Papers by Jiacheng Xu
ASPECTNEWS: Aspect-Oriented Summarization of News Documents (2022.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods for generating generic summarizations can't be used to generalize to these domains without seeing in-domain training data. |
| Approach: | They use a dataset of real-world aspect-oriented summaries to annotate articles from two different news sub-domains. |
| Outcome: | The proposed approach produces better focused summaries than existing systems without seeing in-domain training data. |
Keyphrase Generation with Fine-Grained Evaluation-Guided Reinforcement Learning (2021.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | Existing KG evaluation metrics are only aware of the exact correctness of predictions on phrase-level and ignore semantic similarities between similar predictions and targets, which inhibits the model from learning deep linguistic patterns. |
| Approach: | They propose a fine-grained evaluation metric to improve the previous KG framework . the evaluation metrics are only aware of the exact correctness of predictions on phrase-level . |
| Outcome: | The proposed method outperforms the existing frameworks among all evaluation scores. |
Compressive Summarization with Plausibility and Salience Modeling (2020.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | a new method to learn which compressions to apply is based on syntactic rules for deleting spans . plausibility and salience are the two main criteria for determining which compression to apply . a recent study shows that the plausability model generally selects for grammatical and factual deletions compared to extractive methods . |
| Approach: | They propose to leave the decision about what to delete to two data-driven criteria . they show that plausibility and salience are the most important criteria if a span is deleted . |
| Outcome: | The proposed method achieves strong in-domain results on benchmark datasets and human evaluation shows that plausibility model generally selects for grammatical and factual deletions. |
Training Dynamics for Text Summarization Models (2022.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Pre-trained language models have shown impressive results when fine-tuned on large summarization datasets. |
| Approach: | They analyze the training dynamics for generation models, focusing on summarization . they find that a propensity to copy the input is learned early in the training process . |
| Outcome: | The proposed model learns at different stages of fine-tuning, the authors show . they show that factual errors are learnt in later stages, but not at high-loss tokens . |
TritonBench: Benchmarking Large Language Model Capabilities for Generating Triton Operators (2025.findings-acl)
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Jianling Li, ShangZhan Li, Zhenye Gao, Qi Shi, Yuxuan Li, Zefan Wang, Jiacheng Huang, WangHaojie WangHaojie, Jianrong Wang, Xu Han, Zhiyuan Liu, Maosong Sun
| Challenge: | Triton is a high-level Python-like programming language for building efficient GPU kernels. |
| Approach: | They propose a TritonBench benchmark that provides a comprehensive evaluation of Tritonic operators on widely deployed GPUs. |
| Outcome: | The proposed benchmarks show that current LLMs struggle to generate efficient Triton operators on widely deployed GPUs aligned with industry applications. |
s3: You Don’t Need That Much Data to Train a Search Agent via RL (2025.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Existing approaches to optimize retrieval using search-only metrics ignore downstream utility and fine-tune entire LLM to jointly reason and retrieve limit retrieval utility and compatibility with frozen or proprietary models. |
| Approach: | They propose a lightweight, model-agnostic framework that decouples the searcher from the generator and trains the search user using a Gain Beyond RAG reward. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework outperforms baselines trained on over 70 more data with 2.4k training samples. |
Discourse-Aware Neural Extractive Text Summarization (2020.acl-main)
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| Challenge: | Recent studies have shown that sentence-based extractive models result in redundant or uninformative phrases in the extracted summaries. |
| Approach: | They propose a discourse-aware neural summarization model that extracts sub-sentential discourse units as candidates for extractive selection on a finer granularity. |
| Outcome: | Experiments show that the proposed model outperforms state-of-the-art models on popular summarization benchmarks. |
Best-k Search Algorithm for Neural Text Generation (2023.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Modern natural language generation paradigms require a decoding strategy to obtain quality sequences out of the model. |
| Approach: | They propose a deterministic search algorithm balancing quality and diversity . they investigate the vanilla best-first search algorithm and propose k-k search algorithm. |
| Outcome: | The proposed algorithm is parameter-free, lightweight, efficient, and easy-to-use. |
Dissecting Generation Modes for Abstractive Summarization Models via Ablation and Attribution (2021.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Abstractive summarization models have made great strides in recent years, but little is known about how they actually form summaries and how to understand where their decisions come from. |
| Approach: | They propose a two-step method to interpret summarization model decisions by categorizing each decoder decision into one of several generation modes. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method can identify phrases the summarization model has memorized and determine where in the training pipeline this memorization happened, and study complex generation phenomena on a per-instance basis. |
Understanding Factual Errors in Summarization: Errors, Summarizers, Datasets, Error Detectors (2023.acl-long)
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Liyan Tang, Tanya Goyal, Alex Fabbri, Philippe Laban, Jiacheng Xu, Semih Yavuz, Wojciech Kryscinski, Justin Rousseau, Greg Durrett
| Challenge: | Abstractive summarization systems still include factual errors in generated summaries despite recent improvements in factuality detection . |
| Approach: | They aggregate factuality error annotations from nine existing datasets and stratify them according to the underlying summarization model. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method improves on the ChatGPT-based model and shows that it is not superior for all error types. |
Infini-gram mini: Exact n-gram Search at the Internet Scale with FM-Index (2025.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Modern language models are trained on text data downsampled from massive text corpora like Common Crawl. |
| Approach: | They propose an efficient and scalable system that can make petabyte-level text corpora searchable by using the FM-index data structure. |
| Outcome: | The proposed system indexes 83TB of Internet text in 99 days with a single 128-core CPU node (or 19 hours if using 137 such nodes). |
Bit-by-Bit: Progressive QAT Strategy with Outlier Channel Splitting for Stable Low-Bit LLMs (2026.acl-long)
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Binxing Xu, Hao Gu, Lujun Li, Hao Wang, Bei Liu, Jiacheng Liu, Qiyuan Zhu, Xintong Yang, Chao Li, Sirui Han, Yike Guo
| Challenge: | Existing approaches to training LLMs at ultra-low precisions suffer from convergence instability and substantial training costs. |
| Approach: | They propose a progressive QAT framework with outlier channel splitting to address these issues . they use nested structure of integer quantization grids to enable a "train once, deploy any precision" paradigm . |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework outperforms baselines on both Llama2/3 and W2A16, with an 11 speedup over BF16. |
SCCS: Semantics-Consistent Cross-domain Summarization via Optimal Transport Alignment (2023.findings-acl)
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Jielin Qiu, Jiacheng Zhu, Mengdi Xu, Franck Dernoncourt, Trung Bui, Zhaowen Wang, Bo Li, Ding Zhao, Hailin Jin
| Challenge: | Existing methods for multimodal summarization ignore the structure and semantics of the whole video and article. |
| Approach: | They propose a semantic-consistent cross-domain summarization model that extracts features from video and article and uses fusion methods to select representative one. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model produces high-quality multimodal summaries on three MSMO datasets. |
Understanding the Language Model to Solve the Symbolic Multi-Step Reasoning Problem from the Perspective of Buffer Mechanism (2025.findings-emnlp)
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Zhiwei Wang, Yunji Wang, Zhongwang Zhang, Zhangchen Zhou, Hui Jin, Tianyang Hu, Jiacheng Sun, Zhenguo Li, Yaoyu Zhang, Zhi-Qin John Xu
| Challenge: | Large language models struggle with complex reasoning tasks, such as mathematical problem-solving. |
| Approach: | They constructed a symbolic multi-step reasoning task to investigate the information propagation mechanisms in Transformer models when solving the task through direct answering and Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning. |
| Outcome: | The proposed algorithm improves on 7 multi-step reasoning datasets, while introducing only 132 trainable parameters. |
Massive-scale Decoding for Text Generation using Lattices (2022.naacl-main)
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| Challenge: | Conditional neural text generation models generate high-quality outputs, but often focus on a mode when what we really want is a diverse set of options. |
| Approach: | They propose a search algorithm to construct lattices encoding a massive number of generation options. |
| Outcome: | The proposed algorithm encodes thousands of diverse options that remain grammatical and high-quality into one lattice. |
Neural Extractive Text Summarization with Syntactic Compression (D19-1)
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| Challenge: | Recent approaches to summarization are either selection-based extraction or generation-based abstraction. |
| Approach: | They propose a neural model for single-document summarization based on joint extraction and syntactic compression. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms an off-the-shelf compression module and its output generally remains grammatical. |
Beyond Benchmarks: A Capability-Based Maturity Model for Systematic AI Integration in Hospitals (2026.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Current Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in standardized tests focused on medical knowledge recall, but not in real-world healthcare scenarios. |
| Approach: | They propose a "capability-based hospital AI Maturity Model" framework that categorizes capabilities into distinct maturity levels . medical artificial intelligence is currently at a critical transition stage from technical verification to deep clinical integration . |
| Outcome: | The proposed model provides a clear, stepwise evolutionary path for hospitals from foundational infrastructure construction to ubiquitous intelligence. |
QaRL: Rollout-Aligned Quantization-Aware RL for Fast and Stable Training under Training–Inference Mismatch (2026.findings-acl)
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Hao Gu, Hao Wang, Jiacheng Liu, Lujun Li, Qiyuan Zhu, Bei Liu, Binxing Xu, Lei Wang, Xintong Yang, Sida Lin, Sirui Han, Yike Guo
| Challenge: | Recent work has shown that reinforcement learning with simple rule-based reward functions (RLVR) can induce emergent reasoning behaviors and yield gains in challenging domains such as math problem solving. |
| Approach: | They propose a rollout-alignment-quantization-aware RL which aligns training-side forward with the quantized rollout to minimize mismatch. |
| Outcome: | The proposed approach outperforms quantized-rollout training by +5.5 on Qwen3-30B-A3B MoE for math problems while maintaining low-bit throughput. |
Spherical Latent Spaces for Stable Variational Autoencoders (D18-1)
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| Challenge: | Variational autoencoders use a multivariate Gaussian latent variable to capture latent structure in data. |
| Approach: | They propose a variational autoencoder which uses a latent distribution instead of Gaussian . they find that the variational posterior averts the KL collapse by a fixed hyperparameter . |
| Outcome: | The von Mises-Fisher distribution averts the KL collapse and gives better likelihoods than Gaussian models across a range of modeling conditions. |
ZeroGen: Efficient Zero-shot Learning via Dataset Generation (2022.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Existing approaches to generate training data with pre-trained language models have been found effective in various scenarios. |
| Approach: | They propose an unsupervised zero-shot learning method that generates a dataset from scratch and trains a tiny task model under supervision of the synthesized dataset. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method is annotated-free and efficient, but can provide useful insights from the perspective of data-free model-agnostic knowledge distillation and unreferenced text generation evaluation. |
HVGuard: Utilizing Multimodal Large Language Models for Hateful Video Detection (2025.emnlp-main)
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Yiheng Jing, Mingming Zhang, Yong Zhuang, Jiacheng Guo, Juan Wang, Xiaoyang Xu, Wenzhe Yi, Keyan Guo, Hongxin Hu
| Challenge: | Existing methods for hateful video detection rely on unimodal analysis or feature fusion . Existing tools struggle to capture cross-modal interactions and reason through implicit hate in sarcasm and metaphor . |
| Approach: | They propose a reasoning-based hateful video detection framework with multimodal large language models . they integrate Chain-of-Thought reasoning to enhance multimodal interaction modeling . |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework outperforms existing tools on two public datasets covering English and Chinese. |
Disfl-QA: A Benchmark Dataset for Understanding Disfluencies in Question Answering (2021.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Disfluencies are an under-studied topic in NLP, even though it is ubiquitous in human conversation. |
| Approach: | They propose a challenge question answering dataset where humans introduce contextual disfluencies in previously fluent questions. |
| Outcome: | The proposed dataset shows that existing models degrade significantly when tested on DISFL-QA in a zero-shot setting. |
Improving the Transformer Translation Model with Document-Level Context (D18-1)
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| Challenge: | Existing models for document-level context translation ignore documentlevel context. |
| Approach: | They propose a document-level context encoder to represent document- level context and integrate it into the Transformer model. |
| Outcome: | Experiments on NIST Chinese-English and IWSLT French-English datasets show that the proposed translation model outperforms the Transformer model significantly. |
Decoding Scientific Experimental Images: The SPUR Benchmark for Perception, Understanding, and Reasoning (2026.acl-long)
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Junpeng Ding, Zichen Tang, Haihong E, Mengyuan Ji, Yang Liu, Haolin Tian, Haiyang Sun, Pengqi Sun, Yang Xu, Yichen Liu, Haocheng Gao, Zijie Xi, Ruomeng Jiang, Peizhi Zhao, Rongjin Li, Yuanze Li, Jiacheng Liu, Zhongjun Yang, Jintong Chen, Siying Lin
| Challenge: | Xu and Peng, 2025) . . SPUR is a comprehensive benchmark for scientific experimental image perception, understanding, and reasoning, comprising 4,264 question-answering (QA) pairs derived from 1,084 expert-curated images. |
| Approach: | They propose to use 4,264 question-answering (QA) pairs derived from 1,084 expert-curated images to evaluate the visual perception of multimodal large language models (MLLMs) . they also propose to utilize cross-panel relation understanding to evaluate MLLM’s ability to decipher intricate cross-panel relations. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model is based on 4,264 question-answering pairs derived from 1,084 expert-curated images. |
MedEthicEval: Evaluating Large Language Models Based on Chinese Medical Ethics (2025.naacl-industry)
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| Challenge: | Large language models (LLMs) have been used in clinical decision support, medical education and patient communication. |
| Approach: | They propose a benchmark to evaluate large language models in the domain of medical ethics and assess their grasp of medical ethical principles and their application across diverse scenarios. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework assesses the models’ grasp of medical ethics principles and their ability to apply them across diverse scenarios. |
EEL: Efficiently Encoding Lattices for Reranking (2023.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods for decoding conditional text are slow to apply to large numbers of hypotheses. |
| Approach: | They propose a method that can efficiently encode lattices of generated outputs using Transformers. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method can extract high-quality hypotheses from lattices with minimal degradation error compared to naive reranking methods. |
Transfer Knowledge from Natural Language to Electrocardiography: Can We Detect Cardiovascular Disease Through Language Models? (2023.findings-eacl)
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Jielin Qiu, William Han, Jiacheng Zhu, Mengdi Xu, Michael Rosenberg, Emerson Liu, Douglas Weber, Ding Zhao
| Challenge: | Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown powerful ability in various downstream applications. |
| Approach: | They propose an approach for cardiovascular disease diagnosis and automatic ECG diagnosis report generation. |
| Outcome: | The proposed approach generates high-quality cardiac diagnosis reports and achieves competitive zero-shot classification performance even compared with supervised baselines. |
Understanding Neural Abstractive Summarization Models via Uncertainty (2020.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Recent advances in abstractive summarization have been fueled by the advent of large-scale Transformers pre-trained on autoregressive language modeling objectives. |
| Approach: | They analyze summarization decoders in both blackbox and whitebox ways by studying on the entropy, or uncertainty, of the model’s token-level predictions. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model generates tokens in a free-form manner, but this flexibility makes it difficult to interpret their behavior. |
Unlocking Anticipatory Text Generation: A Constrained Approach for Large Language Models Decoding (2024.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Large language models have shown a powerful ability for text generation, but undesired behaviors such as toxicity and hallucinations can manifest. |
| Approach: | They propose to formalize text generation as a future-constrained generation problem to minimize undesirable behaviors and enforce faithfulness to instructions. |
| Outcome: | The proposed approach is effective across three tasks, including keyword-constrained generation, toxicity reduction, and factual correctness in question-answering. |
Can Brain Signals Reveal Inner Alignment with Human Languages? (2023.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | Brain Signals, such as Electroencephalography, and human languages have been explored independently for many downstream tasks, however, the connection between them has not been well explored. |
| Approach: | They introduce a multimodal transformer alignment model to observe coordinated representations between EEG and language. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method achieved an F1-score improvement of 1.7% on ZuCo and 9.3% on Zuco datasets for sentiment analysis, and 7.4% on ZuCO for relation detection. |
OpenICL: An Open-Source Framework for In-context Learning (2023.acl-demo)
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| Challenge: | In-context Learning (ICL) is a new paradigm for large language model evaluation. |
| Approach: | They propose an open-source toolkit for ICL and LLM evaluation. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework is highly flexible and flexible and can be easily combined with other tools to suit users' needs. |
One2Set: Generating Diverse Keyphrases as a Set (2021.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Recent keyphrase generation models are wrongly imposing a predefined order on keyphrases . a new training paradigm is proposed to concatenate keyphrase sequences in parallel . |
| Approach: | They propose a training paradigm that concatenates keyphrases in a predefined order . they propose combining a fixed set of learned control codes with a bipartite matching mechanism . |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms the state-of-the-art methods on multiple benchmarks. |