Papers by Weizhu Chen
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| Challenge: | Admin (Adaptive model initialization) is more stable, converges faster, and leads to better performance. |
| Approach: | They propose a model initialization algorithm to stabilize early training and unleash its full potential in the late stage. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model initialization method stabilizes early training and unleashes full potential in late stage. |
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| Challenge: | Large language models have demonstrated strong reasoning capabilities through step-by-step chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning, but their strictly sequential nature constrains test-time scalability. |
| Approach: | They propose an end-to-end reinforcement learning framework to enhance LLMs' DAC-style reasoning capacity by decomposing a problem into subproblems and solving them sequentially. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model surpasses CoT by 8.6% and 6.3% on competition-level benchmarks and is available at the [github.com/MasterVito/DAC-RL]. |
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| Challenge: | Using data augmentation to fine-tune pre-trained models with task-specific data has been shown to be ineffective and redundant during fine-timing. |
| Approach: | They propose a data augmentation technique to regularize pre-trained models and encourage them to learn more generalizable features by dropping contiguous spans during training. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art methods on the GLUE benchmark and consistently exhibits superior generalization performances on out-of distribution and challenging counterexamples. |
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| Challenge: | Existing approaches to adversarial regularization treat adversarials and defending players equally, which is undesirable because only the defending player contributes to the generalization performance. |
| Approach: | They propose a method which formulates adversarial regularization as a Stackelberg game and induces a competition between a leader and a follower. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method outperforms existing adversarial regularization baselines on a set of machine translation and natural language understanding tasks. |
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| Challenge: | MT-DNN is an open-source natural language understanding toolkit . it allows researchers and developers to train customized deep learning models . |
| Approach: | They present MT-DNN, an open-source natural language understanding toolkit . it is designed to facilitate rapid customization for a broad spectrum of NLU tasks . MT supports multi-task knowledge distillation, which can substantially compress a deep neural model without significant performance drop. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model can significantly compress a large model without significant performance drop. |
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| Challenge: | Recent advances have enabled Large Language Models (LLMs) to potentially exhibit reasoning capabilities, but complex logical reasoning remains a challenge. |
| Approach: | They propose a novel language model that internalizes and emulates the reasoning processes of logical solvers and avoids parsing errors by learning strict adherence to solver syntax and grammar. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms state-of-the-art solver-augmented language models and few-shot prompting methods on public deductive reasoning benchmarks. |
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| Challenge: | Large language models have made impressive progress in few-shot learning but still face difficulties in reasoning tasks such as GSM8K. |
| Approach: | They propose a new approach that uses a verifier to filter out incorrect answers based on a weighted voting scheme to improve reasoning ability of language models. |
| Outcome: | The proposed approach improves GSM8K reasoning rate by 17.9% to 58.1%. |
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| Challenge: | Existing methods to build named entity recognition systems with limited labeled data are lacking. |
| Approach: | They propose three orthogonal schemes to build named entity recognition systems when labeled data is limited. |
| Outcome: | The proposed NER systems outperform existing methods on few-shot and training-free settings. |
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| Challenge: | Existing language models are inadequate in reasoning, according to studies . a new reasoning pre-training paradigm is based on pretraining language models with programs . |
| Approach: | They propose a reasoning pre-training paradigm that empowers language models to harvest reasoning knowledge possessed by program executors. |
| Outcome: | The proposed reasoning pre-training paradigm can boost models' reasoning skills . it can be instantiated by different kinds of program executors and run on a single database . |
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| Challenge: | Existing work has shown that simple learning can enhance the chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning of large language models. |
| Approach: | They construct mistake-correction datasets to identify and correct mistakes in CoTs . they conclude that LLMs can learn from mistakes to enhance their CoT reasoning . |
| Outcome: | The proposed datasets show that LLMs can learn from mistakes to enhance their CoT reasoning performance. |
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| Challenge: | Existing curriculum learning approaches to Neural Machine Translation (NMT) require sampling sufficient amounts of “easy” samples from training data at the early stage of training. |
| Approach: | They propose a token-wise curriculum learning approach that creates sufficient amounts of easy samples from training data. |
| Outcome: | The proposed approach outperforms baselines on five language pairs on low-resource languages. |
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| Challenge: | 'lottery tickets' can be trained to match the performance of a full model . subnetwork training can also outperform random sampled subnetworks of the same size . |
| Approach: | They propose to train a subnetwork of 'lottery tickets' to match the full model's performance. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms subnetworks of the same size in a phase transition phenomenon . the proposed model improves single task fine-tuning by 0.9 points on BERT-base and 1.0 points on GLUE large . |
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| Challenge: | Existing methods to build sentence embeddings are parameterized and require training to optimize their parameters. |
| Approach: | They propose a non-parameterized method to combine pre-trained word embeddings into sentence representations using an orthogonal basis of the word vector subspace and its surrounding context. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method shows superior performance on 11 downstream NLP tasks and is competitive to other methods relying on large amounts of labelled data or prolonged training time. |
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| Challenge: | Pre-trained code intelligence models ignore the execution trace and only rely on source code and syntactic structures to understand code execution. |
| Approach: | They develop a mutation-based data augmentation technique to create a Python dataset and task for code execution that challenges existing models. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms existing models on code execution and shows its potential for zero-shot code-to-code search and text-to code generation. |
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| Challenge: | Existing methods for text generation train the generator and ranker individually . existing methods neglect the mutual feedback that could enhance the quality of outputs . |
| Approach: | They propose a joint training algorithm that integrates the generator and ranker in a single framework. |
| Outcome: | The proposed algorithm surpasses existing methods on four public datasets across three common generation scenarios. |
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| Challenge: | Existing approaches to regularize models require generating a perturbation for each sample in each epoch. |
| Approach: | They propose an adversarial regularization method where perturbations are generated and cached once every several epochs. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method significantly eases the computational burden (saves up to 70% of computational time) it produces a notably better (in most of the tasks) or comparable model generalization. |
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| Challenge: | Recent few-shot learning models such as GPT3 are expensive and slow to deploy for real-world applications. |
| Approach: | They propose a prompt-based low-resource learning method for VL tasks with a few examples . they pre-train a sequence-to-sequence transformer model with prefix and masked language modeling . |
| Outcome: | The proposed method outperforms Frozen on vision-language tasks with prompt-based learning by 18.2% point. |
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| Challenge: | Existing studies on pre-trained language models show that they can fine-tune parameters but achieve good downstream performance. |
| Approach: | They find that a dominant winning ticket takes up 0.05% of the parameters and is transferable across different tasks. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model can achieve comparable performance with the full-parameter model, the authors show . the dominant winning ticket takes up 0.05% of the parameters, and the model is transferable across tasks, they show - the authors conclude . |
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| Challenge: | Current neural architecture search methods suffer from huge computational cost. |
| Approach: | They propose a reversible recursive backpropagation algorithm that uses the last layer to store the outputs of the network. |
| Outcome: | The proposed algorithm outperforms standard Transformers on three sequence-to-sequence datasets. |
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| Challenge: | Existing methods for integrating knowledge graphs into pre-trained language models have been poorly implemented. |
| Approach: | They propose a self-supervised entity masking scheme that exploits relational knowledge underlying the text. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model achieves improved performance on five benchmarks, including question answering and knowledge base completion. |
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| Challenge: | Existing work on controllable natural language generation has focused on fine-tuning existing models or using attribute discriminators. |
| Approach: | They propose a lightweight framework for controllable GPT2 generation that utilizes attribute-specific vectors to steer natural language generation. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework can guide generation towards desired attributes while keeping high linguistic quality. |
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| Challenge: | Existing studies show that labeling in crowdsourcing annotations is not an annotation artifact but rather a core linguistic phenomenon. |
| Approach: | They propose to retrieve unlabeled data with a local sensitivity and hardness-aware acquisition function. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method achieves consistent gains over the commonly used active learning strategies in various classification tasks. |
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| Challenge: | Multi-task benchmarks focus on a range of Natural Language Understanding (NLU) tasks without considering the Natural Language Generation (NLG) models. |
| Approach: | They propose a multi-task benchmark for evaluating the generalization capabilities of NLG models across eight language generation tasks. |
| Outcome: | The proposed benchmarks are based on GLUE and Su-perGLUE for English and several other languages. |
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| Challenge: | Recent work on open-domain question answering focuses on either extractive or generative readers exclusively. |
| Approach: | They propose a hybrid approach to extractive and generative readers that leverages both models. |
| Outcome: | The proposed approach outperforms state-of-the-art models on NaturalQuestions and TriviaQA respectively. |
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| Challenge: | Existing methods based on pre-trained embeddings can be easily biased by surface features that are not important for the target task. |
| Approach: | They propose a skill-based few-shot selection method for in-context learning . it generates skill-specific descriptions for each test case and candidate example . |
| Outcome: | The proposed method significantly outperforms existing methods in five cross-domain semantic parsing datasets and six backbone models. |
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| Challenge: | Efficient transformers outperform recurrent neural networks in natural language generation, but this comes with significant computational cost and memory footprint during generation. |
| Approach: | They propose to convert a pretrained transformer into its efficient recurrent counterpart, improving efficiency while maintaining accuracy. |
| Outcome: | The proposed transformers outperform recurrent neural networks in natural language generation but come with significant computational and memory footprint during generation. |
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| Challenge: | Recent work has proposed to improve relevance modeling by having large language models actively involved in retrieval, i.e., to guide retrieval with generation. |
| Approach: | They propose to have large language models actively involved in retrieval to guide retrieval with generation. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method synergizes retrieval and generation in an iterative manner, and can generate better results in subsequent iterations. |
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| Challenge: | Existing work on pre-trained generative models often fails to detect non-existent or incorrect content . Existing studies have attempted to detect hallucinations based on oracle references . |
| Approach: | They propose a token-level, reference-free hallucination detection task based on Wikipedia annotations to detect non-existent or incorrect content. |
| Outcome: | The proposed task is token-level, reference-free hallucination detection task and dataset . authors argue that the proposed task can be used in real-time to detect hallucines . |
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| Challenge: | Conventional fine-tuning works through updating all of the parameters in the pre-trained model, but as the size of pre-train models grows, it can be time-consuming and computationally expensive. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework for resource- and parameter-efficient fine-tuning by leveraging the sparsity prior in both weight updates and the final model weights. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework saves 25% inference FLOPs while maintaining competitive downstream performance. |
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| Challenge: | Existing approaches to answer open-domain questions use sparse representations and sparsity. |
| Approach: | They propose a method which augments a query by generating relevant contexts from heuristically discovered contexts without external supervision. |
| Outcome: | The proposed approach outperforms state-of-the-art dense retrieval methods on natural questions and triviaQA datasets. |
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| Challenge: | a hybrid neural network (HNN) model for commonsense reasoning is proposed . it combines language models and semantic similarity models to achieve new state-of-the-art results . |
| Approach: | They propose a hybrid neural network model for commonsense reasoning . it combines a masked language model and a semantic similarity model . |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms the WNLI, WSC and PDP60 benchmarks on three commonsense reasoning tasks. |
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| Challenge: | Existing methods for training pre-trained language models have limited practicality due to latency requirements. |
| Approach: | They propose a method that uses a Mixture-of-Experts structure to increase model capacity and inference speed. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method outperforms existing distillation methods on natural language understanding and question answering tasks. |
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| Challenge: | a table-based question answering system requires complex reasoning and alignment between questions and tables. |
| Approach: | They propose a table-based QA model that consumes both natural and synthetic data . they combine retrieval with masking to pair natural sentences with QA . |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms existing models in few-shot and full settings and on WikiTableQuestions. |
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| Challenge: | Existing methods for geometry theorem proving in Euclidean geometry are challenging and require a neural network to perform. |
| Approach: | They propose a method for adding auxiliary points in geometry that runs on CPUs without relying on neural network-based inference. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method achieves silver-medal-level human performance on IMO-30 benchmark. |
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| Challenge: | Existing approaches to open-domain question answering struggle to retrieve indirectly related evidence when no direct evidence is provided. |
| Approach: | They propose a retriever-reader model that learns to attend on essential terms during the question answering process. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model achieves the state-of-the-art on multiple open-domain QA datasets and achieves a 'reader-reader' level. |
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| Challenge: | Existing approaches to learning vector-space representations of text are multitask learning and language model pre-training. |
| Approach: | They propose a multi-task deep neural network (MT-DNN) that leverages cross-task data and incorporates a pre-trained bidirectional transformer language model. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model achieves state-of-the-art on ten NLU tasks and pushes the GLUE benchmark to 82.7% (2.2% absolute improvement) |
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| Challenge: | Traditional benchmarks for evaluating foundation models often fail to accurately represent their general abilities for human-centric tasks. |
| Approach: | They propose a bilingual benchmark to assess foundation models in the context of human-centric standardized exams such as college entrance exams, law school admission tests, and math competitions. |
| Outcome: | The proposed benchmark exceeds the average human performance on SAT, LSAT, and math competitions with 95% accuracy and 92.5% on the Chinese college entrance English exam. |
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| Challenge: | Existing code pre-training approaches often adopt (masked) language modeling as the training objective which targets on learning to predict (macked) tokens in a given code context. |
| Approach: | They propose a code-text contrastive learning model which learns function-level code semantic representations through large-scale code corpus. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model achieves new state-of-the-art with significant improvement over existing pre-trained models on eleven domain/language-specific code search tasks with six programming languages in different code granularity. |
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| Challenge: | Existing methods for contrastive pre-training ignore the relevance between codes in large code corpus. |
| Approach: | They propose a Soft-labeled contrastive pre-training framework with positive sample construction methods to learn functional-level code representation. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework can obtain fine-grained soft-labels through an iterative adversarial manner and use them to learn better code representation. |
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| Challenge: | Evol-Instruct is an end-to-end framework that evolves instruction datasets without human effort. |
| Approach: | They propose an end-to-end framework that evolves instruction datasets without human effort by analyzing and analyzing evolutionary strategies for the given instruction data. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method outperforms human-designed methods on various benchmarks including MT-Bench, AlpacaEval, GSM8K, and HumanEval. |
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| Challenge: | Existing work has resorted to sharing weights among models, but results are not affordable for real-world deployment. |
| Approach: | They propose a consistency-regularized ensemble learning approach based on perturbed models to retain ensemble benefits while maintaining a low memory cost. |
| Outcome: | The proposed approach outperforms the standard ensemble of 8 BERT-base models on the GLUE benchmark by 0.7 with a significantly smaller model size. |
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| Challenge: | RepoCoder is a repository-level code completion framework that utilizes the useful information scattered in files. |
| Approach: | They propose a repository-level code completion framework called RepoCoder . it integrates a similarity-based retriever and a pre-trained code language model . they propose 'repoBench' benchmark to validate the framework's effectiveness . |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework outperforms the vanilla retrieval-augmented code completion approach in the real-world. |
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| Challenge: | Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive reasoning capabilities, yet there is ongoing debate about their capabilities and the potential data contamination problem. |
| Approach: | They propose to evaluate the reasoning capabilities of large language models in solving recent competition-level programming problems in Codeforces. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model has experienced a cliff-like decline in problems after September 2021, which shows the potential data contamination and the challenges for any existing LLM to solve unseen complex reasoning problems. |
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| Challenge: | Existing methods for fine-tuning pre-trained models fail to generalize to unseen data. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework for robust and efficient fine-tuning for pre-trained models . proposed framework achieves new state-of-the-art performance on a number of NLP tasks . |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework outperforms the state-of-the-art T5 model on GLUE, SNLI, SciTail and ANLI. |
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| Challenge: | Existing pre-trained dialog models shed light on various downstream tasks in natural language processing (NLP). |
| Approach: | They propose a dialog pre-training framework that introduces latent variables into the enhanced encoder-decoder pre-train framework to increase relevance and diversity of responses. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model achieves state-of-the-art on personaChat, DailyDialog, and DSTC7-AVSD datasets. |
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| Challenge: | Current open-domain question answering systems follow a Retriever-Reader architecture . current systems do not use a reranker, which reranked passages based on top predictions of the reader . |
| Approach: | They propose a reader-guIDEd reranking method that reranked passages based on top predictions . they show that RIDER achieves 10 to 20 absolute gains in top-1 retrieval accuracy . |
| Outcome: | The proposed method achieves 10 to 20 gains in top-1 retrieval accuracy and 1 to 4 Exact Match gains without training. |