Challenge: Recent efforts to train code large language models have been booming recently . however, this will incur significant costs in constructing data and training model considering the countless downstream scenarios.
Approach: They propose a data construction strategy which decouples code LLMs’ abilities into two dimensions and constructs a lightweight training corpus that only covers a subset of target scenarios.
Outcome: The proposed model can train a multilingual multitasking model using less data and training data.

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CodecLM: Aligning Language Models with Tailored Synthetic Data (2024.findings-naacl)

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Challenge: Recent work on generating diverse instructions and applying LLM to increase instruction complexity neglects downstream use cases.
Approach: They propose a framework for generating high-quality synthetic data for LLM alignment with different downstream instruction distributions and LLMs.
Outcome: Experiments on four open-domain instruction using the proposed framework validate the effectiveness of CodecLM over the current state-of-the-art.
How Do Your Code LLMs perform? Empowering Code Instruction Tuning with Really Good Data (2024.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Recent research has shown that code pre-trained models improve coding capabilities.
Approach: They propose a code data pruning strategy to identify which datasets are high-quality code instruction data.
Outcome: The proposed model achieves state-of-the-art performance using fewer training data.
WaveCoder: Widespread And Versatile Enhancement For Code Large Language Models By Instruction Tuning (2024.acl-long)

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Challenge: Recent work shows that Code Large Language Models can address a wide range of code-related tasks.
Approach: They propose a method to generate widespread and versatile instruction data from open source code datasets and use it to train code-related models.
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms open-source models in generalization ability across code-related tasks.
How Abilities in Large Language Models are Affected by Supervised Fine-tuning Data Composition (2024.acl-long)

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Challenge: supervised fine-tuning (SFT) is a technique used to enhance multiple abilities in large language models.
Approach: They propose to study the interplay of data composition between mathematical reasoning, code generation, and general human-aligning abilities during supervised fine-tuning.
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Improve LLM-as-a-Judge Ability as a General Ability (2025.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Recent studies focus on generative judges, but only on their judge ability.
Approach: They propose a method that leverages the generative and reasoning capabilities of large language models to evaluate LLM responses across diverse scenarios, providing accurate preference signals.
Outcome: The proposed model performs on RewardBench with only 2% to 40% of the data required by other training frameworks.
From Complex to Simple: Enhancing Multi-Constraint Complex Instruction Following Ability of Large Language Models (2024.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Large language models (LLMs) follow instructions with elaborate requirements, yet it remains under-explored how to enhance their ability to follow complex instructions with multiple constraints.
Approach: They propose a method to obtain and utilize effective training data to enhance LLMs' ability to follow complex instructions with multiple constraints.
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CodeIF: Benchmarking the Instruction-Following Capabilities of Large Language Models for Code Generation (2025.acl-industry)

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Challenge: CodeIF assesses the ability of large language models to adhere to task-oriented instructions in code generation tasks.
Approach: They introduce a benchmark designed to assess LLMs' ability to adhere to task-oriented instructions within diverse code generation scenarios.
Outcome: The proposed benchmark assesses LLMs' ability to adhere to task-oriented instructions in code generation tasks across a wide range of complexity levels and programming domains.
Step-by-Step Mastery: Enhancing Soft Constraint Following Ability of Large Language Models (2025.findings-acl)

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Challenge: In real-world scenarios, user instructions often contain soft constraints, which are semantically related and cannot be rule-based verified, posing challenges for large language models.
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More Data or Better Data? A Critical Analysis of Data Selection and Synthesis for Mathematical Reasoning (2025.emnlp-industry)

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Challenge: Despite various proposed data construction methods, their practical utility in real-world pipelines remains underexplored.
Approach: They conduct a comprehensive analysis of open-source datasets and data synthesis techniques for mathematical reasoning under a unified pipeline designed to mirror training and deployment scenarios.
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Enhancing LLM Capabilities Beyond Scaling Up (2024.emnlp-tutorials)

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Challenge: general-purpose large language models (LLMs) are expanding in scale and access to unpublic training data.
Approach: This tutorial aims to examine the capabilities of general-purpose large language models . authors discuss adaptation of LLMs to address conflicts, defense against attacks .
Outcome: This tutorial aims to examine the evolution of general-purpose large language models (LLMs) the authors argue that the evolution is dependent on the availability of training data and the scale of the models.

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