Papers by Yichao Wang

18 papers
GIFT: Guided Fine-Tuning and Transfer for Enhancing Instruction-Tuned Language Models (2026.acl-long)

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Challenge: Existing adapter-based transfer methods treat instruction-tuned models as passive targets . direct fine-tuning can disrupt this delicate balance and lead to instability or performance degradation.
Approach: They propose a framework that incorporates instruction-level guidance into task adaptation.
Outcome: The proposed framework outperforms direct fine-tuning and representative transfer-based baselines while maintaining robust generalization and favorable test-time scaling behavior.
Nearest Neighbor Machine Translation is Meta-Optimizer on Output Projection Layer (2023.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Nearest Neighbor Machine Translation (kNN-MT) is a powerful domain adaptation tool . the reasons for its success have not been thoroughly investigated .
Approach: They propose to integrate pre-trained Neural Machine Translation models with token-level retrieval . they propose to implicitly execute gradient descent on the output projection layer of NMT .
Outcome: The proposed approach outperforms model fine-tuning on in-domain tests while achieving better performance on out-of-domain sets.
DetectRL-X: Towards Reliable Multilingual and Real-World LLM-Generated Text Detection (2026.acl-long)

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Challenge: Existing detectors are limited in their ability to detect large language models generated content in multilingual environments.
Approach: They propose a multilingual benchmark to evaluate advanced detectors across 8 dimensions to better align with real-world applications.
Outcome: The proposed benchmark encompasses 8 languages commonly used in commercial contexts and collects human-written texts from 6 domains highly susceptible to LLM misuse.
Bridging Relevance and Reasoning: Rationale Distillation in Retrieval-Augmented Generation (2025.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Existing approaches to rerank and align documents based on reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) . prior work shows that LLMs have exceptional reasoning and text generation capabilities .
Approach: They propose a rationale extraction method that leverages reasoning capabilities of large language models to extract the rationales necessary for answering a query.
Outcome: The proposed method is compared with baseline methods on two tasks across three datasets.
LLMTreeRec: Unleashing the Power of Large Language Models for Cold-Start Recommendations (2025.coling-main)

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Challenge: Lack of training data leads to the system cold-start problem in recommendation systems, making them struggle to provide effective recommendations.
Approach: They propose a tree-based LLM recommendation framework which structures all items into an item tree to improve the efficiency of LLM’s item retrieval.
Outcome: The proposed framework outperforms the baseline model in the A/B test on Huawei industrial system.
Learning to Discriminate Perturbations for Blocking Adversarial Attacks in Text Classification (D19-1)

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Challenge: Existing studies on adversarial attacks on deep learning models focus on generation of adversarials and defense against adversarial attacks.
Approach: They propose a framework to identify and adjust malicious perturbations and block adversarial attacks for machine learning models.
Outcome: The proposed framework outperforms baseline methods in blocking adversarial attacks for text classification models.
Learning Gender-Neutral Word Embeddings (D18-1)

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Challenge: Word embeddings trained on human-generated corpora inherit strong gender stereotypes . prior studies show such embeddables exhibit social biases, such as gender stereotype .
Approach: They propose a method to preserve gender information in certain dimensions of word vectors . they propose GN-GloVe, which is a gender-neutral variant of the word embedding model .
Outcome: The proposed method preserves gender information in certain dimensions of word vectors while compelling other dimensions to be free of gender influence.
Tree-KG: An Expandable Knowledge Graph Construction Framework for Knowledge-intensive Domains (2025.acl-long)

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Challenge: Knowledge graphs are a useful tool for organizing complex data in knowledge-intensive domains.
Approach: They propose an expandable framework that combines structured domain texts with advanced semantic techniques to create a tree-like graph from textbooks.
Outcome: The proposed framework surpasses competing methods in the text-Annotated dataset with high scores on the Text-Annalytated data.
MemSearch-o1: Empowering Large Language Models with Reasoning-Aligned Memory Growth in Agentic Search (2026.acl-long)

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Challenge: Existing methods for memory management struggle to capture fine-grained semantic relations between queries and documents.
Approach: They propose a framework for reasoning and agentic search that grows fine-grained memory fragments from seed tokens from queries, then retraces and deep refines the memory via a contribution function.
Outcome: Experiments on eight benchmark datasets show that MemSearch-o1 significantly mitigates memory dilution and more effectively activates reasoning potential of diverse LLMs.
StepSearch: Igniting LLMs Search Ability via Step-Wise Proximal Policy Optimization (2025.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Recent work has demonstrated unprecedented capabilities in sophisticated linguistic comprehension and generative tasks.
Approach: They propose a framework for search LLMs that trains with step-wise proximal policy optimization method to improve QA performance.
Outcome: The proposed framework outperforms global-reward benchmarks on multi-hop QA with a stepwise proximal policy optimization method and richer and more detailed intermediate search rewards and token-level process supervision.
Interventional Rationalization (2023.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Existing methods for rationalization use spurious correlations in data to compose rationales and make predictions.
Approach: They propose a method to discover the causal rationales by using a structural causal model.
Outcome: The proposed method is based on the causal theory and validates on three real-world datasets.
Goal-Oriented End-to-End Conversational Models with Profile Features in a Real-World Setting (N19-2)

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Challenge: a recent study has focused on how algorithmic improvements help model performance on fabricated datasets.
Approach: They propose two approaches to train conversational neural models for goal-oriented conversational systems . they train models on historical chat transcripts and test on live contacts .
Outcome: The proposed model is able to generate top-four responses on live contacts . the model is also able for customer profile features to assess their impact on performance .
Fine-grained Medical Vision-Language Representation Learning for Radiology Report Generation (2023.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Existing methods to learn medical vision-language representations by contrasting images with entire reports are not effective.
Approach: They propose a phenotype-driven medical vision-language representation learning framework to bridge the gap between visual and textual modalities for improved text-oriented generation.
Outcome: The proposed framework bridges the gap between visual and textual modalities for improved radiology report generation.
A Multistage Extraction Pipeline for Long Scanned Financial Documents: An Empirical Study in Industrial KYC Workflows (2026.acl-industry)

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Challenge: Structured information extraction from long, multilingual scanned financial documents is a core requirement in industrial KYC and compliance workflows.
Approach: They propose a framework for structured information extraction from long, multilingual scanned financial documents . they combine image preprocessing, multilinguistic OCR, hybrid page-level retrieval and VLMs .
Outcome: The proposed pipeline outperforms direct PDF-to-VLM baselines on 120 production KYC documents.
Non-Parametric Domain Adaptation for End-to-End Speech Translation (2022.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: End-to-end speech translation (E2E-ST) systems have received increasing attention due to its less error propagation, lower latency and fewer parameters.
Approach: They propose a non-parametric method that leverages in-domain text translation corpus to achieve domain adaptation for E2E-ST systems.
Outcome: The proposed method outperforms the existing in-domain fine-tuning strategies on the Europarl-ST benchmark.
“The Boating Store Had Its Best Sail Ever”: Pronunciation-attentive Contextualized Pun Recognition (2020.acl-main)

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Challenge: Identifying and modeling puns is challenging as they involve implicit semantic or phonological tricks.
Approach: They propose a method to detect puns in a sentence and then locate them in it . they propose to capture phonetic associations between the context and phonetic symbols .
Outcome: The proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art methods in pun detection and location tasks.
Rethinking Zero-shot Neural Machine Translation: From a Perspective of Latent Variables (2021.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Existing methods to achieve zero-shot translation suffer from spurious correlations between output language and language invariant semantics.
Approach: They propose a method that denoizes the autoencoder objective based on pivot language into traditional training objective to improve translation accuracy on zero-shot directions.
Outcome: The proposed method eliminates spurious correlations and outperforms state-of-the-art methods on two benchmark machine translation datasets.
At Your Own PACE: A Causal Framework for Evaluating EQ in LLMs (2026.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Emotional Quotient (EQ) has emerged as a competency for seamless human-AI integration.
Approach: They propose a framework for a closed-loop EQ evaluation using a PACE taxonomy to define four dimensions of LLM EQ.
Outcome: The proposed framework achieves high alignment of 89.31% with human preferences while maintaining robust consistency of 83.6%.

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