: | a new learning framework for cross-domain aspect-based sentiment analysis is proposed . it effectively eliminates dependency on target-domain annotations, authors say . |
The Accuracy Paradox in RLHF: When Better Reward Models Don’t Yield Better Language Models (2024.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) significantly enhances Natural Language Processing by aligning language models with human expectations. |
| Approach: | They propose to integrate feedback from humans into RLHF to improve language models by capturing human-like preferences. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms models trained with moderately accurate reward models on relevance, factuality, and completeness tasks. |
Multi-Grained Knowledge Retrieval for End-to-End Task-Oriented Dialog (2023.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Existing systems blend knowledge retrieval with response generation and optimize them with direct supervision from reference responses. |
| Approach: | They propose a multi-grained knowledge retrieval system that decouples knowledge retrievals from response generation and introduces an entity selector and an attribute selector to acquire multigrained information from the knowledge base. |
| Outcome: | The proposed system performs better on small and large knowledge bases. |
Following the Autoregressive Nature of LLM Embeddings via Compression and Alignment (2025.emnlp-main)
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Jingcheng Deng, Zhongtao Jiang, Liang Pang, Zihao Wei, Liwei Chen, Kun Xu, Yang Song, Huawei Shen, Xueqi Cheng
| Challenge: | Experimental results demonstrate that our method significantly outperforms traditional contrastive learning approaches when using the same amount of data. |
| Approach: | They propose a new contrastive learning method built on embedding conditional probability distributions that integrates two tasks: information compression and conditional distribution alignment. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method outperforms traditional contrastive learning approaches and achieves comparable performance to state-of-the-art models when using the same amount of data. |
Improving Contextual Query Rewrite for Conversational AI Agents through User-preference Feedback Learning (2023.emnlp-industry)
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| Challenge: | Contextual query rewriting (CQR) is a crucial component in Conversational AI agents, leveraging contextual information from previous user-agent conversations to improve comprehension of current user intent. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework to enhance the CQR model's capability in generating user preference-aligned rewrites. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework improves the CQR model's ability to generate user preference-aligned rewrites. |
Loose lips sink ships: Mitigating Length Bias in Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (2023.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | Experimental results prove that language models can learn from human feedback better, irrespective of sequence length . emergence of length bias often induces the model to favor longer outputs . |
| Approach: | They propose to separate reward modeling from the influence of sequence length by using the Product-of-Experts technique. |
| Outcome: | The proposed approach shows that language models perform better regardless of sequence length . the main expert is focused on understanding human intents, while the biased expert targets the identification and capture of length bias. |
Document Hashing with Mixture-Prior Generative Models (D19-1)
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| Challenge: | Existing generative hashing methods only consider the use of simple priors, which limits them to further improve their performance. |
| Approach: | They propose to use Gaussian and Bernoulli priors to generate hashing codes . they propose to cast a Gausssian latent representation into binary code . |
| Outcome: | The proposed models outperform existing methods on a benchmark dataset using Gaussian and Bernoulli priors. |
FinEval: A Chinese Financial Domain Knowledge Evaluation Benchmark for Large Language Models (2025.naacl-long)
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Xin Guo, Haotian Xia, Zhaowei Liu, Hanyang Cao, Zhi Yang, Zhiqiang Liu, Sizhe Wang, Jinyi Niu, Chuqi Wang, Yanhui Wang, Xiaolong Liang, Xiaoming Huang, Bing Zhu, Zhongyu Wei, Yun Chen, Weining Shen, Liwen Zhang
| Challenge: | Large language models have demonstrated outstanding performance in various natural language processing tasks, but their security capabilities in the financial domain have not been explored. |
| Approach: | They propose to use a benchmark to evaluate large language models' financial domain knowledge and practical abilities. |
| Outcome: | The proposed benchmark evaluates large language models' financial domain knowledge and practical abilities. |
SRAP-Agent: Simulating and Optimizing Scarce Resource Allocation Policy with LLM-based Agent (2024.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | Existing research on the allocation of public scarce resources has limitations due to data scarcity and data scariness. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework that integrates Large Language Models into economic simulations . they conduct extensive policy simulation experiments to verify the framework's effectiveness . |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework bridges the gap between theoretical models and real-world dynamics by integrating large language models into economic simulations. |
MM-ChatAlign: A Novel Multimodal Reasoning Framework based on Large Language Models for Entity Alignment (2024.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | Existing MMEA methods rely on knowledge representation learning (KRL) to measure the similarity of entity embeddings. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework that utilizes the visual reasoning abilities of MLLMs for multimodal entity alignment. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework integrates the visual reasoning abilities of MLLMs for multimodal entity alignment. |
PIPER: Benchmarking and Prompting Event Reasoning Boundary of LLMs via Debiasing-Distillation Enhanced Tuning (2025.acl-long)
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Zhicong Lu, Changyuan Tian, PeiguangLi PeiguangLi, Li Jin, Sirui Wang, Wei Jia, Ying Shen, Guangluan Xu
| Challenge: | Existing studies on Large Language Models (LLMs) have failed to evaluate their performance in event reasoning with a single event relational type or reasoning format. |
| Approach: | They propose a benchmark to evaluate LLMs' event reasoning capability using a single event relational type or reasoning format. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model improves on 10K diverse instruction-tuning demonstrations to alleviate event reasoning-oriented data scarcity. |
Separate the Wheat from the Chaff: Winnowing Down Divergent Views in Retrieval Augmented Generation (2025.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Large language models (LLMs) lack robustness in knowledge-intensive tasks due to noisy or irrelevant retrieved data. |
| Approach: | They propose a multi-agent debate-based RAG framework that integrates external knowledge sources into large language models to improve their accuracy. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework is unsupervised and leverages pretrained LLMs without fine-tuning, making it easily adaptable to various tasks. |
A Triple-View Framework for Fine-Grained Emotion Classification with Clustering-Guided Contrastive Learning (2025.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Existing studies have focused on dealing with only one of the two difficulties of coarse-grained emotion classification. |
| Approach: | They propose a triple-view framework that treats FEC as an instance-label joint embedding learning problem to tackle both difficulties concurrently by considering three complementary views. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework achieves significant and consistent improvements on two widely-used benchmark datasets. |
OpenRLHF: A Ray-based Easy-to-use, Scalable and High-performance RLHF Framework (2025.emnlp-demos)
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Jian Hu, Xibin Wu, Wei Shen, Jason Klein Liu, Weixun Wang, Songlin Jiang, Haoran Wang, Hao Chen, Bin Chen, Wenkai Fang, null Xianyu, Yu Cao, Haotian Xu, Yiming Liu
| Challenge: | Existing RLHF frameworks face inference bottlenecks and complexity barriers restricting their accessibility for newcomers. |
| Approach: | They propose an open-source RLHF framework that can be used to train large language models. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework achieves superior training efficiency with speedups ranging from 1.22 to 1.68 across different model sizes compared to state-of-the-art frameworks, while requiring significantly fewer lines of code for implementation. |
Assessing “Implicit” Retrieval Robustness of Large Language Models (2024.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is a framework to enhance large language models with external knowledge, but its effectiveness is constrained by the retrieval robustness of the model. |
| Approach: | They propose to use gold and distracting context to fine-tune models to handle relevant or irrelevant retrieved context in an end-to-end manner. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model performs better when gold and distracting context are used, while still extracting correct answers when retrieval is accurate. |
CodeM: Less Data Yields More Versatility via Ability Matrix (2024.findings-acl)
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Daoguang Zan, Ailun Yu, Wei Liu, Bo Shen, Shaoxin Lin, Yongshun Gong, Yafen Yao, Yan Liu, Bei Guan, Weihua Luo, Yongji Wang, Qianxiang Wang, Lizhen Cui
| Challenge: | Recent efforts to train code large language models have been booming recently . however, this will incur significant costs in constructing data and training model considering the countless downstream scenarios. |
| Approach: | They propose a data construction strategy which decouples code LLMs’ abilities into two dimensions and constructs a lightweight training corpus that only covers a subset of target scenarios. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model can train a multilingual multitasking model using less data and training data. |
Browsing Like Human: A Multimodal Web Agent with Experiential Fast-and-Slow Thinking (2025.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Existing web agents lack visual perception, planning, and memory abilities, but their reasoning process is deviate from human cognition. |
| Approach: | They propose a multimodal web agent framework that emulates human planning process to decompose complex user instructions. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework emulates human planning process to decompose complex user instructions. |
Multi-Perspective Context Aggregation for Semi-supervised Cloze-style Reading Comprehension (C18-1)
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| Challenge: | Recent studies have shown that cloze-style reading comprehension is a popular task for measuring the progress of natural language understanding. |
| Approach: | They propose a multi-perspective framework which can be seen as joint training of heterogeneous experts and aggregate context information from different perspectives. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework achieves new state-of-the-art over previous strong baselines on a recently released cloze-test dataset. |