Papers by Xiangyu Zhao
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| Challenge: | Existing datasets often rely on synthetic data or figure-caption pairs, failing to capture the depth and complexity of geoscientific reasoning. |
| Approach: | They propose a multimodal scientific dataset and benchmark curated from open-access publications. |
| Outcome: | MSEarth features over 289K figures with captions enriched by contextual discussions and reasoning from original papers. |
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| Challenge: | Personalized Large Language Models (PLLMs) aim to align outputs with individual user preferences . current methods of fine-tuning a separate module for each user are unscalable . |
| Approach: | They propose a Merge-then-Adapt framework for Personalized Large Language Models . they construct a shared Meta-LoRA bank and propose an Adaptive LoRA Fusion stage . |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework outperforms existing SOTA methods on the LaMP benchmark. |
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| Challenge: | Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly integrated into our daily lives, raising ethical concerns, especially about perpetuating stereotypes. |
| Approach: | They propose a method that incorporates a neutral word semantics-based loss function to alleviate the deterioration of the LMS during debiasing. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method alleviates the deterioration of the Language Modeling Score (LMS) by incorporating a neutral word semantics-based loss function. |
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| Challenge: | Existing evaluation paradigms for geographic reasoning are outcome-centric and focus on label matching, leaving the underlying linguistic reasoning chains as unexamined black boxes. |
| Approach: | They propose a dynamic, human-preference-based evaluation framework for benchmarking open-world geographic reasoning. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework reframes evaluation as a pairwise reasoning alignment task on in-the-wild images, where human judges compare model-generated explanations based on reasoning quality, evidence synthesis, and plausibility. |
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| Challenge: | Existing approaches to rerank and align documents based on reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) . prior work shows that LLMs have exceptional reasoning and text generation capabilities . |
| Approach: | They propose a rationale extraction method that leverages reasoning capabilities of large language models to extract the rationales necessary for answering a query. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method is compared with baseline methods on two tasks across three datasets. |
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| Challenge: | Large language models (LLMs) generate outputs that stray from user input or contravene established knowledge. |
| Approach: | They propose a new phenomenon, Authority Bias, where LLMs favor one knowledge source over the other . they propose atomic information that generates conflicts and a Conflict Detection Enhanced Query framework . |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework reduces Authority bias in large language models . it detects conflicts, performs credibility assessment on conflicting paragraphs, and detects perturbed text . |
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| Challenge: | Existing knowledge editing approaches struggle with sequential editing scenarios and harm the general capabilities of the model. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework that combines robust supervised fine-tuning and model merging for knowledge editing to combine supervised and supervised learning. |
| Outcome: | The proposed approach outperforms existing methods in sequential editing while preserving the original performance of the model. |
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| Challenge: | Lack of training data leads to the system cold-start problem in recommendation systems, making them struggle to provide effective recommendations. |
| Approach: | They propose a tree-based LLM recommendation framework which structures all items into an item tree to improve the efficiency of LLM’s item retrieval. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework outperforms the baseline model in the A/B test on Huawei industrial system. |
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| Challenge: | Medical Information Extraction (MIE) tasks are a fundamental component of medical NLP. |
| Approach: | They propose an alternative adaptive constraint strategy to adjust the scale and scope of contrastive tokens. |
| Outcome: | The proposed approach selectively enhances the identification and classification capabilities while minimizing the influence of other inherent abilities in LLMs. |
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| Challenge: | Existing methods favor uninformative and non replier-specific responses due to lack of relevant information guidance. |
| Approach: | They propose to use a semi-supervised variable network to generate replier-specific responses . they use vMF as latent space to obtain stable KL performance . |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms baseline models on two large conversation datasets and generates diverse and replier-specific responses. |
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| Challenge: | Existing methods for query expansion lack corpus-specific knowledge and cost. |
| Approach: | They propose a query-query-document generation method that leverages large language models for mutual verification to produce diverse sub-queries and corresponding documents. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method is fully zero-shot and extensive experiments on three public benchmark datasets demonstrate its effectiveness over existing methods. |
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| Challenge: | Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) is currently the most commonly used PEFT method for fine-tuning models with billions of parameters. |
| Approach: | They propose to use low-rank Adaptation to evaluate LoRA parameter features and then retain LoRA for important layers and the other layers share the same LoRA. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method achieves comparable performance to full fine-tuning and LoRA while retaining 50% of the LoRA parameters on average. |
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| Challenge: | Existing methods for temporal reasoning are limited and apply a fixed pipeline to all questions. |
| Approach: | They propose an adaptive temporal reasoning method that dynamically executes reasoning steps based on context and task requirements. |
| Outcome: | Experiments on two temporal QA benchmarks show the proposed method works. |
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| Challenge: | Existing methods to select long-context data often rely on sentence-level analysis, which can be greatly optimized in both performance and efficiency. |
| Approach: | They propose a token-level framework which quantifies long-range dependencies for LLMs by calculating token-based dependency strength and distribution uniformity of token scores. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework quantifies long-range dependencies, enabling more accurate and efficient data selection. |
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| Challenge: | Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have catalyzed the rise of reasoningintensive inference paradigms, where models perform explicit step-by-step reasoning before generating final answers. |
| Approach: | They propose a large-small LLM collaboration framework that synergizes large and small language models to achieve high-quality reasoning with significantly reduced computational cost. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework outperforms the mentor LLM while preserving the benefits of the thinking paradigm of LLMs. |
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| Challenge: | Existing memory systems rely on static, hand-crafted update rules for personalization, but sparse outcome rewards provide weak supervision, resulting in unstable long-horizon optimization. |
| Approach: | They propose a memory guideline optimization framework that learns how memory should be organized and what information to update. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework learns how memory should be organized and what information to update. |
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| Challenge: | Existing safety benchmarks focus on explicitly harmful content, but ignore context-dependent expressions such as dogwhistles. |
| Approach: | They propose a benchmark for evaluating LLM safety under dogwhistle-driven prompts . their findings expose a blind spot in current safety evaluation practices . |
| Outcome: | The proposed benchmark compared safety performance with toxic terms using dogwhistle-driven prompts. |
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| Challenge: | e-commerce tasks such as multimodal retrieval and multimodal generation are largely ignored due to the diversity of the multimodal fashion domain. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework that integrates image generation with retrieval and text generation tasks. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework outperforms state-of-the-art models across fashion tasks. |
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| Challenge: | Existing methods for memory management struggle to capture fine-grained semantic relations between queries and documents. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework for reasoning and agentic search that grows fine-grained memory fragments from seed tokens from queries, then retraces and deep refines the memory via a contribution function. |
| Outcome: | Experiments on eight benchmark datasets show that MemSearch-o1 significantly mitigates memory dilution and more effectively activates reasoning potential of diverse LLMs. |
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| Challenge: | Existing methods to extract relations from distant supervision contain low-quality instances with noisy words and overlapped relations. |
| Approach: | They propose a Regularized Attentive Capsule Network to better identify overlapped relations in informal sentences . they embed multi-head attention into the capsule network as the low-level capsules . |
| Outcome: | Extensive experiments show that the proposed model improves relation extraction. |
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| Challenge: | Mental disorders affect nearly one in seven people worldwide, yet the vast majority do not receive adequate care. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework to evaluate LLMs' ethical knowledge and behavioral responses through multiple-choice and open-ended tasks with fine-grained ethicality annotations. |
| Outcome: | Empirical results across 14 models reveal that refusal rates are poor indicators of ethical behavior, revealing a significant divergence between safety triggers and clinical appropriateness. |
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| Challenge: | Current outcome-centric verification paradigms neglect potential errors in the derivation process. |
| Approach: | They propose a process-aware RLVR training paradigm utilizing verifiers selected via **PRIME**. |
| Outcome: | The proposed approach outperforms the baseline verification paradigm on AIME24, AIME25, and Beyond-AIME models. |
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| Challenge: | Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional capabilities across diverse natural language processing tasks. |
| Approach: | They propose a training-free method for unifying different specialized LLMs into a single model using model-wise and layer-wise pruning and scaling. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method outperforms existing merging techniques and surpasses models fine-tuned on combined datasets in most scenarios. |
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| Challenge: | Existing methods to verify factuality of claims do not provide sufficient evidence for explainable fact-checking systems. |
| Approach: | They propose a method to automatically retrieve and summarize evidence from the Web and a novel multilingual explainable fact-checking dataset on the Russia-Ukraine conflict in 2022. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method can retrieve and summarize evidence from the Web and generate explanations in 16 languages. |
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| Challenge: | Knowledge representation learning is a key step required for link prediction tasks with knowledge graphs (KGs). |
| Approach: | They propose a new embedding approach based on the physical phenomenon of optical interference to reduce the semantic ambiguity in KGs. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model can compete with existing methods on KG benchmarks. |
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| Challenge: | Existing methods focus on graph structure learning or semantic reasoning, lacking the capability to capture the inherent differences between historical and non-historical events. |
| Approach: | They propose a temporal knowledge graph reasoning framework that integrates both structural and semantic information to guide the reasoning process for different events. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework integrates structural and semantic information to predict future events . it can provide evidence for many downstream tasks, including situation analysis and political decision making . |
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| Challenge: | Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) is used as the initialization and reference model for subsequent preference alignment. |
| Approach: | They propose to use RewardRank to estimate initial implicit alignment between reference model and preference objective to ensure LLMs generate safe, helpful, and instruction-aligned content. |
| Outcome: | Empirical evidence shows that using the selected model as reference can gain up to 67.6% relative increase on length-controlled win rate compared to baselines. |
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| Challenge: | Existing multimodal models that depend on encoders like CLIP or ImageBind need ample amounts of training data to bridge modalities. |
| Approach: | They propose an efficient model that leverages bidirectional conditional diffusion model to foster more efficient modality interactions. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model is able to train a projection layer linking an LLM and an adapter to align the LLM’s text space with the bidirectional diffusion model. |
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| Challenge: | Recent advances in training optimization for Transformer-based large language models lack systematic optimization of weight patterns during training. |
| Approach: | They propose a Weight Scaling method that rescales weights while preserving model outputs to improve model training efficiency and model quality. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method significantly improves convergence quality and loss reduction in LLMs with Grouped Query Attention architectures and LoRA fine-tuning tasks. |
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| Challenge: | Existing approaches focus on diagnostic reasoning based on internal model knowledge or static knowledge bases. |
| Approach: | They propose a two-stage diagnostic reasoning framework that integrates multi-perspective evidence to generate a diagnostic prediction. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method generates suspected diagnoses and reasoning traces from web search, SOAP-formatted case, and clinical case database. |
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| Challenge: | Currently, Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) is the prevailing method for equipping Large Language Models (LLMs) with function calling capabilities, but its effectiveness is often compromised by two challenges: 1) lengthy Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning tokens dominate training signals over concise function calls in the learning objective; 2) scarcity of hard training examples. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework that uses a self-adjusted signal balancing loss and a hard data re-sampling strategy to selectively generate new, high-quality complex data guided by model errors. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework surpasses state-of-the-art models like GPT-5 in function calling performance. |
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| Challenge: | Rapid growth of Multi-modality Large Language Models has led to significant redundancy among benchmarks. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework to improve MLLM benchmark design by identifying redundancy at three levels: dimension, instance, and cross-benchmark redundancies. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework streamlines evaluations and enhances reliability. |
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| Challenge: | Existing table benchmarks lack the capacity to adequately assess the practical application of table reasoning in industrial applications. |
| Approach: | They propose a bilingual table-to-report task and a table-based benchmark to assess the quality of table reasoning. |
| Outcome: | The proposed task is based on a bilingual benchmark with 457 industrial tables and evaluation criteria to measure the quality of report generation. |
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| Challenge: | Existing agent benchmarks fail to evaluate an agent's real-world capacity to handle CAPTCHA . Existing benchmarks ignore this practical challenge, failing to evaluate agents' ability to handle complex visual CAPTchas. |
| Approach: | They propose a benchmark annotated with Weighted Pass Rate and a new metric to measure agent's ability to handle CAPTCHA. |
| Outcome: | The proposed benchmark outperforms current state-of-the-art closed-source models on mirrorCAPTCHA and achieves 9.4% higher average weighted pass rate and 2.13% higher average Completion degree. |
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| Challenge: | Existing attacks on LLM reasoning are constrained by specific settings or lack of imperceptibility, limiting their feasibility and generalizability. |
| Approach: | They propose a stepwise rEasoning error disruption attack that subtly injects errors into prior reasoning steps to mislead the model into producing incorrect subsequent reasoning and final answers. |
| Outcome: | The proposed attack is compatible with zero-shot and few-shot settings, maintains the natural reasoning flow, and ensures covert execution without modification of the instruction. |
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| Challenge: | Psychotic disorders are a major contributor to the global health burden due to their relatively high mortality risk. |
| Approach: | They propose an NLP pipeline that takes semi-structured clinical interviews to predict psychosis risk and generate novel SHAP explanation formats. |
| Outcome: | The proposed pipeline outperforms baseline models and achieves 90% accuracy across three BERT variants. |
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| Challenge: | Interpretative audiobooks are becoming more popular, but their manual creation process remains time-consuming and resource-intensive. |
| Approach: | They propose a multi-agent collaboration system that leverages large language models and speech synthesis technology to generate podcast-like audiobook interpretations. |
| Outcome: | The proposed system is open source and open to the public. |
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| Challenge: | Knowledge graph completion (KGC) is a widely used method to tackle incompleteness in knowledge graphs (KGs). |
| Approach: | They propose a general framework to compensate for the deficiency of contextualized knowledge by querying large language models from various perspectives. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework improves knowledge graph completion (KGC) by querying large language models from various perspectives. |
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| Challenge: | Despite advances in aligning LLMs with human values, current safety mechanisms remain vulnerable to jailbreak attacks. |
| Approach: | They propose a black-box jailbreak method that uses logical expression translation to bypass LLM safety mechanisms. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method exploits the distributional gap between alignment data and logic-expressed inputs while preserving the underlying semantic intent and readability while evading safety constraints. |
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| Challenge: | Existing approaches to multi-hop question answering lack effective control over reasoning paths, leading to astray results. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework for multi-hop question answering that trains an end-to-end reasoning path navigator to provide a powerful sub-question decomposer by fine-tuning the Llama3.1-8B model. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework trains an end-to-end reasoning path navigator . it is able to provide a powerful sub-question decomposer by fine-tuning the Llama3.1-8B model . |
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| Challenge: | Existing open-source multi-modal large language models (MLLMs) focus on enhancing foundational capabilities, leaving a significant gap in human preference alignment. |
| Approach: | They propose a dataset of 200K high-quality training samples featuring diverse images, complex questions, and varied response formats to improve MLLMs’ alignment with human preferences. |
| Outcome: | The proposed dataset of 200K high-quality training samples improves human preference alignment while maintaining or enhancing performance on standard VQA benchmarks. |