Proceedings of the 2022 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing: System Demonstrations
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| Challenge: | Existing knowledge-enhanced methods are limited to knowledge-intensive tasks. |
| Approach: | They propose a knowledge-enhanced text representation toolkit for natural language understanding . it combines knowledge acquisition, knowledge representation, knowledge injection and knowledge application . |
| Outcome: | The proposed toolkit supports knowledge acquisition, knowledge representation, knowledge injection, and knowledge application. |
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| Challenge: | Transformer-based language models (LMs) are opaque and unexplained, causing problems for endusers and developers who wish to debug or fix their behaviour. |
| Approach: | They propose an interactive debugger tool for transformer-based LMs that provides a fine-grained interpretation of the model's internal prediction process and a powerful framework for intervening in LM behavior. |
| Outcome: | The proposed tool provides a fine-grained interpretation of the model's internal prediction construction process, and a powerful framework for intervening in LM behavior. |
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| Challenge: | Pre-Trained Models (PTMs) have reshaped the development of natural language processing (NLP) but it is not easy to obtain high-performing PTMs without a large amount of labeled training data and deploy them online with fast inference speed. |
| Approach: | They propose to make it easy to build NLP applications with knowledge-enhanced pre-training and knowledge distillation. |
| Outcome: | EasyNLP supports a comprehensive suite of NLP algorithms and features knowledge-enhanced pre-training, knowledge distillation and few-shot learning functionalities. |
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| Challenge: | Existing studies evaluate VLP models by comparing the fine-tuned downstream task performance with the average downstream task accuracy. |
| Approach: | They propose a toolbox for evaluating Vision-Language Pretraining (VLP) models. |
| Outcome: | The proposed toolbox provides the preliminary datasets that deepen the image-texting ability of a VLP model. |
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| Challenge: | TweetNLP is an integrated platform for natural language processing in social media. |
| Approach: | They propose a Python-based platform for natural language processing in social media that supports a variety of NLP tasks. |
| Outcome: | The proposed platform supports generic focus areas such as sentiment analysis and named entity recognition, as well as social media-specific tasks such as emoji prediction and offensive language identification. |
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| Challenge: | JoeyS2T is a simple, lightweight NMT extension for speech-to-text tasks such as automatic speech recognition and end-to end speech translation. |
| Approach: | JoeyS2T is a JoeyNMT extension for automatic speech recognition and end-to-end speech translation. |
| Outcome: | JoeyS2T performs competitively on English speech recognition and English-to-German speech translation benchmarks. |
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| Challenge: | Existing approaches to assess and improve model fairness have been inconsistent and inconsistent. |
| Approach: | They propose an open-source python library for assessing and improving model fairness. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework can be used for natural language, images, and audio. |
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| Challenge: | a tool for fine-grained evaluation of entity linkers on benchmarks is presented . a typical evaluation shows that overall precision and recall are poor . particular benchmarks often require very particular skills from an entity linker . |
| Approach: | They propose a tool for fine-grained evaluation of entity linkers on benchmarks . they use a graph-based tool to analyze performance of a set of entity links . |
| Outcome: | The proposed tool provides an automatic breakdown of the performance by error categories and by entity type. |
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| Challenge: | Question Answering (QA) is a growing area of research . state-of-the-art QA models struggle on out-of domain documents without fine-tuning . |
| Approach: | They propose a pipeline for validating and training QA data and an interface for human annotation. |
| Outcome: | The proposed pipeline improves QA performance on domain-specific datasets while preserving the accuracy of the model. |
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| Challenge: | Existing knowledge extraction tools are not complete due to emerging entities and relations in real-world applications. |
| Approach: | They propose an open-source knowledge extraction toolkit DeepKE that supports low-resource, document-level and multimodal scenarios in the knowledge base population. |
| Outcome: | The proposed toolkit supports low-resource, document-level and multimodal scenarios in the knowledge base population. |
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| Challenge: | Diagnostic coding is the task of assigning diagnosis codes defined by the ICD (International Classification of Diseases) standard to patient visits based on clinical notes. |
| Approach: | They propose to use an ICD coding framework to train and benchmark models . they correct errors in preprocessing and provide an interactive demo to analyze the models based on custom inputs. |
| Outcome: | The framework corrects errors in preprocessing and provides key models and weights trained on correctly preprocessed datasets. |
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| Challenge: | a package for data programming with semi supervision implements several recent approaches to label and train machine learning models. |
| Approach: | They propose an open-source python library for data programming with semi supervision . the library implements several recent data programming approaches including heuristics and association of noisy labels to training datasets. |
| Outcome: | The proposed package implements several recent approaches for data programming with semi supervision. |
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| Challenge: | Evaluation is a key part of machine learning, yet there is neo-tooling to support it . auxiliary techniques such as testing for significance, measuring statistical power, and auxiliary methods are not available in ML. |
| Approach: | They propose a set of tools to facilitate the evaluation of models and datasets in machine learning . they propose 'evaluation on the Hub' platform that enables large-scale evaluation of over 75,000 models . |
| Outcome: | The proposed tools can be used to evaluate models and datasets on the Hugging Face Hub. |
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| Challenge: | Existing tools for document visualization assume that keywords have static meanings, but contextualized word embeddings are unrealistic. |
| Approach: | They propose a visual exploration tool that visualizes contextualized word embeddings in documents based on keywords. |
| Outcome: | The proposed tool visualizes keywords in terms of their contextualized embeddings in a semantic landscape that keeps keywords with similar context close to each other, allowing for a more precise search and comparison of documents. |
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| Challenge: | Existing medical dialogue systems have the problems of weak scalability, insufficient knowledge, and poor controllability. |
| Approach: | They propose a medical conversational question-answering system based on the knowledge graph to improve scalability and controllability. |
| Outcome: | The proposed system can conduct knowledge-grounded dialogues with users, using a Chinese medical knowledge graph and a large-scale dataset. |
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| Challenge: | Label Sleuth is an open source system for labeling and creating text classifiers which does not require coding skills nor machine learning knowledge. |
| Approach: | *Label Sleuth* is an open source system for labeling and creating text classifiers which does not require coding skills nor machine learning knowledge. |
| Outcome: | *Label Sleuth* is an open source system for labeling and creating text classifiers. |
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| Challenge: | AGReE is a system that generates multiple-choice grammar practice items . common core standards for K-12 English literacy include grammar as a learning outcome . |
| Approach: | They propose a system that generates multiple-choice grammar practice exercises that can be completed while reading. |
| Outcome: | The proposed grammar-reading exercise system can be completed while reading . it offers immediate feedback, similar to a more formal incentive system . |
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| Challenge: | evaluating and troubleshooting production TOD systems is still a largely manual process requiring large amount of human conversations with the systems. |
| Approach: | They propose a data-efficient end-to-end Bot SIMulation framework for commercial task-oriented dialog systems that can generate user queries and generate semantic-level dialog acts and entities from bot definitions. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework is able to infer semantic-level dialog acts and entities from bot definitions and generate user queries via model-based paraphrasing. |
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| Challenge: | Existing systems that generate ads manually are not effective in generating ad copy and generating millions of ads for large businesses. |
| Approach: | They propose a system that generates fluent ads from advertiser’s web pages in an abstractive fashion and solves practical issues such as factuality and inference speed. |
| Outcome: | The proposed system generates fluent ads from advertiser’s web pages in an abstractive fashion and solves practical issues such as factuality and inference speed. |
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| Challenge: | Current systems that automatically define unfamiliar terms only surface a single "best" description for all users, which may not be accessible for all readers, given varying background knowledge. |
| Approach: | They propose an end-to-end system that generates sets of descriptions of scientific concepts . ACCoRD corpus includes 1,275 labeled contexts and 1,787 expert-authored concept descriptions . |
| Outcome: | The proposed system produces diverse descriptions of concepts in terms of reference concepts. |
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| Challenge: | Existing studies focus on giving discrete scores for holistic quality or distinct traits, but real-world teachers usually provide detailed comments in natural language, which are more informative than single scores. |
| Approach: | They propose a model which generates comments for specified segments from given student narrative essays using a human-written Chinese dataset. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms baselines and has 91% success rate. |
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| Challenge: | MIC is a human-machine collaborative curation tool for multiple NLP tasks. |
| Approach: | They propose to use a multi-task interactive curation tool for multiple NLP tasks to help solve pain points in real NLP. |
| Outcome: | The proposed tool supports multiple projects with multiple users and allows for collaborative annotations. |
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| Challenge: | Summary Workbench is a tool for developing and evaluating text summarization models. |
| Approach: | They propose a tool for developing and evaluating text summarization models that integrates with Docker plugins and provides visual analysis of models’ strengths and weaknesses. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model and evaluation measures can be easily integrated as Docker-based plugins and provide insights into the models’ strengths and weaknesses. |
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| Challenge: | a Google Docs add-on for automatic Arabic word-level readability visualization is available for free. |
| Approach: | They propose a Google Docs add-on for automatic Arabic word-level readability visualization. |
| Outcome: | The proposed add-on can be used to assess the reading difficulty of a text and identify difficult words as part of manual text simplification. |
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| Challenge: | Logical reasoning on natural language is one of the most challenging tasks for deep learning models. |
| Approach: | They propose a library that includes logical reasoning benchmarks and models . they use a dataset to run the library or fine tune the models with different hyperparameters . |
| Outcome: | This library includes logical reasoning benchmarks, models, utility functions and co-reference resolution. |
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| Challenge: | Neural machine translation is a natural language deep learning application that needs data to be trained. |
| Approach: | They describe a framework that empowers scalability and versatility for research use cases. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework empowers scalability and versatility for research use cases. |
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| Challenge: | Evaluations in machine learning rarely use the latest metrics, datasets, or human evaluation in favor of remaining compatible with prior work. |
| Approach: | They propose to use the Generation, Evaluation, and Metrics Benchmark to integrate new evaluation methods into existing evaluations. |
| Outcome: | The proposed evaluation infrastructure bridges the gap between the advantages of leaderboards and in-depth and evolving evaluations by allowing model developers to benefit from each other's work. |
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| Challenge: | Existing state-of-the-art retrieval augmented generation models are not available for knowledge-intensive language tasks. |
| Approach: | They propose a retrieval augmented generation system that showcases the latest state-of-the-art retrieval models on knowledge-intensive language tasks. |
| Outcome: | The proposed system is based on the core of the KGI system. |
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| Challenge: | 199 million people communicate on twitter daily, making it essential to study policy and decision-making. |
| Approach: | They propose a flow-based tool to augment Twitter data with additional information about tweets and users. |
| Outcome: | The proposed tool is designed to enhance Twitter data with additional information about tweets and users. |
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| Challenge: | Azimuth is an open-source tool to perform error analysis for text classification. |
| Approach: | They propose an open-source tool to perform error analysis for text classification . they propose to combine a range of ML techniques to facilitate the error analysis stage . |
| Outcome: | The proposed approach helps AI practitioners discover and address areas where the model does not generalize by leveraging and integrating a range of ML techniques. |
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| Challenge: | SynKB is an open-source, automatically extracted knowledge base of chemical synthesis protocols. |
| Approach: | They propose to make SynKB available as an open-source tool for chemists . synKB supports more flexible queries about reaction conditions . |
| Outcome: | The proposed open-source tool has higher recall and high precision than proprietary chemistry databases. |
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| Challenge: | Camelira is a web-based Arabic multi-dialect morphological disambiguation tool that covers modern standard Arabic, Egyptian, Gulf, and Levantine. |
| Approach: | They propose a web-based Arabic multi-dialect morphological disambiguation tool that covers modern standard Arabic, Egyptian, Gulf, and Levantine. |
| Outcome: | The proposed tool covers modern standard Arabic, Egyptian, Gulf, and Levantine . it also provides an option to automatically choose an appropriate disambiguator based on the prediction of a dialect identification component. |
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| Challenge: | POTATO is a free, fully open-sourced annotation system that supports labeling many types of text and multimodal data. |
| Approach: | They propose to use POTATO to design and deploy complex annotation tasks. |
| Outcome: | The proposed annotation system improves labeling speed and productivity over two tasks. |
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| Challenge: | Knowledge Graphs (KGs) store information in the form of (head, predicate, tail)-triples. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework for performing fine-grained evaluation on meaningful subsets of data. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework tests models on meaningful subsets of the data, which would have been impossible to detect with standard averaged single-score metrics. |
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| Challenge: | Existing tools to evaluate long text outputs are lacking in the field of NLP . human rating and error analysis remains a crucial component for any evaluation of long text generation. |
| Approach: | They propose a web-based toolkit to collect fine-grained error annotations for long texts . they use a taxonomy to identify errors and assign them to text spans . |
| Outcome: | The proposed tool can be used to evaluate the coherence of long generated summaries. |
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| Challenge: | Existing models that fail on tail data or rare groups are difficult to identify due to lack of explicit labels. |
| Approach: | They propose a systematic error analysis and labeling tool that uses a two-step approach to identify high-error slices of data and then give human-understandable semantics to those underperforming slices. |
| Outcome: | The proposed tool identifies high-error slices of data and gives human-understandable semantics to those underperforming slices. |
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| Challenge: | Existing methods to enhance and correct NLP models require feedback from users. |
| Approach: | They propose to enhance DRaiL with an easy to use Python interface that allows users to define, modify and augment models, as well as debug and visualize the predictions. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework supports predicting sentence and entity level moral sentiment in political tweets. |
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| Challenge: | a new system allows users to train their own state-of-the-art paraphrastic sentence representations in a variety of languages. |
| Approach: | They propose a system that allows users to train their own paraphrastic sentence representations in a variety of languages. |
| Outcome: | The proposed models outperform previous models on monolingual and cross-lingual tasks and can be used on CPUs with little difference in inference speed. |
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| Challenge: | Snoopy allows researchers to analyze the impact of the overlap between pretraining corpus and test data on model performance statistics. |
| Approach: | They propose to align terms in test instances with their frequency in the Pile to explore correlations between model accuracy and model size and number. |
| Outcome: | Snoopy allows researchers to analyze term frequency statistics in large language models on NLP benchmarks. |
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| Challenge: | Existing efforts to compress medium-sized models for specific tasks have limited results. |
| Approach: | They propose a task-agnostic compression toolkit for big models that implements quantization, pruning, distillation and MoEfication methods. |
| Outcome: | The proposed tool improves performance on a model with 3 billion parameters by 12x . it also outperforms the original model on three typical NLP benchmarks. |
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| Challenge: | Currently, the framework supports text classification, sequence tagging, and seq2seq tasks. |
| Approach: | They propose an open-source framework for active learning annotation in natural language processing that provides an easy-to-deploy GUI annotation tool directly in the Jupyter IDE. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework reduces computational overhead and duration of AL iterations and increases annotated data reusability. |
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| Challenge: | TextBox 2.0 focuses on the use of pre-trained language models (PLMs) to generate text. |
| Approach: | They propose a library that integrates pre-trained language models into 13 common text generation tasks and 83 datasets. |
| Outcome: | The proposed library covers 13 common text generation tasks and their corresponding datasets and incorporates 45 PLMs covering general, translation, Chinese, dialogue, controllable, distilled, prompting, and lightweight PLM. |