Papers by Xinyi Xu
RealSec-bench: A Benchmark for Evaluating Secure Code Generation in Real-World Repositories (2026.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Existing benchmarks for large language models fail to capture complex interplay between functionality and security. |
| Approach: | They propose a benchmark for secure code generation constructed from real-world, high-risk Java repositories. |
| Outcome: | The proposed benchmarks highlight the gap between functional and secure code generation in LLMs. |
Towards Robust Numerical Question Answering: Diagnosing Numerical Capabilities of NLP Systems (2022.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Numerical Question Answering is the task of answering questions that require numerical capabilities. |
| Approach: | They propose to conduct numerical capability diagnosis on a series of Numerical Question Answering systems and datasets. |
| Outcome: | The proposed approach relieves existing systems’ lack of robust numerical capabilities. |
Label Representations in Modeling Classification as Text Generation (2020.aacl-srw)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods for text generation use strings to represent labels . linguistic properties of labels do affect performance, though their results are limited to document retrieval. |
| Approach: | They investigate the effect of string representations on how effectively a model learns a task . they use four standard text classification tasks to model string representation . |
| Outcome: | The proposed model improves on four standard text classification tasks . the results are largely negative in the low data setting . |
Uncovering Scaling Laws for Large Language Models via Inverse Problems (2025.findings-emnlp)
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Arun Verma, Zhaoxuan Wu, Zijian Zhou, Xiaoqiang Lin, Zhiliang Chen, Rachael Hwee Ling Sim, Rui Qiao, Jingtan Wang, Nhung Bui, Xinyuan Niu, Wenyang Hu, Gregory Kang Ruey Lau, Zi-Yu Khoo, Zitong Zhao, Xinyi Xu, Apivich Hemachandra, See-Kiong Ng, Bryan Kian Hsiang Low
| Challenge: | Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success across diverse domains. |
| Approach: | inverse problems can efficiently uncover scaling laws that guide the building of LLMs, authors argue . authors propose brute-force approaches to improve LLM training costs due to high costs . |
| Outcome: | This paper advocates that inverse problems can efficiently uncover scaling laws that guide the building of LLMs to achieve the desirable performance with significantly better cost-effectiveness. |
PreP-OCR: A Complete Pipeline for Document Image Restoration and Enhanced OCR Accuracy (2025.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Existing pipelines that combine document image restoration with semantic-aware post-OCR correction can improve text extraction from degraded images. |
| Approach: | They propose a two-stage pipeline that combines document image restoration with semantic-aware post-OCR correction to enhance both visual clarity and textual consistency. |
| Outcome: | The proposed pipeline reduces character error rates by 63.9-70.3% on 13,831 pages of real historical documents in English, French, and Spanish compared to OCR on raw images. |
TheoremQA: A Theorem-driven Question Answering Dataset (2023.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Recent LLMs like GPT-4 and PaLM-2 have made tremendous progress in solving fundamental math problems like GSM8K by achieving over 90% accuracy. |
| Approach: | They propose to use theorem-driven question-answering dataset to evaluate AI models' ability to apply theoretic concepts to solving challenging science problems. |
| Outcome: | TheoremQA is curated by domain experts and contains 800 high-quality questions covering 350 theoremics from Math, Physics, EE&CS, and Finance. |
Code over Words: Overcoming Semantic Inertia via Code-Grounded Reasoning (2026.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Large Language Models struggle with semantic inertia, a problem that is often attributed to natural language encoding, which entangles descriptive semantics and logical rules, leading to persistent hallucinations of familiar physics despite explicit contradictory rules. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework that decouples logical dynamics from visual priors via amortized theory induction and counterfactual contrastive alignment. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework outperforms expensive inference-time search methods in both efficiency and accuracy. |
AnaMeta: A Table Understanding Dataset of Field Metadata Knowledge Shared by Multi-dimensional Data Analysis Tasks (2023.findings-acl)
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Xinyi He, Mengyu Zhou, Mingjie Zhou, Jialiang Xu, Xiao Lv, Tianle Li, Yijia Shao, Shi Han, Zejian Yuan, Dongmei Zhang
| Challenge: | Tabular data analysis is performed everyday across various domains. |
| Approach: | They propose to use a dataset of 467k tables with supervision labels for four types of field metadata. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework improves the understanding capability of tabular models by incorporating distribution and knowledge information. |
PersLEARN: Research Training through the Lens of Perspective Cultivation (2023.acl-demo)
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Yu-Zhe Shi, Shiqian Li, Xinyi Niu, Qiao Xu, Jiawen Liu, Yifan Xu, Shiyu Gu, Bingru He, Xinyang Li, Xinyu Zhao, Zijian Zhao, Yidong Lyu, Zhen Li, Sijia Liu, Lin Qiu, Jinhao Ji, Lecheng Ruan, Yuxi Ma, Wenjuan Han, Yixin Zhu
| Challenge: | PersLEARN is a tool designed to facilitate the cultivation of scientific perspectives . junior researchers struggle to identify the perspectives reflected in the literature and struggle to develop their own viewpoints. |
| Approach: | They propose a tool to facilitate the cultivation of scientific perspectives by interacting with a prompt-based model and allowing students to develop their own perspectives explicitly. |
| Outcome: | The proposed tool outperforms baseline approaches across multiple domains of literature from different perspectives. |
FOFO: A Benchmark to Evaluate LLMs’ Format-Following Capability (2024.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Existing benchmarks fail to assess large language models’ format-following proficiency adequately. |
| Approach: | They propose a benchmark to evaluate large language models' ability to follow complex, domain-specific formats. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework evaluates large language models' ability to follow complex, domain-specific formats across open-source and closed-source models. |
JanusMM: A Benchmark for Self-Deprecation Understanding in Real-World Multimodal Conversations (2026.acl-long)
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Xinyi Xu, Bingguang Hao, Yongyi Xiong, Zimo Chen, Xinchen Liu, Hongxin Guo, Xuelong Wang, Silin Zhou, Shihan Dou
| Challenge: | Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) are a common communicative strategy in human society, often using image-text interplay to express emotions and intentions. |
| Approach: | They propose to evaluate multimodal large language models (MLLMs)' understanding of self-deprecation in real-world conversations using 2,016 bilingual memes. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework evaluates MLLMs' understanding of self-deprecation in real-world conversations. |
PECO: Examining Single Sentence Label Leakage in Natural Language Inference Datasets through Progressive Evaluation of Cluster Outliers (2023.eacl-main)
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| Challenge: | Efforts to debias NLI have led to datasets that exhibit different kinds of bias than those shown before. |
| Approach: | They propose a new technique to detect and reduce single sentence label leakage . leakage is a problem with many modern NLI datasets, they argue . future work must prioritize reducing this problem, they write . |
| Outcome: | a new model-driven technique can detect leakage and detect subpopulations in the datasets which exhibit it . the proposed technique is based on the progressive evaluation of cluster outliers (PECO) . it allows objective measurement of leakage, and automatic detection of subpopulations in the data which exhibit leakage. |
GUI0: Self-Evolving Foundational GUI Agents in Super App Ecosystems (2026.acl-long)
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Xinyi Wang, Wei Dai, Kyle Qiao, Ke Wang, Peng Chen, Gang Cao, null Kangqin, Zhongpu Wang, Xiaode Zhang, Yanming Liu, Jihao Gu, Jingtao Xu, Gong Zhi
| Challenge: | Automated interaction with graphical user interfaces (GUIs) is central to general artificial intelligence, but remains challenging within Super App ecosystems. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework synergizing autonomous data synthesis with dual-agent co-evolution . GUI0 establishes a domain-aware foundation model via synthesized corpora and employs curriculum-driven reinforcement learning . |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework outperforms Gemini-2.5-Pro and Claude-4-Sonnet in the SuperAPP benchmark and has universal efficacy across base models. |
Instruction-Tuning Data Synthesis from Scratch via Web Reconstruction (2025.findings-acl)
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Yuxin Jiang, Yufei Wang, Chuhan Wu, Xinyi Dai, Yan Xu, Weinan Gan, Yasheng Wang, Xin Jiang, Lifeng Shang, Ruiming Tang, Wei Wang
| Challenge: | Existing methods for generating and curating high-quality instruction-tuning data rely heavily on the quality of seed data or strong assumptions about the structure and content of web documents. |
| Approach: | They propose a fully automated framework for synthesizing high-quality instruction-tuning (IT) data directly from raw web documents with minimal assumptions. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework outperforms state-of-the-art baselines by 16.65% across four instruction-following benchmarks. |
LLM×MapReduce: Simplified Long-Sequence Processing using Large Language Models (2025.acl-long)
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Zihan Zhou, Chong Li, Xinyi Chen, Shuo Wang, Yu Chao, Zhili Li, Haoyu Wang, Qi Shi, Zhixing Tan, Xu Han, Xiaodong Shi, Zhiyuan Liu, Maosong Sun
| Challenge: | Existing studies have focused on extending the context length of large language models (LLMs) due to their quadratic computational complexity and a lack of high-quality long training examples, most LLMs are trained with a limited window size. |
| Approach: | They propose a training-free framework that enables large language models to effectively process long texts using a divide-and-conquer strategy for comprehensive document understanding. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework outperforms open-source and commercial long-context LLMs and is compatible with several models. |
Position Paper: Data-Centric AI in the Age of Large Language Models (2024.findings-emnlp)
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Xinyi Xu, Zhaoxuan Wu, Rui Qiao, Arun Verma, Yao Shu, Jingtan Wang, Xinyuan Niu, Zhenfeng He, Jiangwei Chen, Zijian Zhou, Gregory Kang Ruey Lau, Hieu Dao, Lucas Agussurja, Rachael Hwee Ling Sim, Xiaoqiang Lin, Wenyang Hu, Zhongxiang Dai, Pang Wei Koh, Bryan Kian Hsiang Low
| Challenge: | a paper proposes a data-centric perspective of AI research, focusing on large language models. |
| Approach: | They propose a data-centric viewpoint of AI research, focusing on large language models . they propose four scenarios centered around data, including data curation, attribution, knowledge transfer . |
| Outcome: | The proposed research focuses on large language models with data centric benchmarks . the proposed benchmarks can be used to develop new data curation methods . |