Challenge: a new method of "humanizing" automatic translations has been developed for the translation industry . a demonstration of an online learning system for machine translation in a production environment .
Approach: They present a system which implements online learning for neural machine translation in a production environment.
Outcome: The proposed system saves post-editing effort and adapts to a specific domain or user style.

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Online Learning Meets Machine Translation Evaluation: Finding the Best Systems with the Least Human Effort (2021.acl-long)

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Challenge: Existing methods to evaluate multiple systems are expensive and require human evaluators.
Approach: They propose a novel online learning approach that dynamically converges to the top-3 ranked systems for the language pairs considered by taking advantage of human feedback.
Outcome: The proposed approach converges to the top-3 ranked systems for the language pairs considered despite the lack of human feedback for many translations.
Towards Modeling the Style of Translators in Neural Machine Translation (2021.naacl-main)

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Challenge: a key ingredient of neural machine translation is the use of large datasets with different but consistent translation styles . however, the models do not capture the variety of translators' styles from the data . a recent study shows that style-augmented models can capture the style variations of translator .
Approach: They propose to augment a neural machine translation model with translator information . they use TED talk datasets to model and control translator-related stylistic variations .
Outcome: The proposed models capture the style variations of translators and generate translations with different styles on new data.
Human or Neural Translation? (2020.coling-main)

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Challenge: a recent study shows that deep neural models have improved machine translation . identifying machine translation is still feasible, but is not yet known.
Approach: They train and apply deep neural models to distinguish between human and machine translations . they use a monolingual and bilingual task to train and train 18 classifiers based on their results .
Outcome: The proposed model improves the ability to distinguish between human and machine translations at the sentence level.
Integrating Domain Terminology into Neural Machine Translation (2020.coling-main)

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Challenge: Existing work on terminology integration into Neural Machine Translation shows it can dynamically specialize translation to a specific domain.
Approach: They extend existing work on terminology integration into Neural Machine Translation . they use placeholders complemented by morphosyntactic annotation to integrate terminology .
Outcome: The proposed method surpasses the surface generalization shown by other techniques.
Computer Assisted Translation with Neural Quality Estimation and Automatic Post-Editing (2020.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Using neural machine translation to approximate human parity is difficult due to the lack of parallel training corpora.
Approach: They propose an end-to-end deep learning framework for quality estimation and automatic post-editing of machine translation output.
Outcome: The proposed framework achieves state-of-the-art performance on the English–German dataset and human translators can significantly expedite their post-editing processing with the model.
Revisiting Multi-Domain Machine Translation (2021.tacl-1)

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Challenge: Existing approaches to handle multi-domain machine translation systems are lacking due to the variability of data.
Approach: They propose to use domain adaptation methods to handle situations where a sample of matched sentences is available in training and where only samples of source-side sentences are available.
Outcome: The proposed model is able to handle multiple domains and their expectations with respect to performance.
Improving Language Model Integration for Neural Machine Translation (2023.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Existing methods to integrate external language models into machine translation systems have been based on the assumption that the external model learns an implicit target-side language model at decoding time.
Approach: They transfer this concept to the task of machine translation and compare it with the most prominent way of including additional monolingual data - namely back-translation.
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INMT: Interactive Neural Machine Translation Prediction (D19-3)

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Challenge: Existing MT systems are only useful for information assimilation, and require substantial manual post processing.
Approach: They propose an Interactive Machine Translation interface that assists human translators with on-the-fly hints and suggestions.
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Rapid Adaptation of Neural Machine Translation to New Languages (D18-1)

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Challenge: Existing approaches to adapt neural machine translation systems to low-resource languages are difficult to implement and require large amounts of training data.
Approach: They propose a method to train neural machine translation systems to new low-resource languages . they propose to start with massively multilingual "seed models" and continue training on data related to the LRL .
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Second Language Acquisition of Neural Language Models (2023.findings-acl)

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Challenge: a recent study examined the cross-lingual transferability of neural language models . previous studies focused on their first language acquisition .
Approach: They propose to pretrain bilingual LMs with a scenario similar to human L2 acquisition . they find that pretraining accelerated their linguistic generalization in L2 .
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