Papers by Xiaofeng Yang

16 papers
Knowledge-Empowered Representation Learning for Chinese Medical Reading Comprehension: Task, Model and Resources (2021.findings-acl)

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Challenge: MRC is a popular task in NLP, aiming to understand a passage and answer the relevant questions.
Approach: They propose a multi-target machine learning task for the medical domain that predicts answers to medical questions and corresponding support sentences from medical information sources simultaneously.
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms baselines by fusing context-aware and knowledge-awful token representations.
HELENE: Hessian Layer-wise Clipping and Gradient Annealing for Accelerating Fine-tuning LLM with Zeroth-order Optimization (2025.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Large language models (LLMs) face memory challenges due to the high cost of backpropagation.
Approach: They propose a zeroth-order (ZO) optimization that matches memory usage to inference . they propose scalable and memory-efficient zeroth order (ZE) optimizer that integrates annealed A-GNB gradients with diagonal Hessian estimation and layer-wise clipping as a second-order pre-conditioner.
Outcome: The proposed algorithm outperforms state-of-the-art methods with an average speedup of 20 over MeZO on RoBERTa-large and OPT-1.3B.
Enhancing Speech Large Language Models with Prompt-Aware Mixture of Audio Encoders (2025.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Existing work on integrating audio encoders with large language models (LLMs) has focused on semantic understanding tasks, but different tasks may require distinct features that emphasize either semantic or acoustic aspects.
Approach: They propose to use a prompt-aware mixture to enhance the Speech LLM that uses multiple audio encoders to extract different features based on the prompt.
Outcome: The proposed approach outperforms all single-encoder Speech LLMs on ASR, speaker number verification, and AC tasks.
MCS: An In-battle Commentary System for MOBA Games (2022.coling-1)

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Challenge: In-battle commentary is an important component of live streaming of e-sports competitions and is applicable to a wide range of scenarios like combat information analysis and live streaming.
Approach: They propose a generative system for in-battle real-time commentary in mobile MOBA games and propose 'transform' method to convert match statistics and utterances into consistent encoding space.
Outcome: The proposed system is based on real-time match statistics and events and can be used for live streaming, e-sports commentary and combat information analysis.
Beyond Static Evaluation: A Dynamic Approach to Assessing AI Assistants’ API Invocation Capabilities (2024.lrec-main)

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Challenge: Existing evaluation methods for human-machine interactions are static and can be misleading.
Approach: They propose to use a LLM-based user agent to assess an assistant's API call capability without human involvement.
Outcome: The proposed method mirrors real human conversation patterns in human-machine interactions, and shows that it aligns more closely with human assessment.
Clustering and Ranking: Diversity-preserved Instruction Selection through Expert-aligned Quality Estimation (2024.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Existing methods for instruction data selection have limitations such as relying on fragile external APIs, being affected by biases in GPT models, or reducing the diversity of the selected instruction dataset.
Approach: They propose an industrial-friendly, expert-aligned and diversity-preserved instruction data selection method: Clustering and Ranking (CaR).
Outcome: The proposed method outperforms Alpaca's existing methods by 32.1% in GPT-4 evaluations.
Logical Consistency is Vital: Neural-Symbolic Information Retrieval for Negative-Constraint Queries (2025.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Current dense retrieval methods compute similarities between dense vectors but overlook the real query intents.
Approach: They propose a neuro-symbolic information retrieval method that leverages first-order logic to optimize the embeddings of naive natural language by considering the logical consistency between queries and documents.
Outcome: The proposed method outperforms existing methods on negative-constraint queries under zero-shot and low-resource retrieval tasks.
VarMAE: Pre-training of Variational Masked Autoencoder for Domain-adaptive Language Understanding (2022.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Pre-trained language models have been widely applied to standard benchmarks due to the limited resources available in a domain.
Approach: They propose a Transformer-based language model called VarMAE for domain-adaptive language understanding that encodes the context of a token into a smooth latent distribution.
Outcome: Experiments on science- and finance-domain NLU tasks show that the proposed model can be efficiently adapted to new domains with limited resources.
Fundamental Capabilities of Large Language Models and their Applications in Domain Scenarios: A Survey (2024.acl-long)

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Challenge: Existing benchmark-based evaluations cannot accurately reflect the performance of real-world applications.
Approach: They propose a reliable strategy for domains to choose more robust LLMs for real-world applications.
Outcome: The proposed strategy addresses the challenges faced by domains to choose more robust LLMs for real-world applications.
DoCIA: An Online Document-Level Context Incorporation Agent for Speech Translation (2025.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Document-level context is crucial for speech translation due to noise from ASR . incorporating document-level contextual information into ST remains a challenge .
Approach: They develop an online framework that integrates document-level context into machine translation . they use document-based modules to integrate document- level context into ST .
Outcome: The proposed framework outperforms baselines in sentence and discourse metrics . it can correct ASR transcription errors and improve translation performance .
Diffusion-CAM: Faithful Visual Explanations for dMLLMs (2026.acl-long)

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Challenge: Existing Class Activation Mapping methods are ill-suited for interpreting non-autoregressive behaviors of diffusion-based architectures.
Approach: They propose to use a method to generate parallel activation maps by probing intermediate representations in the transformer backbone to capture latent features and their class-specific gradients.
Outcome: Experiments show that Diffusion-CAM significantly outperforms SoTA methods in localization accuracy and visual fidelity.
Interpretable User Satisfaction Estimation for Conversational Systems with Large Language Models (2024.acl-long)

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Challenge: Existing approaches to user satisfaction estimation are hard to interpret and lack generalizable patterns.
Approach: They propose to use supervised prompting to extract interpretable user satisfaction signals from natural language utterances to tailor an LLM to USE using labeled examples.
Outcome: The proposed method extracts interpretable signals of user satisfaction from natural language utterances more effectively than embedding-based approaches.
SMedBERT: A Knowledge-Enhanced Pre-trained Language Model with Structured Semantics for Medical Text Mining (2021.acl-long)

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Challenge: Existing knowledge-based PLMs are based on linked-entity information, but they only use linked-enemy information as auxiliary information.
Approach: They propose to integrate semantic knowledge from neighbours of linked-entity into a medical PLM that integrates heterogeneous-entities into the homogeneously neighbouring entity structure.
Outcome: Experiments show that SMedBERT outperforms baselines in knowledge-intensive Chinese medical tasks.
Group Preference Alignment: Customizing LLM Responses from In-Situ Conversations Only When Needed (2025.emnlp-industry)

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Challenge: Existing methods for group-aware adaptation capture divergent preferences from real-world conversation logs into interpretable rubrics.
Approach: They propose a group-aware personalization framework that captures context-specific preferences and steers LLMs accordingly.
Outcome: The proposed framework improves group alignment without compromising perfomance on benchmarks.
WildFeedback: Aligning LLMs With In-situ User Interactions And Feedback (2026.acl-long)

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Challenge: Traditional alignment methods rely on human annotations and are subjective and misalignment with real-world user preferences.
Approach: They propose a framework that leverages in-situ user feedback during conversations with LLMs to create preference datasets automatically.
Outcome: The proposed framework identifies and classifies user feedback to LLM responses between conversation turns and creates examples of preferred and dispreferred responses according to user preferences.
GenTool: Enhancing Tool Generalization in Language Models through Zero-to-One and Weak-to-Strong Simulation (2025.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Large Language Models (LLMs) can expand their capabilities by integrating external tools.
Approach: They propose a training framework that prepares LLMs for diverse generalization challenges in tool utilization.
Outcome: The proposed framework improves the tool-usage capabilities of LLMs by up to 8B parameters, surpassing GPT-4o.

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