Challenge: Existing methods for hateful video detection rely on unimodal analysis or feature fusion . Existing tools struggle to capture cross-modal interactions and reason through implicit hate in sarcasm and metaphor .
Approach: They propose a reasoning-based hateful video detection framework with multimodal large language models . they integrate Chain-of-Thought reasoning to enhance multimodal interaction modeling .
Outcome: The proposed framework outperforms existing tools on two public datasets covering English and Chinese.

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More Than Sum of Its Parts: Deciphering Intent Shifts in Multimodal Hate Speech Detection (2026.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Existing systems struggle with multimodal content where the emergent meaning transcends the aggregation of individual modalities.
Approach: They propose a framework to characterize semantic intent shifts where modalities interact to construct implicit hate from benign cues or neutralize toxicity through semantic inversion.
Outcome: The proposed framework outperforms state-of-the-art benchmarks on H-VLI and on established benchmarks.
LEAF: Towards Lightweight Explainable Hateful Video Detection via Self-Grounding CoT Guided Stage-Wise Distillation (2026.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Existing methods for detecting hateful videos rely on opaque models with no insight into their decisions.
Approach: They propose a lightweight, explainable video detection framework that distills "explainability" from LMMs into efficient Smaller Multimodal Models (SMMs) they use a self-grounded chain-of-thought mechanism to generate unbiased supervision signals for videos .
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Recent Advances in Online Hate Speech Moderation: Multimodality and the Role of Large Models (2024.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: HS is any communication demeaning a person or a group based on social or ethnic characteristics that undermines social harmony and individual safety . the recent Israel-Hamas conflict has escalated both anti-Muslim and anti-Semitic sentiments worldwide .
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Align before Attend: Aligning Visual and Textual Features for Multimodal Hateful Content Detection (2024.eacl-srw)

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Challenge: Existing approaches to multimodal hateful content detection focus on detecting hate speech from text-based content, but they fail to address modality-specific features.
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Multi3Hate: Multimodal, Multilingual, and Multicultural Hate Speech Detection with Vision–Language Models (2025.naacl-long)

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Challenge: a new study shows that cultural background significantly affects multimodal hate speech moderation models . a limited dataset excludes multi-modal forms of hate and excludes non-English-speaking cultures . the lowest pairwise label agreement between the USA and India is due to cultural factors .
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HyperHatePrompt: A Hypergraph-based Prompting Fusion Model for Multimodal Hate Detection (2025.coling-main)

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Challenge: Existing models for multimodal hate detection lack implicit hateful cues, cross-modal-induced hate, and diversity of hate target groups.
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Probing LLMs for hate speech detection: strengths and vulnerabilities (2023.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Recent efforts to detect hateful or toxic language using large language models have not used explanation, additional context and victim community information in the detection process.
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Thesis Proposal: An Explainable Multimodal Framework for Detecting Harmful Content in Code-Switched Children’s Media (2026.acl-srw)

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Challenge: Current content moderation systems fail to protect children from harmful content, especially in under-resourced, code-switched settings.
Approach: They propose to integrate a fine-tuned classifier with an LLM-powered module that synthesizes the classifier’s internal evidential signals to generate faithful, human-readable rationales for each decision.
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Deciphering Implicit Hate: Evaluating Automated Detection Algorithms for Multimodal Hate (2021.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Imlicit hate content has unusual syntax, polysemic words, and fewer markers of prejudice, e.g., slurs . multimodal content is harder to detect than unimodal content, such as memes .
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Perception, Understanding and Reasoning: A Multimodal Benchmark for Video Fake News Detection (2026.acl-long)

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Challenge: Existing video fake news detection benchmarks focus on the detection accuracy, while failing to provide fine-grained assessments for the entire detection process.
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