Challenge: Existing methods for multimodal sarcasm detection neglect high-order relationships and underestimate high-frequency messages.
Approach: They propose a Dual Graph-based Learning Framework to capture inter-modal inconsistencies . they propose combining a hypergraph and a vanilla graph to achieve enhanced propagation .
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms existing state-of-the-art methods on two benchmark datasets.

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Multi-Modal Sarcasm Detection via Cross-Modal Graph Convolutional Network (2022.acl-long)

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Challenge: Existing studies on multimodal sarcasm detection using textual and visual information have been limited to text-only approaches.
Approach: They propose to construct a cross-modal graph for each multi-modal instance to explicitly draw the ironic relations between textual and visual modalities.
Outcome: The proposed model achieves state-of-the-art in multi-modal sarcasm detection.
Ambiguity-aware Multi-level Incongruity Fusion Network for Multi-Modal Sarcasm Detection (2025.coling-main)

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Challenge: Existing methods for sarcasm detection focus on fusing text and image information to establish cross-modal correlations, overlooking the significance of original unimodal incongruity information.
Approach: They propose a multi-modal incongruity learning module to capture inconcluity information simultaneously at the text-level, image-level and cross-modal-level.
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms state-of-the-art methods on a publicly available dataset.
Multi-View Incongruity Learning for Multimodal Sarcasm Detection (2025.coling-main)

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Challenge: Existing methods for multimodal sarcasm detection rely on spurious correlations, demonstrating poor generalizability beyond training environments.
Approach: They propose a method that integrates multimodal incongruities via contrastive learning for multimodal sarcasm detection by using three views to drive multi-view learning.
Outcome: The proposed method outperforms existing methods on benchmark datasets and shows that it is more generalizable than existing methods.
SarcNet: A Multilingual Multimodal Sarcasm Detection Dataset (2024.lrec-main)

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Challenge: Sarcasm is an implicit form of sarcasm, involving an intended meaning that contradicts the literal expression . human use conflict between factual information and a statement as cues to detect sarcasm . sarkasmatic analysis is challenging due to its implicit nature .
Approach: They propose a multimodal sarcasm detection dataset that uses multiple modalities to detect sarcasm.
Outcome: The proposed model improves on previous models based on a single label . human sarcasm cannot be detected using a unified label across multiple modalities .
Towards Multi-Modal Sarcasm Detection via Hierarchical Congruity Modeling with Knowledge Enhancement (2022.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Sarcasm is a linguistic phenomenon indicating a discrepancy between literal meanings and implied intentions.
Approach: They propose a hierarchical framework for sarcasm detection by exploring atomic-level congruity and composition-level convergence.
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms existing methods on a public sarcasm detection dataset based on Twitter .
Sentiment and Emotion help Sarcasm? A Multi-task Learning Framework for Multi-Modal Sarcasm, Sentiment and Emotion Analysis (2020.acl-main)

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Challenge: Existing systems for sarcasm detection are limited by the use of sarcasm . sarasm is often used to convey thinly veiled disapproval humorously.
Approach: They propose a multi-task deep learning framework to solve sarcasm problems simultaneously . they manually annotate a sarcsm dataset with sentiment and emotion classes .
Outcome: The proposed framework is able to solve sarcasm, sentiment and emotion problems in a multi-modal conversational scenario.
Modeling Intra- and Inter-Modal Relations: Hierarchical Graph Contrastive Learning for Multimodal Sentiment Analysis (2022.coling-1)

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Challenge: Existing studies in Multimodal Sentiment Analysis lack a mechanism to understand complex relations between different modalities.
Approach: They propose a hierarchical graph contrastive learning framework for multimodal sentiment analysis that explores the relationships between modality representations.
Outcome: The proposed framework outperforms the state-of-the-art in multimodal sentiment analysis on two benchmark datasets.
Leveraging Generative Large Language Models with Visual Instruction and Demonstration Retrieval for Multimodal Sarcasm Detection (2024.naacl-long)

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Challenge: Existing methods for multimodal sarcasm detection do not fully utilize cross-modal features, limiting their performance on in-domain datasets.
Approach: They propose a multimodal sarcasm detection model with a designed instruction template and a demonstration retrieval module.
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms existing methods on in-domain datasets and achieves state-of-the-art performance.
A Dual Contrastive Learning Framework for Enhanced Multimodal Conversational Emotion Recognition (2025.coling-main)

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Challenge: Existing methods struggle to capture emotion shifts due to label replication and fail to preserve positive independent modality contributions during fusion.
Approach: They propose a Dual Contrastive Learning Framework that enhances existing MERC models without additional data.
Outcome: The proposed framework outperforms existing models on two MERC benchmark datasets and shows that it reduces label dependence and enhances emotion-sensitive independent modality features.
Dynamic Routing Transformer Network for Multimodal Sarcasm Detection (2023.acl-long)

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Challenge: Existing methods for multimodal sarcasm detection rely on fixed architectures to capture cross-modal incongruity.
Approach: They propose a method that uses dynamic paths to activate different routing transformer modules with hierarchical co-attention adapting to cross-modal incongruity.
Outcome: The proposed method is compared to state-of-the-art methods on a public dataset.

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