Papers by Rui He
Can Pre-trained Language Models Interpret Similes as Smart as Human? (2022.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Simile interpretation is a crucial task in natural language processing. |
| Approach: | They propose a task to let PLMs infer the shared properties of similes by probing textual corpora and human-designed questions. |
| Outcome: | The proposed task outperforms pre-trained language models on simile interpretation tasks while still underperforming humans. |
Optimizing Code Retrieval: High-Quality and Scalable Dataset Annotation through Large Language Models (2024.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods for code retrieval struggle to balance scalability and annotation quality. |
| Approach: | They propose a method that integrates functions called within the repository and information on third-party APIs to enhance the annotation context. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method improves the annotation context by incorporating functions called within the repository and information on third-party API functionalities. |
MetaPro 2.0: Computational Metaphor Processing on the Effectiveness of Anomalous Language Modeling (2024.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods for metaphor interpretation are slow due to lack of annotated datasets and effective pre-trained language models. |
| Approach: | They propose a large annotated dataset and a PLM for the metaphor interpretation task. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method improves on metaphor identification and interpretation with comparable baselines on the new dataset. |
Enhancing Medical Dialogue Generation through Knowledge Refinement and Dynamic Prompt Adjustment (2025.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Medical dialogue systems (MDS) struggle to identify relevant medical knowledge and generate accurate responses. |
| Approach: | They propose a medical dialogue system that integrates knowledge refining and dynamic prompt adjustment to improve medical knowledge and accuracy. |
| Outcome: | The proposed system outperforms state-of-the-art systems in both generation quality and medical entity accuracy. |
Draft Model Knows When to Stop: Self-Verification Speculative Decoding for Long-Form Generation (2025.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Conventional speculative decoding methods use a predefined length policy for proposing drafts, but the reality deviates from this assumption. |
| Approach: | They propose a self-verification length policy that adaptively determines the lengths of draft sequences by referring to the draft entropy. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method achieves 17% speedup on MT-Bench and 22% speedup in long-form reasoning. |
MADial-Bench: Towards Real-world Evaluation of Memory-Augmented Dialogue Generation (2025.naacl-long)
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| Challenge: | Existing evaluation metrics for memory-augmented dialogue systems lack practical value . current evaluation methods only consider passive memory retrieval while ignoring diverse memory recall with rich triggering factors. |
| Approach: | They propose to use long-term memory to create human-like dialogues using chatbots. |
| Outcome: | The proposed benchmark covers memory retrieval and memory recognition tasks with both passive and proactive memory recall data. |
Exploring the Semantic Space of Second Language Learners (2026.eacl-srw)
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| Challenge: | Using machine learning models, we compared the semantic space of university-level students learning French with native speakers' (L1) . |
| Approach: | They extracted semantic features from narrative text and used interpretability techniques to identify the most informative features per model. |
| Outcome: | The results show that the second language learners had higher semantic similarity scores than the native speakers at the token level, whereas the similarity decreased over time but did not reach native-level values. |
MinerU2.5: A Decoupled Vision-Language Model for Efficient High-Resolution Document Parsing (2026.acl-industry)
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Junbo Niu, Zheng Liu, Zhuangcheng Gu, Bin Wang, Linke Ouyang, Zhiyuan Zhao, Tao Chu, Tianyao He, Fan Wu, Qintong Zhang, Zhenjiang Jin, Guang Liang, Rui Zhang, Wenzheng Zhang, Yuan Qu, Zhifei Ren, Yuefeng Sun, Zirui Tang, Boyu Niu, Yuanhong Zheng, Dongsheng Ma, Ziyang Miao, Hejun Dong, Siyi Qian, Junyuan Zhang, Fangdong Wang, Jingzhou Chen, Xiaomeng Zhao, Liqun Wei, Wei Li, Shasha Wang, RuiLiang Xu, Yuanyuan Cao, Lu Chen, Qianqian Wu, Huaiyu Gu, Lindong Lu, Dechen Lin, null Shenguanlin, Xuanhe Zhou, Linfeng Zhang, Yuhang Zang, Xiaoyi Dong, Jiaqi Wang, Bo Zhang, Lei Bai, Pei Chu, Weijia Li, Jiang Wu, Lijun Wu, Zhenxiang Li, Guangyu Wang, Zhongying Tu, Chao Xu, Kai Chen, Bowen Zhou, Dahua Lin, Wentao Zhang, Conghui He
| Challenge: | Document images are characterized by higher resolutions, denser content, and more complex structural layouts. |
| Approach: | They propose a 1.2B-parameter document parsing vision-language model that decouples layout analysis from local content recognition. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model surpasses general-purpose and domain-specific models on multiple benchmarks while maintaining significantly lower computational overhead. |
SongComposer: A Large Language Model for Lyric and Melody Generation in Song Composition (2025.acl-long)
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Shuangrui Ding, Zihan Liu, Xiaoyi Dong, Pan Zhang, Rui Qian, Junhao Huang, Conghui He, Dahua Lin, Jiaqi Wang
| Challenge: | Creating lyrics and melodies in symbolic format requires expert knowledge of melody and an advanced understanding of lyrics. |
| Approach: | They introduce SongComposer, a music-specialized large language model that can create symbolic lyrics and melodies following instructions. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms existing models in symbolic song composition tasks. |
Amalgamating Knowledge from Two Teachers for Task-oriented Dialogue System with Adversarial Training (2020.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Existing approaches to task-oriented dialogue systems require a large number of handcrafted features and labels. |
| Approach: | They propose a "Two-Teacher One-Student" learning framework for task-oriented dialogue . the framework amalgamates knowledge from two teacher networks and provides guidance . |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework outperforms baseline methods on two benchmark datasets . it can retrieve accurate KB entities and generate human-like responses simultaneously . |
Improving Machine Translation with Human Feedback: An Exploration of Quality Estimation as a Reward Model (2024.naacl-long)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods to improve translation quality using human feedback have not been validated. |
| Approach: | They propose to use quality estimation to predict human preferences for feedback training . they propose to detect incorrect translations and assign a penalty term to the reward scores . |
| Outcome: | The proposed method outperforms systems using larger parallel corpora by a small amount of monolingual data. |
AgentGym: Evaluating and Training Large Language Model-based Agents across Diverse Environments (2025.acl-long)
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Zhiheng Xi, Yiwen Ding, Wenxiang Chen, Boyang Hong, Honglin Guo, Junzhe Wang, Xin Guo, Dingwen Yang, Chenyang Liao, Wei He, Songyang Gao, Lu Chen, Rui Zheng, Yicheng Zou, Tao Gui, Qi Zhang, Xipeng Qiu, Xuanjing Huang, Zuxuan Wu, Yu-Gang Jiang
| Challenge: | Large language models (LLMs) are promising foundations to build generally-capable agents . however, the community lacks a unified interactive framework that covers diverse environments for comprehensive evaluation of agents. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework that features 7 real-world scenarios, 14 environments, and 89 tasks for unified, real-time, and concurrent agent interaction. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework features 7 real-world scenarios, 14 environments, and 89 tasks for unified, real-time, and concurrent agent interaction. |
Efficient OpAmp Adaptation for Zoom Attention to Golden Contexts (2025.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Large language models have shown significant promise in question-answering tasks . noisy reference documents hinder performance of LLMs, causing disproportionate attention to irrelevant content . |
| Approach: | They propose an adaptive large language model that allocates disproportionate attention to irrelevant documents . they use transformers to train the model and integrate it into pre-trained Transformer blocks . |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms state-of-the-art models on noisy-context benchmarks. |
CLEAN–EVAL: Clean Evaluation on Contaminated Large Language Models (2024.findings-naacl)
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Wenhong Zhu, Hongkun Hao, Zhiwei He, Yun-Ze Song, Jiao Yueyang, Yumeng Zhang, Hanxu Hu, Yiran Wei, Rui Wang, Hongyuan Lu
| Challenge: | Existing methods to evaluate large language models are prone to data contamination. |
| Approach: | They propose a method which parses contaminated data and back-translates it into a candidate set. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method reduces data contamination and evaluates the LLMs more cleanly. |
TeCS: A Dataset and Benchmark for Tense Consistency of Machine Translation (2023.acl-short)
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| Challenge: | tense inconsistency is a common problem in machine translation systems. |
| Approach: | They propose a parallel tense test set, containing French-English 552 utterances, and introduce a benchmark, tence prediction accuracy. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model can measure the tense consistency performance of machine translation systems for the first time. |
Traffic Light or Light Traffic? Investigating Phrasal Semantics in Large Language Models (2024.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | Phrases are fundamental linguistic units through which humans convey semantics. |
| Approach: | They assess the capacity of API-based large language models to comprehend phrase semantics . they use three human-annotated datasets to analyze their results . |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms embedding-based methods in phrase semantic reasoning tasks . the proposed model does not show significant advantage over fine-tuned methods . |
Neuro-Symbolic Sentiment Analysis with Dynamic Word Sense Disambiguation (2023.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | Traditional neural network models represent word senses as vectors that are uninterpretable for humans. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework that incorporates word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) by identifying and paraphrasing ambiguous words to improve sentiment predictions. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework improves sentiment analysis accuracy and interpretability on a downstream task without ground-truth word sense labels. |
LongCLI-Bench: A Preliminary Benchmark and Study for Long-horizon Agentic Programming in Command-Line Interfaces (2026.findings-acl)
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Yukang Feng, Jianwen Sun, Zelai Yang, Jiaxin Ai, Chuanhao Li, Zizhen Li, Fanrui Zhang, Kang He, Rui Ma, Jifan Lin, Jie Sun, Yang Xiao, Sizhuo Zhou, Wenxiao Wu, Yiming Liu, Pengfei Liu, Shenglin Zhang, Kaipeng Zhang
| Challenge: | Existing benchmarks for agentic programming in long-horizon command-line interface tasks are limited by short task horizons, data contamination from GitHub scraping, and a lack of fine-grained evaluation metrics. |
| Approach: | They propose a benchmark to evaluate agentic capabilities across long-horizon command-line interface tasks. |
| Outcome: | The proposed benchmarks cover four engineering categories: from scratch, feature addition, bug fixing, and refactoring. |
Measuring Bargaining Abilities of LLMs: A Benchmark and A Buyer-Enhancement Method (2024.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Using a novel approach, we can evaluate an agent’s bargaining abilities as an asymmetric incomplete information game. |
| Approach: | They propose an approach that integrates a deterministic Offer Generator and an LLM Narrator to create natural language sentences for generated offers. |
| Outcome: | The proposed approach improves the buyer’s deal rates from 26.67% to 88.88% and brings a ten times multiplication of profits on all baselines, even a model that has not been aligned. |
CAPE: A Chinese Dataset for Appraisal-based Emotional Generation in Large Language Models (2025.findings-naacl)
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| Challenge: | Existing LLMs fail to capture the nuances of human emotions, making their interactions seem impersonal or inadequate. |
| Approach: | They propose a two-stage automatic data generation framework to generate a Chinese dataset called CAPE . their data is a cognitive appraisal theory-based Emotional corpus that accounts for personal and situational factors. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework can generate human-like responses in conversation with large language models. |
An Empirical Study on Neural Keyphrase Generation (2021.naacl-main)
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| Challenge: | Recent years have seen a flourishing of neural keyphrase generation (KPG) works, including the release of several large-scale datasets and a host of new models to tackle them. |
| Approach: | They propose to compare the generalizability of KPG models with other models by analyzing the most crucial factors that may affect their generalizarability. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model can be used to predict keyphrases from a set of input sequences, and it can be compared with existing models. |
COPNER: Contrastive Learning with Prompt Guiding for Few-shot Named Entity Recognition (2022.coling-1)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods for Named Entity Recognition (NER) use a similarity metric to measure semantic similarity between test samples and referents, but their performance is limited due to the label scarcity. |
| Approach: | They propose a novel approach to learn a similarity metric for measuring the semantic similarity between test samples and referents, where each referent represents an entity class. |
| Outcome: | The proposed approach outperforms state-of-the-art models with a significant margin in most cases. |
Evaluating LLMs’ Assessment of Mixed-Context Hallucination Through the Lens of Summarization (2025.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Large language models generate coherent text and follow instructions across diverse tasks, but a critical challenge in scaling LLM applications is hallucination, where the generated content lacks factual grounding or deviates from the intended discourse context. |
| Approach: | They use summarization as a representative task to evaluate LLMs' capability in detecting mixed-context hallucinations, specifically distinguishing between factual and non-factual hallucinos. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model distinguishes between factual and non-factual hallucinations, and their performance bottlenecks. |
Open Event Extraction from Online Text using a Generative Adversarial Network (D19-1)
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| Challenge: | Existing approaches to extract structured representations of open-domain events are limited . a recent study shows that the model outperforms the baseline approaches for extracting events from online texts . |
| Approach: | They propose an event extraction model based on Generative Adversarial Nets which captures latent events with a generator network and a discriminator to distinguish documents reconstructed from latent and original events. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms baseline models on two Twitter and a news article datasets. |
Finding the Dominant Winning Ticket in Pre-Trained Language Models (2022.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Existing studies on pre-trained language models show that they can fine-tune parameters but achieve good downstream performance. |
| Approach: | They find that a dominant winning ticket takes up 0.05% of the parameters and is transferable across different tasks. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model can achieve comparable performance with the full-parameter model, the authors show . the dominant winning ticket takes up 0.05% of the parameters, and the model is transferable across tasks, they show - the authors conclude . |
UICOMPASS: UI Map Guided Mobile Task Automation via Adaptive Action Generation (2025.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Mobile task automation is an emerging technology that leverages AI to automatically execute routine tasks by users’ commands on mobile devices like Android. |
| Approach: | They propose a UI Map-guided LLM-based approach to automate mobile tasks using static analysis and LLMs. |
| Outcome: | The proposed approach achieves a 15.87% higher task execution success rate than SOTA approaches even when only APK is available. |
Learning from Committee: Reasoning Distillation from a Mixture of Teachers with Peer-Review (2025.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Large language models (LLMs) have proven to be highly effective in addressing a wide range of complex tasks. |
| Approach: | They propose a method that asks teachers to identify and explain student’s mistakes and then asks them to provide customized instruction learning data. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method reduces the chance of teachers guessing incorrectly with flawed rationales, improving instructional data quality. |
Comprehensive Benchmarking of Long-Form Speech Generation in Diverse Scenarios (2026.findings-acl)
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Changhao Pan, Rui Yang, Han Wang, Zhuan Zhou, Xuming He, Wenxiang Guo, Ziyue Jiang, Ruiqi Li, Yu Zhang, Chenyuhao Wen, Ke Lei, Xiang Yin, Jingyu Lu, Zhiyuan Zhu, Zhou Zhao
| Challenge: | Existing evaluation benchmarks for long-form speech are limited to limited domains, creating a significant gap with the diverse downstream applications. |
| Approach: | They propose a benchmark that decomposes "long-form speech quality" into specific, disentangled dimensions. |
| Outcome: | The proposed benchmark decomposes “long-form speech quality” into specific, disentangled dimensions. |
CA-GAR: Context-Aware Alignment of LLM Generation for Document Retrieval (2025.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Recent techniques such as Generation-Augmented Retrieval (GAR) and Generative Document Retrieleval (GDR) leverage LLMs to enhance retrieval performance but face key challenges: GAR’s generated content may not always align with the target document corpus, while GDR limits the generative capacity of LLM. |
| Approach: | They propose a Context-Aware Generation-Augmented Retrieval approach which integrates corpus information into their generation process. |
| Outcome: | Experimental results show that CA-GAR outperforms existing methods on seven tasks and four non-English languages. |
Refining Sentence Embedding Model through Ranking Sentences Generation with Large Language Models (2025.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Sentence embedding is essential for many NLP tasks, but reliance on manual labels limits scalability. |
| Approach: | They propose a method for controlling the generation direction of large language models in the latent space by integrating ranking information and semantic information. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method achieves new SOTA performance with a modest cost in ranking sentence synthesis. |
CAST: Achieving Stable LLM-based Text Analysis for Data Analytics (2026.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Text analysis of tabular data relies on two core operations: summarization for corpus-level theme extraction and tagging for row-level labeling. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework that enhances output stability by constraining the model’s latent reasoning trajectory. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework improves stability by constraining the model's latent reasoning trajectory. |
Bridging the Data Gap between Training and Inference for Unsupervised Neural Machine Translation (2022.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Experimental results show that backtranslation improves UNMT performance by reducing the data gap between training and inference. |
| Approach: | They propose an online method to remedy the source discrepancy between training and inference . they use pseudo parallel data with translated source and translated target to mimic inference scenario . |
| Outcome: | The proposed method outperforms baselines on several widely-used language pairs by remedying the style and content gaps. |
Vanessa: Visual Connotation and Aesthetic Attributes Understanding Network for Multimodal Aspect-based Sentiment Analysis (2024.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods to analyze images focus on superficial features or descriptions, omitting subtle contextual information. |
| Approach: | They propose a Visual Connotation and Aesthetic Attributes Understanding Network (Vanessa) for Multimodal Aspect-based Sentiment Analysis. |
| Outcome: | The proposed network captures both implicit and explicit sentimental cues and can be used to enrich textual sentiment analysis. |
Empowering Reliable Visual-Centric Instruction Following in MLLMs (2026.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Existing benchmarks for evaluating instruction-following capabilities focus on verbal instructions in the textual modality. |
| Approach: | They propose to incorporate vision-dependent constraints into instruction design to enable a more rigorous assessment of how well MLLMs align their outputs with both visual input and textual instructions. |
| Outcome: | The proposed benchmark incorporates vision-dependent constraints into instruction design, enabling a more rigorous and fine-grained assessment of how well MLLMs align their outputs with both visual input and textual instructions. |
Multi-perspective Preference Alignment of LLMs for Programming-Community Question Answering (2025.coling-main)
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| Challenge: | Extensive experiments on a high-quality, real-world PCQA dataset validate its accuracy and preference. |
| Approach: | They propose a multi-perspective preference alignment for programming-community question answering to generate user-centric responses. |
| Outcome: | Experiments on a high-quality, real-world PCQA dataset validate the proposed model's accuracy and preference. |
MoE Adapter for Large Audio Language Models: Sparsity, Disentanglement, and Gradient-Conflict-Free (2026.findings-acl)
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Yishu Lei, Shuwei He, Hu Jing, Dan Zhang, Xianlong Luo, Danxiang Zhu, Shikun Feng, Rui Liu, Jingzhou HE, Yu Sun, Hua Wu, Haifeng Wang
| Challenge: | Existing research on Large Language Models (LLMs) limited to textual input modality . acoustic information is intrinsically heterogeneous, entangling attributes such as speech, music, and environmental context. |
| Approach: | They propose a sparse Mixture-of-Experts architecture to decouple acoustic information by routing audio tokens to specialized experts. |
| Outcome: | The proposed architecture outperforms existing models on audio semantic and paralinguistic tasks while retaining shared experts for global context. |
A2ATS: Retrieval-Based KV Cache Reduction via Windowed Rotary Position Embedding and Query-Aware Vector Quantization (2025.findings-acl)
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Junhui He, Junna Xing, Nan Wang, Rui Xu, Shangyu Wu, Peng Zhou, Qiang Liu, Chun Jason Xue, Qingan Li
| Challenge: | Long context large language models (LLMs) pose significant challenges for efficient serving due to the large memory footprint and high access overhead of KV cache. |
| Approach: | They propose a retrieval-based method to reduce the memory footprint of LLMs . they propose Windowed Rotary Position Embedding and query-aware vector quantization . |
| Outcome: | The proposed method can achieve lower performance degradation with lower overhead compared to existing methods . it can reduce the memory footprint and access overhead of long context large language models . |
Making Pre-trained Language Models Better Learn Few-Shot Spoken Language Understanding in More Practical Scenarios (2023.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Existing few-shot Spoken Language Understanding models need to be trained on a set of data-rich source domains and adapt to the target domain with a few examples. |
| Approach: | They propose a scenario where only a pre-trained language model and a few labeled examples are used to train few-shot SLU models. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms existing models on few-shot settings by reducing the number of slot labels and reducing training complexity. |
Ex3: Automatic Novel Writing by Extracting, Excelsior and Expanding (2024.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Generating long-term texts using artificial intelligence has always been a challenge . however, the generated novels exhibit poor logical coherence and appeal in their plots and deficiencies in character and event depiction, ultimately compromising the overall narrative quality. |
| Approach: | They propose a method for extracting excelsior and expanding from novel data to generate arbitrarily long novels using large language models. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method produces high-quality long-form novels with a high level of logical coherence and appeal despite the use of large language models. |
DSPM-NLG: A Dual Supervised Pre-trained Model for Few-shot Natural Language Generation in Task-oriented Dialogue System (2023.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Existing models for few-shot natural language generation are based on a dual correlation between NLG and SLU from the perspective of probability. |
| Approach: | They propose a dual supervised pre-trained model to regularize the pre-training process . they use a probabilistic approach to learn the dual correlation between NLG and SLU . |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms the previous state-of-the-art models on a few-shot dataset. |
SentiX: A Sentiment-Aware Pre-Trained Model for Cross-Domain Sentiment Analysis (2020.coling-main)
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| Challenge: | Pre-trained language models have been widely applied to cross-domain NLP tasks like sentiment analysis, but fine-tuning them on the source domain tends to overfit, leading to inferior results on the target domain. |
| Approach: | They propose to pre-train a sentiment-aware language model (SentiX) via domain-invariant sentiment knowledge from large-scale review datasets and utilize it for cross-domain sentiment analysis tasks without fine-tuning. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model achieves state-of-the-art in all the cross-domain sentiment analysis tasks and can be trained with only 1% samples and better than BERT with 90% samples. |
Integrating Transformer and Paraphrase Rules for Sentence Simplification (D18-1)
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| Challenge: | Current models for sentence simplification adopted ideas from machine translation studies and implicitly learned simplification mapping rules from normal-simple sentence pairs. |
| Approach: | They propose a novel model based on a multi-layer and multi-head attention architecture and two innovative approaches to integrate a paraphrase knowledge base for simplification. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms state-of-the-art models for sentence simplification . it seeks to select more accurate simplification rules, the authors show . |
MathFusion: Enhancing Mathematical Problem-solving of LLM through Instruction Fusion (2025.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown impressive progress in mathematical problem-solving . current approaches to enhance mathematical reasoning focus on instance-level modifications . |
| Approach: | They propose a framework that enhances mathematical reasoning through cross-problem instruction synthesis. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework boosts mathematical reasoning by 18.0 points while maintaining high data efficiency. |
XRICL: Cross-lingual Retrieval-Augmented In-Context Learning for Cross-lingual Text-to-SQL Semantic Parsing (2022.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | Existing work focuses on English datasets, and it is unclear whether large language models can serve as competitive semantic parsers for other languages. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework that learns to retrieve relevant English exemplars for a given query to construct prompts. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework learns to retrieve relevant English exemplars for a given query to construct prompts. |
Bringing Structure into Summaries: a Faceted Summarization Dataset for Long Scientific Documents (2021.acl-short)
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| Challenge: | Faceted summarization provides briefings of a document from different perspectives. |
| Approach: | They propose a faceted summarization benchmark built on Emerald journal articles . they propose faceted models that bring structure into faceted documents . |
| Outcome: | The proposed benchmark is based on Emerald journal articles and covers a diverse range of domains. |
R-Judge: Benchmarking Safety Risk Awareness for LLM Agents (2024.findings-emnlp)
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Tongxin Yuan, Zhiwei He, Lingzhong Dong, Yiming Wang, Ruijie Zhao, Tian Xia, Lizhen Xu, Binglin Zhou, Fangqi Li, Zhuosheng Zhang, Rui Wang, Gongshen Liu
| Challenge: | Large language models (LLMs) have shown compelling abilities in reasoning, decision-making, and instruction following. |
| Approach: | They propose a benchmark to evaluate the proficiency of large language models (LLMs) in judging and identifying safety risks given agent interaction records. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms the best-performing model, GPT-4o, while no other models significantly exceed the random. |
UniRAG: Unified Query Understanding Method for Retrieval Augmented Generation (2025.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Existing query augmentation methods face knowledge update lag and hallucinations in large language models (LLMs) Existing methods face two key challenges: (1) separation of query augmented and encoding tasks, which hinders information sharing and introduces cumulative errors; (2) difficulty of selecting optimal augmentation strategy for different scenarios. |
| Approach: | They propose a unified framework for query understanding in RAG that integrates internal and external knowledge to enhance query augmentation and encoding tasks. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework outperforms traditional query augmentation methods in five knowledge-intensive benchmark tasks in both closed and open domain question answering. |
CharTide: Data-Centric Chart-to-Code Generation via Tri-Perspective Tuning and Inquiry-Driven Evolution (2026.acl-long)
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Xiangxi Zheng, Kuang He, Jiayi Hu, Ping Yu, Rui Yan, Yuan Yao, Peng Hou, Anxiang Zeng, Alex Jinpeng Wang
| Challenge: | Existing approaches to chart-to-code generation are constrained by data-centric limitations . authors present a new framework that redesigns both training and alignment data . |
| Approach: | They propose a data-centric framework that redesigns both training and alignment data for chart-to-code generation. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework outperforms open-source baselines and is competitive with GPT-5. |
Unsupervised Sign Language Translation and Generation (2024.findings-acl)
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Zhengsheng Guo, Zhiwei He, Wenxiang Jiao, Xing Wang, Rui Wang, Kehai Chen, Zhaopeng Tu, Yong Xu, Min Zhang
| Challenge: | Experimental results on the BBC-Oxford Sign Language dataset reveal that USLNet achieves competitive results compared to supervised baseline models. |
| Approach: | They propose an unsupervised sign language translation and generation network that learns from abundant single-modality data without parallel sign language data. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model achieves competitive results compared to baseline models on the BBC-Oxford Sign Language dataset and Open-Domain American Sign Language data. |
Compiling Activation Steering into Weights via Null-Space Constraints for Stealthy Backdoors (2026.acl-long)
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Rui Yin, Tianxu Han, Naen Xu, Changjiang Li, Ping He, Chunyi Zhou, Jun Wang, Zhihui Fu, Tianyu Du, Jinbao Li, Shouling Ji
| Challenge: | Existing methods to inject safety-aligned large language models rely on token-level mappings, which do not guarantee sustained harmful output. |
| Approach: | They propose a method that directly modifies model weights to map a trigger to an attacker-specified response. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method achieves high triggered attack success while maintaining non-triggered safety and general utility. |
GLiM: Integrating Graph Transformer and LLM for Document-Level Biomedical Relation Extraction with Incomplete Labeling (2025.findings-acl)
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Hao Fang, Yuejie Zhang, Rui Feng, Yingwen Wang, Qing Wang, Wen He, Xiaobo Zhang, Tao Zhang, Shang Gao
| Challenge: | Document-level relation extraction (DocRE) solves problems of document quality . number of entities and entity-pair relations increases, causing incomplete annotations . |
| Approach: | a framework that reduces the problem space using a graph-enhanced Transformer-based model is proposed . GLiM leverages large language models for reasoning to reduce the problem-space . |
| Outcome: | GLiM boosts average recall and F1 scores on biomedical datasets . compared with existing models, GLim outperforms existing models on biomedicine benchmarks compared to existing models . |
Can Watermarks Survive Translation? On the Cross-lingual Consistency of Text Watermark for Large Language Models (2024.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Existing text watermarking technologies lack consistency when texts are translated into different languages. |
| Approach: | They propose a cross-lingual watermark removal attack to bypass watermarking by first obtaining a response from an LLM in a pivot language and then translating it into the target language. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method can remove watermarks without performance loss by obtaining a response from an LLM in a pivot language and then translating it into the target language. |
SpiderFlow: Efficient Topology-Aware Scheduling for LLM Training Across Decentralized GPU Clusters (2026.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Existing approaches to training large language models lack topologyaware task scheduling mechanisms and model parallelization strategies. |
| Approach: | They propose a topology-aware scheduling system specifically designed for decentralized GPU clusters . they propose heuristic methods at the inter-cluster level with ILP-based optimization within clusters. |
| Outcome: | The proposed system reduces job completion time by 1.2-1.3 and improves throughput by 1.12-1.25 . it also reduces scheduling overhead by 20-90 on average compared to state-of-the-art scheduling systems. |
PICD-Instruct: A Generative Instruction Learning Framework for Few-Shot Multi-Intent Spoken Language Understanding (2025.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have utilized instruction learning frameworks to model intent-slot interdependencies, typically requiring abundant data for effective training. |
| Approach: | They propose a generative framework based on Basic Instructions (BI), Pairwise Interaction Instructions and Contrastive Distinct Instructions to solve these challenges. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework achieves state-of-the-art performance on public datasets. |
MetaPro Online: A Computational Metaphor Processing Online System (2023.acl-demo)
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| Challenge: | Metaphors do not take literal meanings in contexts, which may cause difficulties for language learners and machines to understand them. |
| Approach: | They propose a computational metaphor processing online system that queries metaphoricity labels, paraphrases and concept mappings for non-domain-specific text. |
| Outcome: | The proposed system can query metaphoricity labels, paraphrases, and concept mappings for non-domain-specific text without coding background. |
Encouraging Divergent Thinking in Large Language Models through Multi-Agent Debate (2024.emnlp-main)
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Tian Liang, Zhiwei He, Wenxiang Jiao, Xing Wang, Yan Wang, Rui Wang, Yujiu Yang, Shuming Shi, Zhaopeng Tu
| Challenge: | Modern large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable performance on general language tasks but struggle on complex reasoning tasks. |
| Approach: | They propose a multi-agent debate framework that encourages divergent thinking in LLMs . they propose to break debate and use a judge to obtain a final solution . |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework encourages divergent thinking in large language models . it is able to generate novel thoughts even if initial stance is incorrect . |
MAXS: Meta-Adaptive Exploration with LLM Agents (2026.findings-acl)
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Jian Zhang, Zhiyuan Wang, Zhangqi Wang, Yu He, Haoran Luo, li Yuan, Lingling Zhang, Rui Mao, Qika Lin, Jun Liu
| Challenge: | Existing methods for inference are often myopic and have divergent reasoning paths . a meta-adaptive reasoning framework is proposed to improve the efficiency of LLM agents . |
| Approach: | They propose a meta-adaptive reasoning framework that integrates tool execution and reasoning planning. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework outperforms existing methods in performance and inference efficiency. |
One Size Does Not Fit All: Generating and Evaluating Variable Number of Keyphrases (2020.acl-main)
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| Challenge: | Existing models for keyphrase generation do not provide a desideratum for the number of keyphrases in texts. |
| Approach: | They propose a recurrent generative model that generates multiple keyphrases as delimiter-separated sequences. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms baseline models on all datasets. |
Large Language Models are Complex Table Parsers (2023.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Extensive experiments and results on Complex Table QA datasets, i.e., the open-domain dataset HiTAB and the aviation domain dataset AIT-QA show that our approach significantly outperforms previous work on both datasets. |
| Approach: | They propose to incorporate Generative Pre-trained Transformer 3.5 to address the specific challenges posed by Complex Table QA by reconstructing tables into tuples and using prompt templates to create dialogues. |
| Outcome: | The proposed approach outperforms previous work on complex table parsing datasets and leads to state-of-the-art (SOTA) performance. |
Aspect-Based Sentiment Analysis with Syntax-Opinion-Sentiment Reasoning Chain (2025.coling-main)
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| Challenge: | Syntactic structures are crucial for capturing aspect-opinion relationships . syntactically based models struggle with linguistic complexities . |
| Approach: | They propose a syntactic-opinion-sentiment reasoning framework that leverages syntaktic information to improve ABSA performance. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework improves ABSA performance, though smaller LLMs exhibit weaker performance. |
General-to-Specific Transfer Labeling for Domain Adaptable Keyphrase Generation (2023.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Large distribution shifts among different domains hinder transferability of keyphrase generation models. |
| Approach: | They propose a pipeline which guides KPG models’ learning focus from general syntactical features to domain-related semantics in a data-efficient manner. |
| Outcome: | The proposed pipeline can produce good quality keyphrases in new domains and achieve consistent improvements after adaptation with limited in-domain annotated data. |
Position Paper: Data-Centric AI in the Age of Large Language Models (2024.findings-emnlp)
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Xinyi Xu, Zhaoxuan Wu, Rui Qiao, Arun Verma, Yao Shu, Jingtan Wang, Xinyuan Niu, Zhenfeng He, Jiangwei Chen, Zijian Zhou, Gregory Kang Ruey Lau, Hieu Dao, Lucas Agussurja, Rachael Hwee Ling Sim, Xiaoqiang Lin, Wenyang Hu, Zhongxiang Dai, Pang Wei Koh, Bryan Kian Hsiang Low
| Challenge: | a paper proposes a data-centric perspective of AI research, focusing on large language models. |
| Approach: | They propose a data-centric viewpoint of AI research, focusing on large language models . they propose four scenarios centered around data, including data curation, attribution, knowledge transfer . |
| Outcome: | The proposed research focuses on large language models with data centric benchmarks . the proposed benchmarks can be used to develop new data curation methods . |
Evaluating Robustness of Large Audio Language Models to Audio Injection: An Empirical Study (2025.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Large Audio-Language Models (LALMs) are increasingly being deployed in real-world applications, yet their robustness against malicious audio injection remains underexplored. |
| Approach: | They quantitatively assess their vulnerabilities and resilience using metrics: the Defense Success Rate, Context Robustness Score, and Judgment Robustic Index. |
| Outcome: | The proposed models demonstrate significant performance disparities across four attack scenarios. |
Neural Topic Modeling with Bidirectional Adversarial Training (2020.acl-main)
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| Challenge: | Recent studies have shown that neural topic models for automatic topic extraction avoid complicated mathematical derivations for model inference. |
| Approach: | They propose a bidirectional adversarial topic model which uses a generator and an encoder to infer topic distribution. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms baselines and competitive models in three benchmark corpora. |
One-Dimensional Object Detection for Streaming Text Segmentation of Meeting Dialogue (2025.findings-acl)
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Rui He, Zhongqing Wang, Minjie Qiang, Hongling Wang, Yifan.zhang Yifan.zhang, Hua Xu, Shuai Fan, Guodong Zhou
| Challenge: | Current text segmentation models exhibit numerous limitations, such as imbalances in labels that affect the stability of model training and discrepancies between the model’s training tasks (sentence classification) and the actual text segmenting. |
| Approach: | They implement a sliding window-based segmentation method and employ two different levels of sliding window based balanced label strategies to stabilize the training process of the streaming segmentation model. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method is robust, controllable, and achieves state-of-the-art performance. |