Papers by Xinyu Hu

42 papers
CE-RM: A Pointwise Generative Reward Model Optimized via Two-Stage Rollout and Unified Criteria (2026.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Existing studies have shown that rule-based evaluation methods are ineffective for open-ended natural language generation.
Approach: They propose a pointwise generative reward model with a dedicated two-stage rollout method and unified query-based criteria that can be trained with 5.7K high-quality data.
Outcome: The proposed model achieves superior performance on diverse reward model benchmarks, especially in Best-of-N scenarios, and delivers more effective improvements in downstream RL practice.
Cognitive Visual-Language Mapper: Advancing Multimodal Comprehension with Enhanced Visual Knowledge Alignment (2024.acl-long)

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Challenge: Recent Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) focus on visual knowledge-dimension alignment, but ignore visual knowledge.
Approach: They propose a cognitive visual-language mapper that integrates visual-linguistic knowledge alignment with a fine-grained knowledge Adapter.
Outcome: The proposed model significantly improves LMMs on knowledge-based visual question answering (VQA) it also improves the performance of other models, including GPT-4V and Gemini-Pro.
Towards A “Novel” Benchmark: Evaluating Literary Fiction with Large Language Models (2025.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) context windows have enabled them to process inputs over 100K tokens and generate outputs of up to 10K token.
Approach: They propose a multi-level evaluation framework that incorporates ten metrics across the Macro, Meso, and Micro levels and an annotated fiction dataset.
Outcome: The proposed framework incorporates ten metrics across the Macro, Meso, and Micro levels and is based on a human-human-AI dataset.
Themis: A Reference-free NLG Evaluation Language Model with Flexibility and Interpretability (2024.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Existing methods for evaluation of natural language generation tasks lack reliable data.
Approach: They propose to use annotations from human and GPT-4 to construct a corpus for NLG evaluation.
Outcome: The proposed corpus can perform flexible and interpretable evaluations without references and surpasses existing models.
Task Oriented In-Domain Data Augmentation (2024.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Existing methods for large language models suffer from two major issues: in-domain data are scarce compared with general domain-agnostic data.
Approach: They propose a task-oriented in-domain data augmentation framework that uses in- domain data selection and task-orientated synthetic passage generation to adapt LLMs to two domains: advertisement and math.
Outcome: The proposed framework improves LLM performance by 8% in the advertisement domain and 7.5% in the math domain.
Exploring Context-Aware Evaluation Metrics for Machine Translation (2023.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Existing studies on machine translation evaluation focused on quality of individual sentences, while neglecting the importance of contextual information.
Approach: They propose a context-aware machine translation evaluation metric called Cont-COMET . they use the COMET framework to consider the preceding and subsequent contexts of the sentence .
Outcome: The proposed metric improves system-level and segment-level evaluations on the official WMT framework.
Are LLM-based Evaluators Confusing NLG Quality Criteria? (2024.acl-long)

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Challenge: Existing studies show that LLMs confuse evaluation criteria, which reduces their reliability.
Approach: They propose a hierarchical classification system for 11 common aspects with corresponding different evaluation criteria.
Outcome: The proposed system is based on 11 common aspects with different evaluation criteria.
MC-MKE: A Fine-Grained Multimodal Knowledge Editing Benchmark Emphasizing Modality Consistency (2025.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Existing benchmarks for knowledge editing in multimodal large language models focus on limited scenarios due to the lack of rigorous definition of multimodal knowledge.
Approach: They propose a decomposed definition of multimodal knowledge and a benchmark to evaluate it.
Outcome: The proposed method reveals that it is difficult to define multimodal knowledge editing in LLMs.
SCoder: Progressive Self-Distillation for Bootstrapping Small-Scale Data Synthesizers to Empower Code LLMs (2025.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Existing code large language models rely on large-scale instruction data distilled from proprietary LLMs for fine-tuning, which typically incurs high costs.
Approach: They propose an iterative self-distillation approach to bootstrap small-scale LLMs . they use large-scale instruction data distilled from proprietary LLM for fine-tuning .
Outcome: The proposed method reduces reliance on proprietary LLMs and minimizes costs.
MSVBench: Towards Human-Level Evaluation of Multi-Shot Video Generation (2026.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Existing evaluation methods for complex multi-shot video are anchored to single-shot paradigms, lacking comprehensive story assets and cross-shot metrics.
Approach: They propose a framework that synergizes the high-level semantic reasoning of Large Multimodal Models with the fine-grained perceptual rigor of domain-specific expert models.
Outcome: The proposed framework synergizes the high-level semantic reasoning of Large Multimodal Models with the fine-grained perceptual rigor of domain-specific expert models.
A Dual-Perspective NLG Meta-Evaluation Framework with Automatic Benchmark and Better Interpretability (2025.acl-long)

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Challenge: Existing evaluation metrics are insufficient to meet requirements for natural language generation.
Approach: They propose a dual-perspective NLG meta-evaluation framework that focuses on different evaluation capabilities and a method of automatically constructing benchmarks without requiring new human annotations.
Outcome: The proposed framework improves interpretability and provides better performance for 16 representative LLMs.
RealBench: A Chinese Multi-image Understanding Benchmark Close to Real-world Scenarios (2025.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: RealBench is the first Chinese multimodal multi-image dataset . the dataset contains 9393 samples and 69910 images .
Approach: They propose to create a Chinese multimodal multi-image dataset using 21 models . they use closed-source models that support multi-inputs as well as open-source visual and video models a .
Outcome: The first Chinese multimodal multi-image dataset contains 9393 samples and 69910 images.
Minos: A Multimodal Evaluation Model for Bidirectional Generation Between Image and Text (2026.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Existing evaluation models struggle to achieve consistent performance across image-to-text (I2T) and text-to image (T2I) tasks.
Approach: They construct a multimodal evaluation model using a large multimodal dataset and rigorous quality control strategies to train it.
Outcome: The proposed model achieves state-of-the-art evaluation performance across 16 out-of domain datasets covering both I2T and T2I tasks among all open-source multimodal evaluation models and remain competitive with closed-source models.
STORM-BORN: A Challenging Mathematical Derivations Dataset Curated via a Human-in-the-Loop Multi-Agent Framework (2025.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Existing datasets suffer from outdated and insufficient challenging content, neglecting human-like reasoning, and limited reliability due to single-LLM generation.
Approach: They propose a human-in-the-loop, multi-agent data generation framework that integrates reasoning-dense filters, multiagent collaboration, and human mathematicians’ evaluations to ensure the reliability and quality of the dataset.
Outcome: The proposed framework improves accuracy and quality of the 2,000-synthesized datasets by integrating reasoning-dense filters, multi-agent collaboration, and human mathematicians’ evaluations.
KBM: Delineating Knowledge Boundary for Adaptive Retrieval in Large Language Models (2025.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is employed to tackle these challenges . a Knowledge Boundary Model (KBM) is used to express the known/unknown of a given question .
Approach: They propose a Knowledge Boundary Model to express the known/unknown of a given question . they find that not all questions need to trigger RAG to improve performance .
Outcome: The proposed model reduces time and computational costs by retrieving parts of unknown knowledge . the proposed model can express the known/unknown of a given question and determine whether a RAG needs to be triggered .
ICR Probe: Tracking Hidden State Dynamics for Reliable Hallucination Detection in LLMs (2025.acl-long)

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Challenge: Existing methods for hallucination detection rely on static and isolated representations, overlooking their dynamic evolution across layers.
Approach: They propose a method which captures the cross-layer evolution of hidden states and propose 'ICR Probe' which capture the evolution of the hidden states.
Outcome: The proposed method achieves superior performance with significantly fewer parameters and ablation studies offer deeper insights into the underlying mechanism of the method, improving its interpretability.
Evaluating Self-Generated Documents for Enhancing Retrieval-Augmented Generation with Large Language Models (2025.findings-naacl)

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Challenge: Recent research focuses on optimizing the use of Self-Docs with their inherent properties remaining underexplored.
Approach: They develop a taxonomy to compare the effectiveness of different types of Self-Docs and explore strategies for combining them with external sources.
Outcome: The proposed model can supplement retrieved content and provide a powerful way to improve knowledge-intensive question answering tasks.
MathCanvas: Intrinsic Visual Chain-of-Thought for Multimodal Mathematical Reasoning (2026.acl-long)

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Challenge: Existing approaches to visual chain-of-thought are limited by external tools or fail to generate high-fidelity diagrams.
Approach: They propose a framework to enable large multimodal models with VCoT capabilities . they pre-train a model on a 15.2M-pair corpus and teach it how to leverage visual aids .
Outcome: The proposed framework unlocks complex, human-like visual reasoning in large language models . it pre-trains the model on a 15.2M-pair corpus and fine-tunes it on MathCanvas-Instruct .
Improving Knowledge Graph Completion with Structure-Aware Supervised Contrastive Learning (2024.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Existing contrastive methods focus on individual triples, overlooking the broader structural connectivities and topologies of KGs.
Approach: They propose a new contrastive learning framework that incorporates four tasks specifically tailored to KG data: Vertex-level CL, Neighbor-level Cl, Path-levelCL, and Relation composition level CL.
Outcome: The proposed framework achieves SOTA performance under standard supervised and low-resource settings.
Error-Robust Retrieval for Chinese Spelling Check (2024.lrec-main)

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Challenge: Chinese Spelling Check (CSC) aims to detect and correct spelling errors in Chinese texts . current methods may not fully leverage existing datasets, resulting in insufficient annotated data .
Approach: They propose a plug-and-play retrieval method with error-robust information for Chinese Spelling Check . they employ multimodal representations that fuse phonetic, morphologic, and contextual information .
Outcome: The proposed method improves on the SIGHAN benchmarks on Chinese spelling check (CSC) the proposed method is based on training data and lacks adequate parallel corpora .
GRNFormer: A Biologically-Guided Framework for Integrating Gene Regulatory Networks into RNA Foundation Models (2025.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Foundation models for single-cell RNA sequencing ignore biological prior knowledge encoded in gene regulatory relationships and fail to leverage multi-omics signals.
Approach: They propose a framework that integrates multi-scale gene regulatory networks into RNA foundation model training.
Outcome: The proposed framework improves on state-of-the-art models on three downstream tasks . it integrates multi-scale gene regulatory networks (GRNs) from multi-omics data into training .
Re-evaluating Automatic LLM System Ranking for Alignment with Human Preference (2025.findings-naacl)

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Challenge: Evaluating and ranking the capabilities of different LLMs is crucial for understanding their performance and alignment with human preferences.
Approach: They propose a system-level evaluation framework that ranks LLMs based on their alignment with human preferences.
Outcome: The proposed framework aims to rank LLMs based on their performance and alignment with human preferences.
Dialogue is Better Than Monologue: Instructing Meidcal LLMs via Strategic Conversations (2026.findings-eacl)

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Challenge: Existing tuning methods for medical AI models are monologue-based . existing benchmarks are based on licensing exams or research articles .
Approach: They propose a benchmark to expose limitations of monologue-based tuning for medical AI models . they use a large dialogue dataset to capture stepwise diagnostic reasoning .
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms monologue-tuned models on a medical question answering task and improves accuracy on standard medical QA benchmarks.
UniMoE-Audio: Unified Speech and Music Generation with Dynamic-Capacity Mixture-of-Experts (2026.acl-long)

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Challenge: Recent advances in unified multimodal models indicate a clear trend towards comprehensive content generation.
Approach: They propose a unified speech and music generation model built upon a novel framework . they propose specialized MoE architectures and curated training strategies to tackle data imbalances .
Outcome: The proposed model achieves state-of-the-art performance on major speech and music generation benchmarks.
Beyond the Surface: Measuring Self-Preference in LLM Judgments (2025.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Existing methods measure self-preference bias by comparing the scores a judge model assigns to its own responses with those assigned to other models.
Approach: They propose to use gold judgments as proxies for the actual quality of responses . they propose to measure self-preference bias as the difference between the judge model's own and other models' scores .
Outcome: The proposed method can assess self-preference bias across large language models . it uses gold judgments as proxies for the ground truth scores of the judge model .
P3: Prompts Promote Prompting (2025.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Recent advances in prompt optimization have shown effectiveness of using multiple components to optimize models . however, such unilateral approaches often yield suboptimal results due to interdependent nature of these components.
Approach: They propose a self-improvement framework that optimizes both system and user prompts . they use offline optimized prompts to promote online prompt optimization .
Outcome: The proposed framework improves performance on general and reasoning tasks.
Analyzing and Evaluating Correlation Measures in NLG Meta-Evaluation (2025.naacl-long)

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Challenge: Existing studies have not investigated the differences between different correlation measures in meta-evaluation.
Approach: They analyze 12 common correlation measures using real-world data from six widely-used NLG evaluation datasets and 32 evaluation metrics.
Outcome: The proposed measures exhibit the best performance in discriminative power and ranking consistency . the measures using system-level grouping or Kendall correlation are the least sensitive to score granularity .
HAD: HAllucination Detection Language Models Based on a Comprehensive Hallucination Taxonomy (2026.acl-industry)

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Challenge: relying on large language models for information has raised concerns about reliability and accuracy of outputs.
Approach: They propose a hallucination taxonomy with 11 categories for various NLG tasks and propose HAllucination Detection models which integrate hallucinism detection, span-level identification, and correction into a single inference process.
Outcome: The proposed models outperform baselines on HaluEval, FactCHD, and FaithBench, confirming their robustness and versatility.
Argument Generation with Retrieval, Planning, and Realization (P19-1)

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Challenge: a novel argument generation framework is used to generate counter-arguments . CANDELA uses a text planning decoder to retrieve arguments of different perspectives .
Approach: They propose a powerful retrieval system and a novel two-step argument generation framework . they use a retrieval-based retrieval platform indexed with 12 million articles from Wikipedia .
Outcome: The proposed framework yields higher BLEU, ROUGE, and METEOR scores than state-of-the-art models.
Do Vision-Language Models Have Internal World Models? Towards an Atomic Evaluation (2025.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Recent studies have evaluated and shown limitations in specific capabilities such as visual understanding, but a systematic evaluation of VLMs’ fundamental WM abilities remains absent.
Approach: They propose a framework that assesses perception and prediction to provide an atomic evaluation of VLMs as WMs.
Outcome: The proposed framework assesses perception and prediction abilities on 15 latest VLMs and compares them to human-level models.
A Multi-Modal Context Reasoning Approach for Conditional Inference on Joint Textual and Visual Clues (2023.acl-long)

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Challenge: Existing methods for conditional inference on joint textual and visual clues lack multimodal context reasoning capability.
Approach: They propose a multi-modal context reasoning approach that embeds textual semantics and objective image information into the pretrained language model to perform context reasoning.
Outcome: The proposed approach improves on two data sets and shows 4.8% gain on the PMR.
Exploring Discourse Structure in Document-level Machine Translation (2023.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Existing methods for document-level machine translation (DocMT) are under-utilizing the context.
Approach: They propose a paragraph-to-paragraph translation mode that utilizes discourse information . they propose 'speech-based' translation mode which utilizes contextual information based on the context .
Outcome: The proposed method utilizes discourse information and performs better than previous methods.
DAMON: A Dialogue-Aware MCTS Framework for Jailbreaking Large Language Models (2025.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Existing methods for multi-turn attacks mainly utilize a predefined dialogue pattern, limiting their effectiveness in realistic situations.
Approach: They propose a multi-turn jailbreak attack method that leverages Monte Carlo Tree Search to explore multi-turned conversational spaces and identifies sub-instruction sequences that induce harmful responses.
Outcome: The proposed method can induce undesired behaviors across five LLMs and three datasets.
TinyAlign: Boosting Lightweight Vision-Language Models by Mitigating Modal Alignment Bottlenecks (2026.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Lightweight Vision-Language Models (VLMs) are indispensable for resource-constrained applications.
Approach: They propose a framework that retrieves context from a memory bank to enhance alignment . they propose EMI-based approach to align vision and language models .
Outcome: The proposed framework reduces training loss, accelerates convergence, and enhances task performance with negligible computational overhead.
Unlocking General Long Chain-of-Thought Reasoning Capabilities of Large Language Models via Representation Engineering (2025.acl-long)

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Challenge: Existing work finds that long CoT reasoning can be efficiently elicited by tuning on only a few examples and can easily transfer to other tasks.
Approach: They propose a representation engineering method to unleash the general long CoT reasoning capabilities of LLMs.
Outcome: The proposed method is effective in in-domain and cross-domain scenarios.
LEDOM: Reverse Language Model (2026.acl-long)

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Challenge: Autoregressive language models are trained exclusively left-to-right, yet they are limited in their ability to factorize text.
Approach: They propose a purely reverse autoregressive language model that factorizes text as a product of left-to-right conditionals.
Outcome: The proposed model can be used to score forward outputs using reverse posterior estimates.
Dually Self-Improved Counterfactual Data Augmentation Using Large Language Model (2025.acl-long)

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Challenge: Existing approaches to generate counterfactual data augmentation are limited due to imbalance and biases in real-world training data.
Approach: They propose a self-improved method for generating high-quality counterfacts using large language models.
Outcome: The proposed method generates high-quality counterfacts on the natural language inference task using lightweight and task-specific LLMs.
VideoVista-CulturalLingo: 360° Horizons-Bridging Cultures, Languages, and Domains in Video Comprehension (2025.acl-long)

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Challenge: Existing video evaluation benchmarks focus on a single language, typically English, and feature videos rooted in Western cultural contexts.
Approach: They propose a video evaluation benchmark designed to bridge cultural, linguistic, and domain divide in video comprehension.
Outcome: The proposed video evaluation benchmark bridges cultural, linguistic, and domain divides . existing benchmarks only feature videos from YouTube, Shutterstock, or established video datasets based on cultural diversity .
Dr3: Ask Large Language Models Not to Give Off-Topic Answers in Open Domain Multi-Hop Question Answering (2024.lrec-main)

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Challenge: Open Domain Multi-Hop Question Answering (ODMHQA) is one of the most challenging tasks in Natural Language Processing (NLP)
Approach: They propose a mechanism that leverages the intrinsic capabilities of Large Language Models to judge whether the generated answers are off-topic.
Outcome: The proposed method reduces the occurrence of off-topic answers by nearly 13%, improving the performance in Exact Match (EM) by nearly 3% compared to the baseline method without the Dr3 mechanism.
Bi-Tuning with Collaborative Information for Controllable LLM-based Sequential Recommendation (2025.acl-long)

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Challenge: Existing approaches to optimize sequential recommendation systems rely on item ID sequences, but they lack collaborative knowledge and limited controllability.
Approach: They propose a simple bi-tuning framework with collaborative information for controllable Large Language Model-based Sequential Recommendation (Laser) they incorporate learnable virtual tokens at prefix and suffix of input text to adapt LLMs with collaborative knowledge .
Outcome: The proposed framework outperforms state-of-the-art recommendations on real-world datasets.
Hyperlink-induced Pre-training for Passage Retrieval in Open-domain Question Answering (2022.acl-long)

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Challenge: Existing methods to train dense passage retrieval have a large data gap between upstream and downstream relevance.
Approach: They propose a method to pre-train the dense retriever with the text relevance induced by hyperlinks within Web documents.
Outcome: The proposed method outperforms existing methods under different scenarios and in the open-domain question answering domain.
UOUO: Uncontextualized Uncommon Objects for Measuring Knowledge Horizons of Vision Language Models (2024.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Vision-Language Models (VLMs) perform on par with larger models in general domain visual grounding and question-answering benchmarks.
Approach: They propose a "Uncontextualized Uncommon Objects" benchmark to evaluate their performance on common datasets.
Outcome: The proposed benchmark focuses on systematically testing VLMs with both large and small parameter counts on rare and specialized objects.

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