Papers by Zewen Chi
FlashBack: Efficient Retrieval-Augmented Language Modeling for Fast Inference (2025.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Retrieval-Augmented Language Modeling (RALM) is a popular approach for large language models. |
| Approach: | They propose a modular RALM that integrates large language models with documents from an external corpus to improve inference efficiency. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method improves inference efficiency with appending context pattern while maintaining decent performance after fine-tuning by Low-Rank Adaption. |
ET5: A Novel End-to-end Framework for Conversational Machine Reading Comprehension (2022.coling-1)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods require three steps to understand text, but span extraction and question rephrasing steps are not fully exploited. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework for conversational machine reading comprehension based on shared parameter mechanism . experimental results show the proposed framework achieves new state-of-the-art results on the ShARC leaderboard . |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework achieves state-of-the-art on the ShARC leaderboard with the BLEU-4 score of 55.2. |
Cross-Lingual Phrase Retrieval (2022.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Existing approaches to cross-lingual phrase retrieval learn word or sentence representations in word or sentences. |
| Approach: | They propose a cross-lingual phrase retrieval model that extracts phrase representations from unlabeled example sentences. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms state-of-the-art methods on a large-scale cross-lingual phrase retrieval dataset, showing it can perform in an unseen language pair during training. |
XLM-E: Cross-lingual Language Model Pre-training via ELECTRA (2022.acl-long)
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Zewen Chi, Shaohan Huang, Li Dong, Shuming Ma, Bo Zheng, Saksham Singhal, Payal Bajaj, Xia Song, Xian-Ling Mao, Heyan Huang, Furu Wei
| Challenge: | ELECTRA-style tasks are used to pretrain cross-lingual models for NLP tasks . masked language modeling tasks require massive computation resources, rendering such models quite expensive . |
| Approach: | They propose to use ELECTRA-style tasks to pre-train a cross-lingual language model . they propose to pretrain the model on multilingual and parallel corpora . |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms baseline models on cross-lingual understanding tasks with much less computation cost. |
Can Monolingual Pretrained Models Help Cross-Lingual Classification? (2020.aacl-main)
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| Challenge: | Multilingual pretrained language models have shown impressive results for cross-lingual transfer, but due to the constant model capacity, multilingual pre-training usually lags behind the monolingual competitors. |
| Approach: | They propose to transfer the knowledge from monolingual pretrained models to multilingual ones to improve zero-shot cross-lingual classification by using machine translation systems. |
| Outcome: | The proposed methods outperform vanilla multilingual fine-tuning on two cross-lingual classification benchmarks. |
ProtLLM: An Interleaved Protein-Language LLM with Protein-as-Word Pre-Training (2024.acl-long)
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Le Zhuo, Zewen Chi, Minghao Xu, Heyan Huang, Jianan Zhao, Heqi Zheng, Conghui He, Xian-Ling Mao, Wentao Zhang
| Challenge: | Experimental results demonstrate that ProtLLM achieves superior performance against protein-specialized baselines on protein-centric tasks and induces zero-shot and in-context learning capabilities on protein language tasks. |
| Approach: | They propose a cross-modal large language model (LLM) that can handle protein-centric and protein-language tasks by using a dynamic protein mounting mechanism. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model can predict proteins from a vast pool of candidates and can also predict natural language and biological papers. |
mT6: Multilingual Pretrained Text-to-Text Transformer with Translation Pairs (2021.emnlp-main)
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Zewen Chi, Li Dong, Shuming Ma, Shaohan Huang, Saksham Singhal, Xian-Ling Mao, Heyan Huang, Xia Song, Furu Wei
| Challenge: | Multilingual T5 pretrains a sequence-to-sequence model on monolingual texts, but it has shown promising results on many cross-lingual tasks. |
| Approach: | They propose a partially non-autoregressive objective for text-to-text pre-training and propose mT6 to improve cross-lingual transferability over multilingual T5. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model improves cross-lingual transferability over existing models. |
Bridging The Gap: Entailment Fused-T5 for Open-retrieval Conversational Machine Reading Comprehension (2023.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Open-retrieval conversational machine reading comprehension (OCMRC) simulates real-life conversation scenes. |
| Approach: | They propose a one-stage end-to-end framework to bridge the information gap between decision-making and question generation in a global understanding manner. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework achieves new state-of-the-art performance on the OR-ShARC benchmark. |
Can Cross-Lingual Transferability of Multilingual Transformers Be Activated Without End-Task Data? (2023.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods for cross-lingual transfer learning cannot activate cross-linguistic transferability when end-task data are unavailable. |
| Approach: | They propose a cross-lingual transfer method that disassembles multilingual Transformers into sub-modules and reassembles them to be the multilingual end-task model. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method activates the cross-lingual transferability of multilingual Transformers without accessing end-task data. |
Towards Stable and Effective Reinforcement Learning for Mixture-of-Experts (2026.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) training with Mixture-of-Experts policies remains fragile and prone to reward collapse. |
| Approach: | They propose a router shift-based policy optimization method that computes a per-token router-shift ratio conditioned on the previously activated experts and applies stop-gradient and a lower-bound floor. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method achieves better performance and greater stability than previous methods. |
Beyond English-Centric Bitexts for Better Multilingual Language Representation Learning (2023.acl-long)
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Barun Patra, Saksham Singhal, Shaohan Huang, Zewen Chi, Li Dong, Furu Wei, Vishrav Chaudhary, Xia Song
| Challenge: | XY-LENT: X-Y bitext enhanced Language ENcodings achieves state-of-the-art performance over 5 cross-lingual tasks within all model size bands. |
| Approach: | They propose a method for building multilingual representation models that are competitive with existing models and more parameter efficient. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms XLM-R XXL and is 5x and 6x smaller respectively. |
Consistency Regularization for Cross-Lingual Fine-Tuning (2021.acl-long)
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Bo Zheng, Li Dong, Shaohan Huang, Wenhui Wang, Zewen Chi, Saksham Singhal, Wanxiang Che, Ting Liu, Xia Song, Furu Wei
| Challenge: | Experimental results show that consistency regularization improves cross-lingual fine-tuning . pre-trained cross-linguistic models can transfer task-specific supervision from one language to the other . |
| Approach: | They propose to improve cross-lingual fine-tuning with consistency regularization . they use example consistency regularized to penalize prediction sensitivity to four types of data augmentations . |
| Outcome: | The proposed method improves cross-lingual fine-tuning across tasks . it can be generalized to other target languages without additional training . |
Improving Pretrained Cross-Lingual Language Models via Self-Labeled Word Alignment (2021.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Experimental results show that denoising word alignment improves cross-lingual transferability . most applications and resources are still English-centric, making non-English users hard to access. |
| Approach: | They propose to denoise word alignment as a cross-lingual pre-training task . they first self-label word alignments for parallel sentences and then mask tokens . |
| Outcome: | The proposed model improves cross-lingual transferability on token-level tasks, especially on question answering, and structured prediction. |
Unsupervised Question Answering via Answer Diversifying (2022.coling-1)
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| Challenge: | Existing extractive question answering methods use labeled data to train QA models. |
| Approach: | They propose an unsupervised method by diversifying answers by using data construction, data augmentation and denoising filter. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method outperforms previous models on five benchmark datasets . it shows strong performance in the few-shot learning setting . |
InfoXLM: An Information-Theoretic Framework for Cross-Lingual Language Model Pre-Training (2021.naacl-main)
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Zewen Chi, Li Dong, Furu Wei, Nan Yang, Saksham Singhal, Wenhui Wang, Xia Song, Xian-Ling Mao, Heyan Huang, Ming Zhou
| Challenge: | Existing methods for learning cross-lingual representations are lacking in the field of NLP. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework that formulates cross-lingual language model pre-training as maximizing mutual information between multilingual-multi-granularity texts. |
| Outcome: | The proposed approach improves cross-lingual transferability on benchmarks. |