Papers with CTR
CREATER: CTR-driven Advertising Text Generation with Controlled Pre-Training and Contrastive Fine-Tuning (2022.naacl-industry)
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| Challenge: | a paper focuses on automatically generating the text of an ad to capture user interest for achieving higher click-through rate. |
| Approach: | They propose a CTR-driven advertising text generation approach to generate ad texts based on user reviews. |
| Outcome: | The proposed approach outperforms existing approaches on industrial datasets and on large-scale unpaired reviews. |
Self-supervised Product Title Rewrite for Product Listing Ads (2022.naacl-industry)
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| Challenge: | Existing work has investigated the title optimization for Product Listing Ads (PLAs) however, little work has examined the effectiveness of this method. |
| Approach: | They propose a method to rewrite product listing ads titles without considering the fluency and information priority. |
| Outcome: | The proposed solution reduces the cost and improves CTR in the offline test and real-world online test by a large amount. |
Enhancing Talent Search Ranking with Role-Aware Expert Mixtures and LLM-based Fine-Grained Job Descriptions (2025.emnlp-industry)
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| Challenge: | Existing talent search approaches fail to capture nuanced job-specific preferences and mitigate noise from subjective human judgments. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework that extracts fine-grained recruitment signals from job descriptions and historical hiring data and employs a role-aware multi-gate MoE network to capture behavioral differences across recruiter roles. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework improves talent search effectiveness and delivers substantial business value. |
Language Scaling for Universal Suggested Replies Model (2021.naacl-industry)
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Qianlan Ying, Payal Bajaj, Budhaditya Deb, Yu Yang, Wei Wang, Bojia Lin, Milad Shokouhi, Xia Song, Yang Yang, Daxin Jiang
| Challenge: | We consider scaling automated suggested replies (SR) to multiple languages for a commercial email application. |
| Approach: | They propose a multi-lingual multi-task continual learning framework with auxiliary tasks and language adapters to train universal language representation across regions. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model reduces catastrophic forgetting and improves cross-lingual transfer across languages while reducing training costs. |
From Short Video to Clickable Search: RLVR-Enabled Listwise Query Suggestion with Retrieval-Augmented Context (2026.acl-industry)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods to generate short-video bottom-bar queries are largely retrieval-based. |
| Approach: | They propose to reformulate the task as one-shot list generation, producing multiple queries per video . they also build multi-query ground truth from exposure and CTR logs, and redesign offline evaluation . |
| Outcome: | The proposed system yields strong offline and online improvements . it is deployed on Kuaishou to serve hundreds of millions of users daily . |
Proactive Guidance of Multi-Turn Conversation in Industrial Search (2025.acl-industry)
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| Challenge: | Large Language Models (LLMs) have advanced multi-turn conversation systems, emphasizing the need for proactive guidance to enhance users’ interactions. |
| Approach: | They propose a goal-adaptive supervised fine-tuning framework that generates proactive guidance for users to click for the next turn of the conversation. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework achieves 86.10% accuracy in offline evaluation (+23.95% over baseline) and 25.28% CTR in online deployment (149.06% relative improvement). |
PLATO-Ad: A Unified Advertisement Text Generation Framework with Multi-Task Prompt Learning (2022.emnlp-industry)
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Zeyang Lei, Chao Zhang, Xinchao Xu, Wenquan Wu, Zheng-yu Niu, Hua Wu, Haifeng Wang, Yi Yang, Shuanglong Li
| Challenge: | Online advertisement text generation models have achieved remarkable success in generating high-quality text ads, but some challenges remain, such as low-resource scenarios and training efficiency for multiple ad tasks. |
| Approach: | They propose a unified text ad generation framework with multi-task prompt learning to tackle low-resource ade generation problem and a multi-step prompt learning mechanism to efficiently solve multiple aed generation tasks. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework outperforms the state-of-the-art on offline and online metrics. |
MotiR: Motivation-aware Retrieval for Long-Tail Recommendation (2025.acl-industry)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods for retrieval of recommendation systems rely on collaborative filtering signals and lacks similarity for long-tail items. |
| Approach: | They propose a Motivation-aware Retrieval for Long-Tail Recommendation that integrates purchase motivations with traditional item features to capture similarity among long-tail items. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model captures similarity between long-tail items while maintaining collaborative filtering advantages for popular items. |
DIRECT: Directional Relevance in Conversational Trajectories (2026.eacl-industry)
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| Challenge: | Conversational Agents (Agents) often fail to understand how to start a conversation or what to ask next . a novel approach to recommending highly relevant follow-up question suggestions is proposed . |
| Approach: | They propose a method to recommend highly relevant follow-up question suggestions . they use offline QBs to fetch the most-relevant candidate questions . |
| Outcome: | The proposed system produces a ranked list of highly relevant follow-up question recommendations within 1 sec. |
HierDiffuse: Progressive Diffusion for Robust Interest Fusion in CTR Prediction (2025.emnlp-industry)
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Ziheng Ni, Congcong Liu, Yuying Chen, Zhiwei Fang, Changping Peng, Zhangang Lin, Ching Law, Jingping Shao
| Challenge: | Existing approaches fuse long-term behavioral profiles and short-term interactions, suffering from representational misalignment and noise in transient signals. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework that redefines interest fusion as a hierarchical denoising process through diffusion models. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework redefines interest fusion as a hierarchical denoising process through diffusion models. |
Consistency-Aware Online Multi-Objective Alignment for Related Search Query Generation (2025.acl-industry)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods fail to reconcile click-through rate (CTR) optimization with topic expansion. |
| Approach: | They propose a query generation framework that aligns click-through rate and topic expansion goals through an online DPO paradigm. |
| Outcome: | The proposed approach achieves significant CTR gains (+2.3%) and higher human-rated query quality compared to state-of-the-art methods. |
ReList: A Multi-objective Reasoning Framework for Diversified Listwise Query Recommendation (2026.acl-industry)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods for related search have limited semantic redundancy and wasted retrieval quota . generative retrieval approaches lack explicit reasoning, relying on superficial click-through rate rewards . |
| Approach: | They propose a framework that transforms related search into a reasoning-enhanced listwise generation task. |
| Outcome: | Experimental results show that ReList outperforms state-of-the-art methods in query diversity and user engagement. |
Index-Time Prefix Injection for Multi-Tenant Retrieval: Improving Search Relevance Without Model Fine-Tuning (2026.acl-industry)
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| Challenge: | a single multilingual biencoder handles all retrieval, but these are task-generic and domain-agnostic. |
| Approach: | They propose a training-free method that prepending domain-descriptive prefixes to documents during indexing. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method improves retrieval relevance by prepending natural-language prefixes to documents during indexing. |
CTR-Guided Generative Query Suggestion in Conversational Search (2025.emnlp-industry)
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Erxue Min, Hsiu-Yuan Huang, Xihong Yang, Min Yang, Xin Jia, Yunfang Wu, Hengyi Cai, Junfeng Wang, Shuaiqiang Wang, Dawei Yin
| Challenge: | Generating effective query suggestions requires aligning model outputs with user click preferences. |
| Approach: | They propose a generative framework that leverages click modeling to denoise implicit feedback and enables reliable preference optimization for improving real-world user engagement. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework outperforms strong baselines in CTR, relevance, diversity and diversity. |
Generative Explore-Exploit: Training-free Optimization of Generative Recommender Systems using LLM Optimizers (2024.acl-long)
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Lütfi Kerem Senel, Besnik Fetahu, Davis Yoshida, Zhiyu Chen, Giuseppe Castellucci, Nikhita Vedula, Jason Ingyu Choi, Shervin Malmasi
| Challenge: | Large Language Models (LLMs) have given rise to generative recommenders . however, improving the generated content through user feedback is prohibitively expensive . |
| Approach: | They propose a generative explore-exploit method that exploits items with high engagement and actively explores hidden population preferences to improve recommendation quality. |
| Outcome: | The proposed approach exploits items with high engagement and actively explores hidden population preferences to improve recommendation quality. |
CodeReviewQA: The Code Review Comprehension Assessment for Large Language Models (2025.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | State-of-the-art large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive code generation capabilities but struggle with real-world software engineering tasks such as revising source code to address code reviews. |
| Approach: | They propose a benchmark to evaluate large language models' ability to bridge both technical and conversational contexts by decomposing the generation task of code refinement into three essential reasoning steps. |
| Outcome: | The proposed benchmark exposes specific model weaknesses in code review comprehension disentangled from their generative automated code refinement results. |
Don’t Add, don’t Miss: Effective Content Preserving Generation from Pre-Selected Text Spans (2023.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | Existing CTR models are mediocre and lack reliable performance . authors propose an explicit decomposition of these two subtasks into a single task . |
| Approach: | They propose an isolated task that challenges models to generate coherent text conforming to pre-selected content within the input text ("highlights") authors propose a high-quality, open-source CTR model that tackles two prior key limitations: inadequate enforcement of the content-preservation constraint, and suboptimal silver training data. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model significantly improves silver training data quality over the existing model, with up to 30 ROUGE-L points. |
NLI4CT: Multi-Evidence Natural Language Inference for Clinical Trial Reports (2023.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Clinical trial reports (CTRs) are indispensable for the development of personalized medicine. |
| Approach: | They propose a resource to help researchers interpret clinical trial reports . they use natural language inference to compute textual entailment . |
| Outcome: | The proposed resource is the first to cover interpretation of full clinical trial reports . it includes tasks to determine inference relation between natural language statements and CTRs . |
The Efficiency vs. Accuracy Trade-off: Optimizing RAG-Enhanced LLM Recommender Systems Using Multi-Head Early Exit (2025.acl-long)
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Huixue Zhou, Hengrui Gu, Zaifu Zhan, Xi Liu, Kaixiong Zhou, Yongkang Xiao, Mingfu Liang, Srinivas Prasad Govindan, Piyush Chawla, Jiyan Yang, Xiangfei Meng, Huayu Li, Buyun Zhang, Liang Luo, Wen-Yen Chen, Yiping Han, Bo Long, Rui Zhang, Tianlong Chen
| Challenge: | Existing frameworks for Large Language Models (LLMs) for Click-Through Rate prediction require a careful balance between computational efficiency and predictive accuracy. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework that integrates Retrieval-Augmented Generation with a novel multi-head early exit architecture to address both challenges. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework reduces retrieval time while maintaining high model performance. |
DiaLLMs: EHR-Enhanced Clinical Conversational System for Clinical Test Recommendation and Diagnosis Prediction (2025.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Existing medical LLMs focus primarily on diagnosis recommendation, limiting their clinical applicability. |
| Approach: | They propose a medical LLM that integrates heterogeneous EHR data into clinically grounded dialogues. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms baselines in clinical test recommendation and diagnosis prediction. |
A Constrained Text Revision Agent via Iterative Planning and Searching (2025.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Existing text revision systems are capable of generating fluent and coherent text, but struggle with constrained text revision (CTR). |
| Approach: | They propose a tool that generates revisions tailored to different scenarios using a planner, a reviser and adaptable tools. |
| Outcome: | The proposed agent outperforms baseline approaches in both constraint adherence and revision quality. |
Towards Robust Temporal Activity Localization Learning with Noisy Labels (2024.lrec-main)
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Daizong Liu, Xiaoye Qu, Xiang Fang, Jianfeng Dong, Pan Zhou, Guoshun Nan, Keke Tang, Wanlong Fang, Yu Cheng
| Challenge: | Existing methods for temporal activity localization are expensive and difficult to satisfy due to subjective labeling. |
| Approach: | They propose a new TAL setting where a TAL model should be robust to mixed training data with noisy moment boundaries. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method is significantly more robust to noisy training data than existing methods. |
Real-time Ad Retrieval via LLM-generative Commercial Intention for Sponsored Search Advertising (2025.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods for retrieving documents and ads use one-to-few mappings and time-consuming content extraction. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework that leverages LLM-generated commercial intents as an intermediate semantic representation to directly retrieve ads for queries in real-time. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework has been implemented in a real-world online system, handling daily search volumes in billions. |