Papers by Xinyi Zhao
Towards Comprehensive Argument Analysis in Education: Dataset, Tasks, and Method (2025.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Existing research on argument mining has proposed various argument annotation schemes and tasks. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework comprising 14 fine-grained relation types to capture the interplay between argument components for a thorough understanding of argument structure. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework captures the interplay between argument components for a thorough understanding of argument structure. |
CEAMC: Corpus and Empirical Study of Argument Analysis in Education via LLMs (2024.findings-emnlp)
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Yupei Ren, Hongyi Wu, Zhaoguang Long, Shangqing Zhao, Xinyi Zhou, Zheqin Yin, Xinlin Zhuang, Xiaopeng Bai, Man Lan
| Challenge: | Existing argument component classifications in education are simplistic and isolated, failing to capture the complete argument information. |
| Approach: | They propose to annotate a manually annotated argument component classification dataset from authentic examination settings and to explore the performance of Large Language Models on CEAMC. |
| Outcome: | The proposed dataset can be used to analyze argumentative essays in education. |
Uncovering Scaling Laws for Large Language Models via Inverse Problems (2025.findings-emnlp)
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Arun Verma, Zhaoxuan Wu, Zijian Zhou, Xiaoqiang Lin, Zhiliang Chen, Rachael Hwee Ling Sim, Rui Qiao, Jingtan Wang, Nhung Bui, Xinyuan Niu, Wenyang Hu, Gregory Kang Ruey Lau, Zi-Yu Khoo, Zitong Zhao, Xinyi Xu, Apivich Hemachandra, See-Kiong Ng, Bryan Kian Hsiang Low
| Challenge: | Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success across diverse domains. |
| Approach: | inverse problems can efficiently uncover scaling laws that guide the building of LLMs, authors argue . authors propose brute-force approaches to improve LLM training costs due to high costs . |
| Outcome: | This paper advocates that inverse problems can efficiently uncover scaling laws that guide the building of LLMs to achieve the desirable performance with significantly better cost-effectiveness. |
PreP-OCR: A Complete Pipeline for Document Image Restoration and Enhanced OCR Accuracy (2025.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Existing pipelines that combine document image restoration with semantic-aware post-OCR correction can improve text extraction from degraded images. |
| Approach: | They propose a two-stage pipeline that combines document image restoration with semantic-aware post-OCR correction to enhance both visual clarity and textual consistency. |
| Outcome: | The proposed pipeline reduces character error rates by 63.9-70.3% on 13,831 pages of real historical documents in English, French, and Spanish compared to OCR on raw images. |
LLMTreeRec: Unleashing the Power of Large Language Models for Cold-Start Recommendations (2025.coling-main)
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Wenlin Zhang, Chuhan Wu, Xiangyang Li, Yuhao Wang, Kuicai Dong, Yichao Wang, Xinyi Dai, Xiangyu Zhao, Huifeng Guo, Ruiming Tang
| Challenge: | Lack of training data leads to the system cold-start problem in recommendation systems, making them struggle to provide effective recommendations. |
| Approach: | They propose a tree-based LLM recommendation framework which structures all items into an item tree to improve the efficiency of LLM’s item retrieval. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework outperforms the baseline model in the A/B test on Huawei industrial system. |
P2P: A Poison-to-Poison Remedy for Reliable Backdoor Defense in LLMs (2026.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Defending Large Language Models (LLMs) against backdoors has long been trapped in a "cat-and-mouse" dilemma where defenders passively react to ever-shifting attack strategies. |
| Approach: | They propose a general and effective defense algorithm that implants benign triggers to reshape the model’s decision boundary. |
| Outcome: | The proposed defense algorithm can neutralize malicious backdoors while preserving task performance. |
LLMSurgeon: Diagnosing Data Mixture of Large Language Models (2026.acl-long)
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Yaxin Luo, Jiacheng Cui, Xiaohan Zhao, Xinyi Shang, Jiacheng Liu, Xinyue Bi, Zhaoyi Li, Zhiqiang Shen
| Challenge: | a lack of transparency in large language models makes auditing their "digital DNA" difficult. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework that casts DMS as an inverse problem under label-shift assumption . they propose LLMScan, a recipe-verifiable evaluation suite built from open-source LLMs . |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework casts DMS as an inverse problem under label-shift assumption . compared with existing frameworks, it recovers domain mixtures with high fidelity . |
PersLEARN: Research Training through the Lens of Perspective Cultivation (2023.acl-demo)
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Yu-Zhe Shi, Shiqian Li, Xinyi Niu, Qiao Xu, Jiawen Liu, Yifan Xu, Shiyu Gu, Bingru He, Xinyang Li, Xinyu Zhao, Zijian Zhao, Yidong Lyu, Zhen Li, Sijia Liu, Lin Qiu, Jinhao Ji, Lecheng Ruan, Yuxi Ma, Wenjuan Han, Yixin Zhu
| Challenge: | PersLEARN is a tool designed to facilitate the cultivation of scientific perspectives . junior researchers struggle to identify the perspectives reflected in the literature and struggle to develop their own viewpoints. |
| Approach: | They propose a tool to facilitate the cultivation of scientific perspectives by interacting with a prompt-based model and allowing students to develop their own perspectives explicitly. |
| Outcome: | The proposed tool outperforms baseline approaches across multiple domains of literature from different perspectives. |
Rethinking Reasoning: A Survey on Reasoning-based Backdoors in LLMs (2026.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Recent models such as OpenAI o1 and DeepSeek-R1 produce explicit reasoning traces, often via Chain-of-Thought prompting. |
| Approach: | They propose a taxonomy that offers a unified perspective for summarizing existing approaches and categorizing reasoning-based backdoor attacks into associative, passive, and active. |
| Outcome: | The proposed taxonomy categorizes reasoning-based backdoor attacks into associative, passive, and active. |
Uni-Retrieval: A Multi-Style Retrieval Framework for STEM’s Education (2025.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Current retrieval models focus on natural text-image retrieval, which is insufficient for STEM education contexts due to ambiguities in the retrieval process. |
| Approach: | They propose a diverse expression retrieval task tailored to educational scenarios . they extract query style features as prototypes and build a continuously updated Prompt Bank . |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms existing retrieval models in most retrieval tasks. |
MEDs for PETs: Multilingual Euphemism Disambiguation for Potentially Euphemistic Terms (2024.findings-eacl)
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Patrick Lee, Alain Chirino Trujillo, Diana Cuevas Plancarte, Olumide Ojo, Xinyi Liu, Iyanuoluwa Shode, Yuan Zhao, Anna Feldman, Jing Peng
| Challenge: | Euphemisms are a linguistic device used to soften or neutralize language that may otherwise be harsh or awkward to state directly. |
| Approach: | They train a multilingual transformer model to disambiguate potentially euphemistic terms in multilingual and cross-lingual settings. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model performs better than monolingual models on the disambiguation task compared to monolingual ones in multilingual and cross-lingual settings. |
Extract-Select: A Span Selection Framework for Nested Named Entity Recognition with Generative Adversarial Training (2022.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Existing studies treat named entity recognition as a sequential labeling problem. |
| Approach: | They propose a span selection framework for nested named entity recognition . they propose nesting entities with different input categories would be separately extracted . |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework outperforms competing models on four benchmark datasets. |
Exploring Fine-Grained Human Motion Video Captioning (2025.coling-main)
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Bingchan Zhao, Xinyi Liu, Zhuocheng Yu, Tongchen Yang, Yifan Song, Mingyu Jin, Sujian Li, Yizhou Wang
| Challenge: | Existing video captioning models fail to capture nuanced semantics of videos . existing models generate coarse descriptions of human motions, resulting in poor quality . |
| Approach: | They construct a fine-grained human motion video captioning dataset named BoFiT and a model that generates fine-grain descriptions of human motions via prompting. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms existing models on comprehensive metrics. |
LRBench and Judge-R1: Principled Evaluation and Training of LLM-Based Judges for Long-Context Reasoning (2026.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Existing benchmarks for evaluating large language models (LLMs) under long contexts are underexplored. |
| Approach: | They propose a large-scale benchmark for evaluating large language models (LLMs) that combines reinforcement learning with multi-turn search to enable grounded and principle-aware evaluation. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms single-turn baselines across domains and principles. |
Analyzing Uncertainty of LLM-as-a-Judge: Interval Evaluations with Conformal Prediction (2025.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Large language models (LLMs) are powerful automatic evaluators for natural language generation (NLG) tasks, but their uncertainty may limit their deployment in many applications. |
| Approach: | They propose a conformal prediction framework that provides a prediction interval with coverage guarantees and a midpoint-based score as a low-bias alternative to raw model score and weighted average. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework provides a prediction interval with coverage guarantees and a midpoint-based score as a low-bias alternative to raw model score and weighted average. |