Papers by Yu Pan

75 papers
REST: Stress Testing Large Reasoning Models by Asking Multiple Problems at Once (2026.acl-long)

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Challenge: Recent Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) lack a narrow evaluation paradigm . a single-question evaluation setup suffers from two major limitations .
Approach: They propose a stress-testing framework that exposes LRMs to multiple problems simultaneously.
Outcome: The proposed framework outperforms existing models on reasoning benchmarks and state-of-the-art models.
Connect-the-Dots: Bridging Semantics between Words and Definitions via Aligning Word Sense Inventories (2021.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Existing supervised models struggle to make correct predictions on rare word senses due to limited training data.
Approach: They propose a gloss alignment algorithm that can align definition sentences with the same meaning from different sense inventories to collect rich lexical knowledge.
Outcome: The proposed method outperforms previous methods on both frequent and rare word senses.
Tracing the Roots: A Multi-Agent Framework for Uncovering Data Lineage in Post-Training LLMs (2026.acl-long)

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Challenge: High-quality post-training data is the primary engine driving LLM capabilities . datasets are often treated as isolated artifacts, overlooking their true developmental context .
Approach: They propose a framework to reconstruct the evolutionary graph of dataset development using data lineage.
Outcome: The proposed framework characterizes domain-specific structural patterns in Math-oriented datasets and general-domain corpora.
AGD: Adversarial Game Defense Against Jailbreak Attacks in Large Language Models (2025.acl-long)

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Challenge: Existing defenses, including post-training alignment and prompt engineering, struggle with adaptability to out-of-distribution (OOD) attacks.
Approach: They propose an adversarial game-based defense method that dynamically adjusts LLMs’ internal representations to achieve a balanced trade-off between helpfulness and harmlessness.
Outcome: The proposed method improves LLMs’ safety over all baselines.
Annotations Are Not All You Need: A Cross-modal Knowledge Transfer Network for Unsupervised Temporal Sentence Grounding (2023.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Existing work on temporal sentence grounding rely on expensive video-query paired annotations . despite this, there are no ground-truth annotations in the current work .
Approach: They propose to use paired video-query and segment boundary annotations to generate temporal sentence grounding without training.
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms existing unsupervised methods and beats supervised ones on two challenging datasets.
Multilingual BERT Post-Pretraining Alignment (2021.naacl-main)

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Challenge: Recent work improves on the success of monolingual pretrained language models by adding cross-lingual tasks that always involve English.
Approach: They propose a method to align multilingual contextual embeddings as a post-pretraining step for improved cross-lingual transferability of pretrained language models.
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms XLM-R_Base on translation-train tasks while using less parallel data and fewer parameters.
STARS: A Unified Framework for Singing Transcription, Alignment, and Refined Style Annotation (2025.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Existing automated singing annotation (ASA) methods tackle isolated aspects of the annotation pipeline.
Approach: They propose a framework that addresses transcription, alignment, and refined style annotations.
Outcome: The proposed framework delivers comprehensive multi-level annotations encompassing: (1) precise phoneme-audio alignment, (2) robust note transcription and temporal localization, (3) expressive vocal technique identification, and (4) global stylistic characterization including emotion and pace.
Analytical FFN-to-MoE Restructuring via Activation Pattern Analysis (2026.acl-long)

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Challenge: Large language models (LLMs) are fast but require expensive pre-training . a new approach to scale large language models into MoEs reduces inference costs .
Approach: They propose an analytical post-training framework that rapidly restructures FFNs into sparse MoE architectures using only a small calibration dataset.
Outcome: The proposed framework outperforms existing methods on a small calibration dataset.
SocAoG: Incremental Graph Parsing for Social Relation Inference in Dialogues (2021.acl-long)

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Challenge: Existing studies focus on identifying entities' relations from the semantics of dialogues-they utilize either the attention mechanism or a refined token graph to locate informative words.
Approach: They propose a sequential structure prediction task to incrementally parse SocAoG for dynamic inference upon any incoming utterance.
Outcome: Empirical results show that the proposed model infers social relations more accurately than the state-of-the-art methods.
Fact-and-Reflection (FaR) Improves Confidence Calibration of Large Language Models (2024.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Existing studies on the confidence calibration of LLMs have not explored the effects of different prompting strategies on LLM performance.
Approach: They propose Fact-and-Reflection prompting which improves LLM confidence calibration . they propose to use human cognition to elicit known "facts" and ask model to "reflect" over them .
Outcome: The proposed method lowers the expected calibration error by 23.5% on multi-purpose QA tasks.
ChartVerse: Scaling Chart Reasoning via Reliable Programmatic Synthesis from Scratch (2026.acl-long)

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Challenge: Existing open-source vision language models lack high-quality training data for chart reasoning . current models are simplistic and repetitive, while associated QA pairs are prone to hallucinations .
Approach: They propose a framework to synthesize complex charts and reliable reasoning data from scratch.
Outcome: Experimental results show that ChartVerse-8B surpasses existing models in QA and difficulty . lack of high-quality training data hampers development of open-source models .
Benchmarking Commercial Intent Detection Services with Practice-Driven Evaluations (2021.naacl-industry)

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Challenge: Intent detection models require large amounts of labeled data to achieve high accuracy, and in practical scenarios it is more common to find small, unbalanced, and noisy datasets.
Approach: They benchmark intent detection methods on a variety of datasets and found that Watson Assistant's model outperforms other commercial solutions.
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms pretrained language models on a variety of datasets while requiring only a fraction of computational resources and training data.
DANLI: Deliberative Agent for Following Natural Language Instructions (2022.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Recent work on embodied AI agents that can perform tasks by following human language instructions is limited by reactive methods, which are insufficient for long-horizon complex tasks.
Approach: They propose a neuro-symbolic deliberative agent that, while following language instructions, proactively applies reasoning and planning based on its neural and symbolic representations acquired from past experience.
Outcome: The proposed agent achieves greater than 70% improvement over reactive baselines on the challenging TEACh benchmark.
How do Words Contribute to Sentence Semantics? Revisiting Sentence Embeddings with a Perturbation Method (2023.eacl-main)

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Challenge: Existing studies on sentence representation learning focus on human annotation, but they neglect the critical property that essential contents should contribute to sentence semantics more than non-essential contents when encoding a sentence.
Approach: They propose a perturbation method for unsupervised semantic analysis that uses a sentence compression metric to adapt sentence compression datasets for automatic evaluation.
Outcome: The proposed method can capture the main semantics of sentences better than several SOTA unsupervised sentence embedding models.
C-MORE: Pretraining to Answer Open-Domain Questions by Consulting Millions of References (2022.acl-short)

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Challenge: Existing approaches to pretrain open-domain question answering systems lack task-specific annotations.
Approach: They propose to pretrain a two-stage open-domain question answering system with strong transfer capabilities by using a dictionary and a large-scale corpus.
Outcome: The proposed approach leads to 2%-10% gains in top-20 accuracy and improves with reader.
LEMMA: Learning from Errors for MatheMatical Advancement in LLMs (2025.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Existing approaches focus on improving the quality of correct training data, neglecting the value contained in error data, thereby hindering the model’s reflective ability.
Approach: They propose to improve LLM's reasoning ability by learning from error data and a grounded mistake augmentation method to collect representative errors.
Outcome: The proposed model achieves significant performance improvements over other strong models with less than 90k data.
DART: Open-Domain Structured Data Record to Text Generation (2021.naacl-main)

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Challenge: Data-to-text annotations can be costly when dealing with tables with nontrivial structures.
Approach: They propose a procedure for extracting semantic triples from tables that encodes their structures by exploiting table headers and table title.
Outcome: The proposed method exploits the semantic dependencies between table headers and title to extract semantic triples from tables.
AOT*: Efficient Synthesis Planning via LLM-Empowered AND-OR Tree Search (2026.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Experimental evaluation shows that AOT* achieves competitive solve rates using 3-5 fewer iterations than existing LLM-based approaches.
Approach: They propose a framework that integrates LLM-generated chemical synthesis pathways with systematic AND-OR tree search.
Outcome: Experimental results show that AOT* improves search efficiency and solves faster than existing approaches.
NOVA: An Iterative Planning Framework for Enhancing Scientific Innovation with Large Language Models (2025.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Existing approaches to generate research ideas rely on retrieval or prompt engineering to generate ideas.
Approach: They propose a method that uses iterative planning and search to boost creative potential of LLMs by integrating external knowledge with broader and deeper insights.
Outcome: The proposed method outperforms the current state-of-the-art in generating 2.5 times more top-rated ideas based on 170 seed papers in a Swiss Tournament evaluation.
Alignment for Efficient Tool Calling of Large Language Models (2025.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Recent advances in tool learning have enabled large language models to integrate external tools, enhancing their task performance by expanding their knowledge boundaries.
Approach: They propose a framework that combines probabilistic knowledge boundary estimation with dynamic decision-making to allow LLMs to better assess when to invoke tools based on their confidence.
Outcome: The proposed framework shows significant improvements in tool efficiency by reducing unnecessary tool usage.
TCSinger: Zero-Shot Singing Voice Synthesis with Style Transfer and Multi-Level Style Control (2024.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Existing models fail to generate singing voices rich in stylistic nuances for unseen singers due to multifaceted nature of singing styles.
Approach: They propose a zero-shot SVS model for style transfer across cross-lingual speech and singing styles and multi-level style control.
Outcome: Experimental results show that TCSinger outperforms baseline models in synthesis quality, singer similarity, and style controllability.
WaterSeeker: Pioneering Efficient Detection of Watermarked Segments in Large Documents (2025.findings-naacl)

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Challenge: Existing methods focus on distinguishing fully watermarked text from non-watermarked text, overlooking real-world scenarios where LLMs generate only brief segments within longer documents.
Approach: They propose a method to detect watermarked segments in large documents using an anomaly extraction method and a local traversal.
Outcome: The proposed method achieves a superior balance between detection accuracy and computational efficiency.
A Lifelong Multilingual Multi-granularity Semantic Alignment Approach via Maximum Co-occurrence Probability (2024.lrec-main)

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Challenge: Existing methods to mask and predict tokens in multilingual text limit multilingual interaction .
Approach: They propose a lifelong multilingual multi-granularity semantic alignment approach which continuously extracts massive aligned linguistic units from noisy data via a maximum co-occurrence probability algorithm.
Outcome: The proposed approach improves translation performance on WMT14 18 benchmarks in twelve directions.
RESIN: A Dockerized Schema-Guided Cross-document Cross-lingual Cross-media Information Extraction and Event Tracking System (2021.naacl-demos)

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Challenge: We present a new information extraction system that can construct temporal event graphs from news documents.
Approach: They propose a temporal event graph extraction system that can extract news documents . they extend the system from sentence-level event extraction to cross-document cross-media event extraction .
Outcome: The proposed system can extract temporal event graphs from news documents in multiple languages and multiple data modalities.
Towards Provably Secure Generative AI: Reliable Consensus Sampling (2026.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Existing research on generative AI security is driven by mutually reinforcing attack and defense methodologies grounded in empirical experience.
Approach: They propose a new algorithm that uses a random sampling algorithm to control risk.
Outcome: The proposed algorithm improves robustness and utility while maintaining latency comparable to existing algorithms.
CausalEval: Towards Better Causal Reasoning in Language Models (2025.naacl-long)

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Challenge: Large language models (LLMs) have been used for a variety of tasks, including problem-solving, decision-making, and understanding of the world.
Approach: They propose a review of existing methods aimed at enhancing LMs for causal reasoning . they categorize existing methods as reasoning engines or as helpers providing knowledge or data to traditional methods .
Outcome: The proposed methods perform better than existing methods on a range of tasks.
Pruning Weights but Not Truth: Safeguarding Truthfulness While Pruning LLMs (2025.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Neural network pruning disrupts LLMs’ internal activation features crucial for lie detection . layer-wise pruning sparsity inadvertently removes crucial weights, failing to improve lie detection performance despite its reliance on the most crucial LLM layer.
Approach: They propose a pruning approach that places greater emphasis on layers with more activation outliers and stronger discriminative features simultaneously.
Outcome: The proposed approach improves the hallucination detection for pruned LLMs (achieving 88% accuracy at 50% sparsity) and enhances their performance on TruthfulQA.
Adversarial Category Alignment Network for Cross-domain Sentiment Classification (N19-1)

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Challenge: Existing methods for cross-domain sentiment classification focus on aligning marginal distribution without taking category-specific decision boundaries into consideration.
Approach: They propose an adversarial category alignment network to enhance category consistency . experimental results show the proposed method can achieve state-of-the-art performance .
Outcome: The proposed method achieves state-of-the-art performance and produces more discriminative features on benchmark datasets.
OpenFact: Factuality Enhanced Open Knowledge Extraction (2023.tacl-1)

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Challenge: Existing OIE systems organize knowledge into subject-relation-object (SRO) triplets, and they use templates to extract such knowledge triplet.
Approach: They propose a framework to handle expressiveness and groundedness in OpenFact . they propose to use templates, extra constraints, and adopt human efforts to ensure that most triplets contain enough details.
Outcome: The proposed framework improves expressiveness and groundedness of OpenFact . it is more accurate and denser than OPIEC-Linked, which is grounded to Wikidata .
BLADE: Benchmarking Language Model Agents for Data-Driven Science (2024.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Language model-based agents can be used to conduct and support data-driven science, but evaluating them on open-ended tasks is challenging due to multiple valid approaches, partially correct steps, and different ways to express the same decisions.
Approach: They propose a benchmark to automatically evaluate agents’ multifaceted approaches to open-ended research questions.
Outcome: BLADE evaluates agents’ multifaceted approaches to open-ended research questions using data from 12 datasets and research questions drawn from existing scientific literature.
From Language Modeling to Instruction Following: Understanding the Behavior Shift in LLMs after Instruction Tuning (2024.naacl-long)

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Challenge: Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success in aligning with user intentions.
Approach: They develop local and global explanation methods and a feed-forward-based method for input-output attribution to investigate the impact of instruction tuning on user intentions.
Outcome: The proposed method compares explanations from pre-trained and instruction-tuned models . it empowers LLMs to recognize the instruction parts of user prompts, it encourages response generation .
Table-R1: Region-based Reinforcement Learning for Table Understanding (2026.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Tables are a widely used data format that poses unique challenges for language models due to their structured row-column interactions.
Approach: They propose a region-based reinforcement learning approach that integrates region evidence into reasoning steps.
Outcome: The proposed method outperforms baseline models on three benchmark datasets and significantly reduces the reasoning token consumption by 67.5%.
Comprehensive Benchmarking of Long-Form Speech Generation in Diverse Scenarios (2026.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Existing evaluation benchmarks for long-form speech are limited to limited domains, creating a significant gap with the diverse downstream applications.
Approach: They propose a benchmark that decomposes "long-form speech quality" into specific, disentangled dimensions.
Outcome: The proposed benchmark decomposes “long-form speech quality” into specific, disentangled dimensions.
FAEDKV: Infinite-Window Fourier Transform for Unbiased KV Cache Compression (2025.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Current compression strategies, including token eviction and learned projections, often lead to biased representations and may require costly model retraining.
Approach: They propose a training-free KV cache compression framework that equalizes the contribution of all tokens to the compressed representation.
Outcome: The proposed framework ensures unbiased information retention in the KV cache.
Zemi: Learning Zero-Shot Semi-Parametric Language Models from Multiple Tasks (2023.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Existing semi-parametric language models lack the capacity to perform zero-shot tasks . large language models have shown impressive zero-shoot ability, but huge model size costs . semi-parametric language model can be used to augment a smaller language model with retrieved background knowledge .
Approach: They propose a semi-parametric language model for zero-shot task generalization that augments a smaller language model with retrieved related background knowledge.
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms T0-3B by 16% across seven diverse evaluation tasks while being 3.8x smaller in scale.
Can LLM Watermarks Robustly Prevent Unauthorized Knowledge Distillation? (2025.acl-long)

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Challenge: Large Language Model (LLM) watermarking is radioactive and enables the detection of watermarks inherited by student models when trained on the outputs of watermarked teacher models.
Approach: They propose two types of watermark removal attacks that allow student models to perform untraceable knowledge distillation while avoiding watermark inheritance.
Outcome: The proposed attacks eliminate inherited watermarks while maintaining knowledge transfer efficiency and low computational overhead.
VortexPIA: Indirect Prompt Injection Attack against LLMs for Efficient Extraction of User Privacy (2026.findings-eacl)

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Challenge: Large language models (LLMs) have been widely deployed in Conversational AIs . however, the methods proposed in the study rely on a white-box setting .
Approach: They propose an indirect prompt injection attack that induces privacy extraction in LLMs . they use token-efficient data containing false memories to inject LLM data .
Outcome: The proposed method outperforms baselines and achieves state-of-the-art performance.
Improving Question Answering with External Knowledge (D19-58)

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Challenge: ARC-Easy, ARC Challenge, and OpenBookQA use Wikipedia to augment training data . performance degrades when additional instances exhibit higher difficulty than original training data.
Approach: They propose two methods for exploiting external knowledge for QA in science . they enrich the original corpus with relevant text snippets from an open-domain resource . the second method simply increases the amount of training data by appending additional in-domain instances.
Outcome: The proposed methods achieve gains in accuracy of 8.1%, 13.0%, and 12.8% on science QA tasks.
OASum: Large-Scale Open Domain Aspect-based Summarization (2023.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Existing generic summarization methods generate only one summary for all different requests which is not optimal for diverse demands.
Approach: They use crowd-sourced knowledge on Wikipedia to create a large-scale open-domain aspect-based summarization dataset with 1 million different aspects on 2 million Wikipedia pages.
Outcome: The proposed model can generate diverse aspect-based summarizations on Wikipedia with zero/few-shot and fine-tuning on seven downstream datasets.
DivScene: Towards Open-Vocabulary Object Navigation with Large Vision Language Models in Diverse Scenes (2025.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have achieved significant progress in tasks like visual question answering and document understanding.
Approach: They introduce DivScene, a large-scale dataset with 4,614 houses across 81 scene types and 5,707 kinds of target objects.
Outcome: The proposed dataset provides a much greater diversity of target objects and scene types than existing datasets, enabling a comprehensive task evaluation.
Instances and Labels: Hierarchy-aware Joint Supervised Contrastive Learning for Hierarchical Multi-Label Text Classification (2023.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Existing approaches to hierarchical multi-label text classification (HMTC) ignore the correlation between similar samples and introduce noise .
Approach: They propose a semi-supervised method that uses a label hierarchy to bring text and label embeddings closer to each other by supervised contrastive learning.
Outcome: The proposed method bridges the gap between supervised contrastive learning and HMTC by bringing text and label embeddings closer.
Living in the Moment: Can Large Language Models Grasp Co-Temporal Reasoning? (2024.acl-long)

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Challenge: Current temporal reasoning datasets are limited to questions about single or isolated events, falling short in mirroring the realistic temporal characteristics involving concurrent nature and intricate temporal interconnections.
Approach: They propose a co-temporal Question Answering benchmark that contains four co-time scenarios with 4,748 samples for evaluating the co-timing abilities of large language models.
Outcome: The proposed benchmarks show that current LLMs struggle on CoTempQA tasks even when enhanced with Chain of Thought methodologies.
When Truthful Representations Flip Under Deceptive Instructions? (2025.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Large language models (LLMs) follow maliciously crafted instructions to generate deceptive responses, posing safety challenges.
Approach: They use Sparse Autoencoders to analyze LLM's internal representations to determine when and how they "flip" from truthful to deceptive under deceptively crafted instructions.
Outcome: The proposed model's True/False output is predictable across all conditions based on the model''s representation, and the Deceptive instructions induce significant representational shifts compared to Truthful/Neutral representations.
End-to-end Task-oriented Dialogue: A Survey of Tasks, Methods, and Future Directions (2023.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: End-to-end task-oriented dialogue (EToD) can generate responses in an end-to end fashion without modular training, which attracts escalating popularity.
Approach: They present a systematic review of EToD and propose a unified perspective to summarize existing approaches and recent trends.
Outcome: The proposed approaches can generate responses in an end-to-end fashion without modular training, which attracts escalating popularity.
Beyond Timestamps: Bridging Forward and Backward Reasoning in Temporal Numerical and Relational Understanding (2026.acl-long)

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Challenge: Existing benchmarks for Temporal Numerical and Relational reasoning rely on single-task evaluation paradigms.
Approach: They propose a benchmark to evaluate Temporal Numerical and Relational reasoning . they propose QA and verification, and a Consistency Rate to quantify robustness .
Outcome: The proposed framework evaluates both Temporal Numerical and Relational reasoning . it measures the alignment between QA and FV and the Consistency Rate measures robustness across these directions.
Explainable and Fine-Grained Safeguarding of LLM Multi-Agent Systems via Bi-Level Graph Anomaly Detection (2026.acl-long)

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Challenge: Existing graph anomaly detection methods rely on coarse sentence-level information and overlook fine-grained lexical cues, limiting their reliability and real-world applicability.
Approach: They propose an explainable and fine-grained safeguarding framework for detecting malicious agents in multi-agent systems (MAS) to incorporate both coarse and fine lexical information for anomalous agent identification.
Outcome: Extensive experiments across diverse MAS topologies and attack scenarios demonstrate robust detection performance and strong interpretability of XG-Guard.
A Survey of Deep Learning for Mathematical Reasoning (2023.acl-long)

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Challenge: a survey of deep learning for mathematical reasoning examines the field . a comprehensive reading list is provided to assist readers interested in the field.
Approach: They present a survey of deep learning for mathematical reasoning over the past decade . they outline directions for future research and highlight potential for further exploration .
Outcome: The proposed framework is based on the results of a decade-long survey of deep learning for mathematical reasoning.
Versatile Framework for Song Generation with Prompt-based Control (2025.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Existing methods for song generation fail to generate vocals with prompt-based control and proper alignment.
Approach: VersBand is a multi-task song generation framework for synthesizing high-quality songs with prompt-based control.
Outcome: Experimental results show that VersBand performs better than baseline models across multiple song generation tasks.
MathFusion: Enhancing Mathematical Problem-solving of LLM through Instruction Fusion (2025.acl-long)

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Challenge: Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown impressive progress in mathematical problem-solving . current approaches to enhance mathematical reasoning focus on instance-level modifications .
Approach: They propose a framework that enhances mathematical reasoning through cross-problem instruction synthesis.
Outcome: The proposed framework boosts mathematical reasoning by 18.0 points while maintaining high data efficiency.
TCSinger 2: Customizable Multilingual Zero-shot Singing Voice Synthesis (2025.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Existing zero-shot singing voice synthesis models depend on phoneme and note boundary annotations, limiting their robustness and producing poor transitions between phonemes and notes.
Approach: They propose a multi-task multilingual zero-shot SVS model with style transfer and style control based on various prompts.
Outcome: Experimental results show that TCSinger 2 outperforms baseline models in subjective and objective metrics across multiple related tasks.
MarkLLM: An Open-Source Toolkit for LLM Watermarking (2024.emnlp-demo)

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Challenge: Large Language Models (LLMs) embed imperceptible yet algorithmically detectable signals in outputs to identify LLM-generated text.
Approach: They propose to develop an open-source toolkit for LLM watermarking that embeds imperceptible yet algorithmically detectable signals in model outputs to identify LLM-generated text.
Outcome: MarkLLM provides a unified framework for implementing LLM watermarking algorithms, while providing user-friendly interfaces to ensure ease of access.
COIG-P: A High-Quality and Large-Scale Chinese Preference Dataset for Alignment with Human Values (2026.findings-eacl)

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Challenge: Existing Chinese preference datasets suffer from limited scale, restricted domain coverage, and insufficiently rigorous data validation.
Approach: They propose an LLM-based data annotation pipeline with no human intervention to annotate Chinese preference datasets.
Outcome: The proposed pipeline outperforms existing Chinese preference datasets on AlignBench and Chinese Reward Benchmark.
MinT: Boosting Generalization in Mathematical Reasoning via Multi-view Fine-tuning (2024.lrec-main)

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Challenge: Existing methods focus on specializing LMs in mathematical reasoning and rely on knowledge distillation.
Approach: They propose a multi-view fine-tuning method that exploits existing mathematical problem datasets with diverse annotation styles.
Outcome: The proposed method outperforms existing methods that rely heavily on LLM teachers . it grants models generalization ability across views and datasets, and the capability to learn from inaccurate or incomplete data.
ALinFiK: Learning to Approximate Linearized Future Influence Kernel for Scalable Third-Parity LLM Data Valuation (2025.naacl-long)

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Challenge: Large Language Models (LLMs) heavily rely on high-quality training data, making data valuation crucial for optimizing model performance.
Approach: They propose a third-party data valuation approach that assesses the value of individual data samples and proposes a learning strategy to approximate LinFiK.
Outcome: The proposed approach surpasses baselines in effectiveness and efficiency, showing significant scalability advantages as LLM parameters increase.
Protein Large Language Models: A Comprehensive Survey (2025.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Existing studies focus on specific aspects or applications, but this study provides a comprehensive overview of Protein-specific large language models.
Approach: This paper proposes a structured taxonomy of state-of-the-art ProteinLLMs . they analyze how they leverage large-scale protein sequence data for improved accuracy .
Outcome: The proposed model covers their architectures, training datasets, evaluation metrics, and diverse applications.
PersonaAgent: Bridging Memory and Action for Personalized LLM Agents (2026.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Existing Large Language Model (LLM) enabled agents lack flexibility to respond to users’ varying needs and preferences.
Approach: They propose a test-time user-preference alignment strategy that optimizes the persona prompt, ensuring real-time preference alignment through textual loss feedback between simulated and ground-truth responses.
Outcome: The proposed framework outperforms baseline methods in real-time and in real applications.
Rethinking the Video Sampling and Reasoning Strategies for Temporal Sentence Grounding (2022.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Existing methods for temporal sentence grounding ignore two crucial issues . 1) Boundary-bias: the video downsampling process may lose these two frames . 2) Reasoning-biases: such incorrect new boundary frames lead to the reasoning bias .
Approach: They propose a siamese sampling mechanism to generate additional contextual frames . they use a reasoning strategy to learn the inter-relationship among these frames a .
Outcome: Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of a new siamese sampling network on three challenging datasets.
Towards Robust Temporal Activity Localization Learning with Noisy Labels (2024.lrec-main)

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Challenge: Existing methods for temporal activity localization are expensive and difficult to satisfy due to subjective labeling.
Approach: They propose a new TAL setting where a TAL model should be robust to mixed training data with noisy moment boundaries.
Outcome: The proposed method is significantly more robust to noisy training data than existing methods.
S2ST-Omni: Hierarchical Language-Aware SpeechLLM Adaptation for Multilingual Speech-to-Speech Translation (2026.findings-acl)

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Challenge: S2ST-Omni integrates a speech-to-text frontend with a modular, plug-and-play text-tospeech backend.
Approach: They propose a compositional S2ST framework that integrates a speech-to-text frontend with a modular, plug-and-play text-tospeech backend.
Outcome: The proposed framework outperforms existing frameworks in translation and synthesis . it integrates a speech-to-text translation frontend with a plug-and-play text-tospeech backend .
Skills-in-Context: Unlocking Compositionality in Large Language Models (2024.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: eliciting compositional generalization capabilities in large language models is challenging for advanced LLMs because they lack foundational skills and compositional examples in the same prompt context.
Approach: They propose to use compositional generalization capabilities in large language models to elicit compositional skills in a prompt context.
Outcome: The proposed structure enables LLMs to tackle more challenging problems with as few as two exemplars and unlocks their latent potential.
RuleArena: A Benchmark for Rule-Guided Reasoning with LLMs in Real-World Scenarios (2025.acl-long)

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Challenge: RuleArena assesses the ability of large language models (LLMs) to follow complex, real-world rules in reasoning.
Approach: They propose a benchmark to evaluate the ability of large language models (LLMs) to follow complex, real-world rules in reasoning.
Outcome: The proposed benchmark covers airline baggage fees, NBA transactions, and tax regulations.
Multi-Modal Generative Adversarial Network for Short Product Title Generation in Mobile E-Commerce (N19-2)

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Challenge: Existing methods for short product title generation only consider textual information from long titles . MM-GAN incorporates image information and attribute tags from product, as well as textual info from original long titles.
Approach: They propose a multi-modal generative adversarial network for short product title generation in E-commerce . they incorporate image information and attribute tags from product, as well as textual information from original long titles .
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms state-of-the-art methods on a large-scale E-commerce dataset.
T2R-BENCH: A Benchmark for Real World Table-to-Report Task (2025.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Existing table benchmarks lack the capacity to adequately assess the practical application of table reasoning in industrial applications.
Approach: They propose a bilingual table-to-report task and a table-based benchmark to assess the quality of table reasoning.
Outcome: The proposed task is based on a bilingual benchmark with 457 industrial tables and evaluation criteria to measure the quality of report generation.
Takin-VC: Expressive Zero-Shot Voice Conversion via Adaptive Hybrid Content Encoding and Enhanced Timbre Modeling (2025.acl-long)

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Challenge: Expressive zero-shot voice conversion (VC) aims to modify source timbre to match unseen speaker . existing zero- shot VC systems struggle to reproduce paralinguistic information in highly expressive speech .
Approach: They propose a framework for expressive zero-shot voice conversion that uses hybrid content encoding and memory-augmented context-aware timbre modeling.
Outcome: The proposed framework surpasses state-of-the-art VC systems in speech naturalness, speaker similarity, and speaker similarness.
MetaLadder: Ascending Mathematical Solution Quality via Analogical-Problem Reasoning Transfer (2025.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Current paradigms generate CoT and answers directly for a given problem, diverging from human problem-solving strategies to some extent.
Approach: They propose a framework that explicitly prompts LLMs to recall and reflect on meta-problems alongside their CoT solutions before addressing the target problem.
Outcome: The proposed framework outperforms standard CoT-based methods on mathematical benchmarks and significantly improves their reasoning accuracy.
COSMIC: Generalized Refusal Direction Identification in LLM Activations (2025.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Existing methods depend on predefined refusal templates detectable in output tokens or manual review.
Approach: They propose a framework that optimally identifies steering directions and target layers using cosine similarity, entirely independent of output text.
Outcome: The proposed framework achieves comparable steering effectiveness without any prior knowledge or assumptions of a model’s refusal behavior such as the use of certain refusal tokens.
Multi-Granularity Fusion Text Semantic Matching Based on WoBERT (2024.lrec-main)

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Challenge: Existing text-matching methods struggle with semantic nuances in short texts . a novel approach to improve text semantic matching is being developed .
Approach: They propose a multi-granularity fusion model that harnesses a pre-trained language model to capture text semantic nuances.
Outcome: The proposed model improves on Chinese short text matching datasets compared to traditional methods . the proposed model captures individual text semantic nuances and improves accuracy .
Anchoring the Cache: Mitigating Contextual Hallucination in KV-Compressed Long-Context Summarization (2026.acl-long)

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Challenge: Recent studies show that KV cache compression can increase hallucination scores in LLMs . modern LLM models support extremely long sequences, but their impact on model hallucinosity remains underexplored.
Approach: They propose a decoding-phase strategy that selectively removes generated KV pairs from retrieval heads responsible for retrieving critical information from source context.
Outcome: The proposed method reduces hallucination across multiple models and datasets while preserving computational efficiency.
PIVOINE: Instruction Tuning for Open-world Entity Profiling (2023.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Existing methods for information extraction focus on a closed-world setting, but PIVOINE is a promising solution to tackle the open-world problem of entity profiling.
Approach: They propose to develop an LLM that performs Open-world Entity Profiling with instruction tuning to extract desirable entity profiles . they construct INSTRUCTOPENWIKI, a substantial instruction-tuning dataset for Open-World Entity Profiles .
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms existing methods and ChatGPT-based baselines on unseen and out-of-ontology cases.
Abstraction-of-Thought Makes Language Models Better Reasoners (2024.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Abstract reasoning is a key to generalization in human reasoning, but eliciting language models to perform reasoning with abstraction remains unexplored.
Approach: They propose a new structured reasoning format called Abstraction-of-Thought (AoT) this approach elicits language models to first contemplate on the abstract level before incorporating concrete details .
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms the prevailing Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning on 23 unseen tasks.
Chain-of-Note: Enhancing Robustness in Retrieval-Augmented Language Models (2024.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Standard RALMs often neglect their intrinsic knowledge due to the interference from retrieved information.
Approach: They propose a new approach to improve robustness of RALMs by generating sequential reading notes for each retrieved document.
Outcome: The proposed approach outperforms standard RALMs on four open-domain QA benchmarks.
Enhancing Large Language Model for Knowledge Graph Completion via Structure-Aware Alignment-Tuning (2025.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Existing knowledge graph completion methods ignore inconsistent representation spaces between natural language and graph structures, leading to duplicate works and time-consuming processes.
Approach: They propose a framework that enhances LLMs for KGC via structure-aware alignment-tuning to align graph embeddings with the natural language space through multi-task contrastive learning.
Outcome: The proposed framework outperforms state-of-the-art methods on two KGC tasks across four benchmark datasets.
ERNIE-Layout: Layout Knowledge Enhanced Pre-training for Visually-rich Document Understanding (2022.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Existing methods for visually rich document understanding lack layout-centered knowledge . experimental results show that ERNIE-Layout improves layout awareness .
Approach: They propose a document pre-training solution with layout knowledge enhancement in the whole workflow to learn better representations that combine the features from text, layout, and image.
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms existing models on key downstream tasks.
Quantized but Deceptive? A Multi-Dimensional Truthfulness Evaluation of Quantized LLMs (2025.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Quantization enables efficient deployment of large language models in resource-constrained environments . but impact on truthfulness remains largely unexplored .
Approach: They propose a framework to assess the truthfulness of quantized large language models . they find quantized models retain internally truthful representations but produce false outputs .
Outcome: The framework assesses the truthfulness of quantized models across three dimensions . it finds that quantized model models retain internally truthful representations but are more susceptible to false outputs .
Enhancing Open-Domain Task-Solving Capability of LLMs via Autonomous Tool Integration from GitHub (2025.acl-long)

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Challenge: Existing approaches lack flexibility to address diverse and ever-evolving user queries in open domains.
Approach: They propose to evaluate LLMs on open-domain knowledge that requires tools to solve diverse and ever-evolving user queries.
Outcome: The proposed system outperforms baselines in the open domain task-solving benchmark.

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