Papers by Le Huang
Symbol tuning improves in-context learning in language models (2023.emnlp-main)
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Jerry Wei, Le Hou, Andrew Lampinen, Xiangning Chen, Da Huang, Yi Tay, Xinyun Chen, Yifeng Lu, Denny Zhou, Tengyu Ma, Quoc Le
| Challenge: | Language models are sensitive to the way that prompts are given, indicating that they are not reasoning in a robust manner. |
| Approach: | They propose to fine tune language models on in-context input-label pairs where natural language labels are replaced with arbitrary symbols. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model is much stronger at reasoning tasks and more robust to underspecified prompts than the standard model. |
Youling: an AI-assisted Lyrics Creation System (2020.emnlp-demos)
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Rongsheng Zhang, Xiaoxi Mao, Le Li, Lin Jiang, Lin Chen, Zhiwei Hu, Yadong Xi, Changjie Fan, Minlie Huang
| Challenge: | Recent studies have focused on a single pass of lyrics generation with little human intervention. |
| Approach: | They propose an AI-assisted lyrics creation system that supports one pass full-text generation and interactive generation modes. |
| Outcome: | The proposed system supports full-text generation and interactive generation modes . it also provides a revision module which enables users to revise undesired lyrics repeatedly. |
Interpretable Composition Attribution Enhancement for Visio-linguistic Compositional Understanding (2024.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Despite promising progress, vision-language models still exhibit significant challenges in understanding visio-linguistic concepts beyond object terms. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework that encourages the model to pay greater attention to composition words denoting relationships and attributes within the text. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework improves the ability to discern intricate details and construct more sophisticated interpretations of combined visual and linguistic elements. |
Visual Evidence Prompting Mitigates Hallucinations in Large Vision-Language Models (2025.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | LVLMs have shown impressive progress by integrating visual perception with linguistic understanding to produce contextually grounded outputs. |
| Approach: | They propose a visual evidence prompting method to mitigate hallucinations in large vision-language models by using small visual models to complement them. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method reduces hallucinations by reducing false activation and enhancing correct ones. |
ProtLLM: An Interleaved Protein-Language LLM with Protein-as-Word Pre-Training (2024.acl-long)
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Le Zhuo, Zewen Chi, Minghao Xu, Heyan Huang, Jianan Zhao, Heqi Zheng, Conghui He, Xian-Ling Mao, Wentao Zhang
| Challenge: | Experimental results demonstrate that ProtLLM achieves superior performance against protein-specialized baselines on protein-centric tasks and induces zero-shot and in-context learning capabilities on protein language tasks. |
| Approach: | They propose a cross-modal large language model (LLM) that can handle protein-centric and protein-language tasks by using a dynamic protein mounting mechanism. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model can predict proteins from a vast pool of candidates and can also predict natural language and biological papers. |
RMTBench: Benchmarking LLMs Through Multi-Turn User-Centric Role-Playing (2025.findings-emnlp)
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Hao Xiang, Tianyi Tang, Yang Su, Bowen Yu, An Yang, Fei Huang, Yichang Zhang, Yaojie Lu, Hongyu Lin, Xianpei Han, Jingren Zhou, Junyang Lin, Le Sun
| Challenge: | Existing benchmarks focus on character-centric approach and fail to reflect real-world applications. |
| Approach: | RMTBench is a user-centric bilingual role-playing benchmark featuring 80 diverse characters and over 8,000 dialogue rounds. |
| Outcome: | RMTBench features 80 diverse characters and over 8,000 dialogue rounds. |
Outcome Accuracy is Not Enough: Aligning the Reasoning Process of Reward Models (2026.acl-long)
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Binghai Wang, Yantao Liu, Yuxuan Liu, Tianyi Tang, Shenzhi Wang, Chang Gao, Chujie Zheng, Yichang Zhang, Le Yu, Shixuan Liu, Tao Gui, Qi Zhang, Xuanjing Huang, Bowen Yu, Fei Huang, Junyang Lin
| Challenge: | Recent studies observe a phenomenon where reward models achieve high accuracy on static datasets but fail to generalize effectively during RLHF. |
| Approach: | They propose a method that combines rationale consistency with outcome accuracy to improve performance on RM-Bench and JudgeBench. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method surpasses baselines on RM-Bench and JudgeBench by an average of 5% and improves creative writing tasks by 7%. |
DeepSolution: Boosting Complex Engineering Solution Design via Tree-based Exploration and Bi-point Thinking (2025.acl-long)
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Zhuoqun Li, Haiyang Yu, Xuanang Chen, Hongyu Lin, Yaojie Lu, Fei Huang, Xianpei Han, Yongbin Li, Le Sun
| Challenge: | Existing studies in retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) do not sufficiently address the design of complex engineering solutions. |
| Approach: | They propose a retrieval-augmented generation system that leverages tree-based exploration and bi-point thinking mechanism to generate reliable solutions. |
| Outcome: | Experiments show that the proposed system achieves state-of-the-art (SOTA) performance on the SolutionBench, highlighting its potential to enhance the automation and reliability of complex engineering solution design in real-world applications. |
Focus on What Matters: Enhancing Medical Vision-Language Models with Automatic Attention Alignment Tuning (2025.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods rely on inference-time interventions, which are limited in attention adaptation or require additional supervision. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework for automatic attention alignment tuning that leverages weak labels from SAM and selectively modifies visually-critical attention heads to improve alignment while minimizing interference. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework outperforms state-of-the-art models on medical VQA and report generation benchmarks. |
Interpret and Improve In-Context Learning via the Lens of Input-Label Mappings (2025.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Large language models excel at downstream NLP tasks through in-context learning . however, the internal mechanisms behind ICL remain under-explored . |
| Approach: | They propose a PC patching approach to identify modules where input-label mappings function . they observe and verify that key heads utilize input-labeled mappings to generate target labels for new queries. |
| Outcome: | The proposed approach detects modules where input-label mappings function . it also detects that key heads use the mappings to generate labels for new queries . |
Large Language Models Can Self-Improve (2023.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Large Language Models (LLMs) have excellent performance in various tasks, but fine-tuning requires extensive supervision. |
| Approach: | They propose to use a pre-trained Large Language Model to generate rationale-augmented answers for unlabeled questions and fine-tune the LLM using those self-generated solutions as target outputs. |
| Outcome: | The proposed approach improves the general reasoning ability of a 540B-parameter LLM without any ground truth label. |
Pretraining Language Models with Text-Attributed Heterogeneous Graphs (2023.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | Existing pretraining tasks for Language Models (LMs) focus on learning the textual information of each entity and overlook the crucial aspect of capturing topological connections among entities in TAHGs. |
| Approach: | They propose a topology-aware pretraining task that explicitly considers the topological and heterogeneous information in TAHGs by optimizing an LM and an auxiliary heterogenous graph neural network. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework explicitly considers the topological and heterogeneous information in TAHGs. |
Joint Audio/Text Training for Transformer Rescorer of Streaming Speech Recognition (2022.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | Recent studies have shown that streaming end-to-end speech recognition models suffer from higher word error rates (WER) compared to non-streaming models, streaming endto-ended ASR models are limited to short audio context or not use future context to satisfy low latency constraints. |
| Approach: | They propose a 2nd-pass rescoring model on top of the 1st-pass streaming model to improve recognition accuracy while keeping latency low. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method improves word error rate significantly compared to the existing model without adding any additional parameters or latency. |
ClaimLens: Automated, Explainable Fact-Checking on Voting Claims Using Frame-Semantics (2024.emnlp-demo)
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| Challenge: | Existing fact-checking solutions lack transparency and explainability . a lack of transparency can make it difficult for users to trust and understand the reasoning behind the outcomes. |
| Approach: | They propose an automated fact-checking system focused on voting-related factual claims that leverages frame-semantic parsing to provide structured and interpretable fact verification. |
| Outcome: | The proposed system can extract relevant information from voting-related factual claims using public records and Vote semantic frame. |
KuiLeiXi: a Chinese Open-Ended Text Adventure Game (2021.acl-demo)
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Yadong Xi, Xiaoxi Mao, Le Li, Lei Lin, Yanjiang Chen, Shuhan Yang, Xuhan Chen, Kailun Tao, Zhi Li, Gongzheng Li, Lin Jiang, Siyan Liu, Zeng Zhao, Minlie Huang, Changjie Fan, Zhipeng Hu
| Challenge: | Recent advances in pre-trained language models have made it possible to generate human-like text. |
| Approach: | They propose to integrate an open-ended text adventure game in Chinese, named KuiLeiXi, where players interact with the AI until the plot goals are reached. |
| Outcome: | The proposed game lacks incentives and relies on players to explore on their own. |
DuIVRS-2: An LLM-based Interactive Voice Response System for Large-scale POI Attribute Acquisition (2026.acl-industry)
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| Challenge: | Accurate Point of Interest (POI) attribute acquisition is essential for location-based services, yet traditional IVR systems suffer from error accumulation and high maintenance overhead. |
| Approach: | They propose a large language model-based framework for large-scale POI attribute acquisition at Baidu Maps. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework outperforms existing IVR systems in 83.9% task success rate while maintaining a low reaction time of 130ms. |