| Challenge: | a novel argument generation framework is used to generate counter-arguments . CANDELA uses a text planning decoder to retrieve arguments of different perspectives . |
| Approach: | They propose a powerful retrieval system and a novel two-step argument generation framework . they use a retrieval-based retrieval platform indexed with 12 million articles from Wikipedia . |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework yields higher BLEU, ROUGE, and METEOR scores than state-of-the-art models. |
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| Challenge: | Recent advances in text generation systems often produce incoherent and unfaithful outputs . a novel automated text generation system takes into account content selection, text planning, and surface realization. |
| Approach: | They propose an end-to-end trained two-step text generation model that considers sentence-level content planners and language styles. |
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Conclusion-based Counter-Argument Generation (2023.eacl-main)
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| Challenge: | Existing work on the automatic generation of natural language counter-arguments does not address the relation to the conclusion, possibly because many arguments leave their conclusion implicit. |
| Approach: | They propose a multitask approach that jointly learns to generate both the conclusion and the counter of an input argument. |
| Outcome: | The proposed approach generates more relevant and stance-adhering counters than strong baselines. |
Neural Argument Generation Augmented with Externally Retrieved Evidence (P18-1)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods for generating arguments are limited to retrieval-based methods. |
| Approach: | They propose an encoder-decoder-based argument generation model enriched with externally retrieved evidence from Wikipedia. |
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AEG: Argumentative Essay Generation via A Dual-Decoder Model with Content Planning (2022.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Existing studies on argument generation focus on generating individual short arguments, while research on generating long and coherent argumentative essays is under-explored. |
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Belief-based Generation of Argumentative Claims (2021.eacl-main)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods to generate argument with the ability to encode beliefs are limited by the noise generated by the automatic collection of bag-of-words. |
| Approach: | They propose to augment argument generation technology with ability to encode beliefs . they model users' beliefs via their stances on big issues and extend text generation models with extra input reflecting user's beliefs. |
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Argue with Me Tersely: Towards Sentence-Level Counter-Argument Generation (2023.emnlp-main)
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Jiayu Lin, Rong Ye, Meng Han, Qi Zhang, Ruofei Lai, Xinyu Zhang, Zhao Cao, Xuanjing Huang, Zhongyu Wei
| Challenge: | Existing work describes paragraph-level counter-argument generation task as paragraph-based . however, sentence-level generation can be quite different due to its unique constraints and brevity-focused challenges. |
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| Outcome: | The proposed framework and evaluator are competitive in counter-argument generation tasks. |
Employing Argumentation Knowledge Graphs for Neural Argument Generation (2021.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods for generating arguments use end-to-end knowledge graphs or are controlled with respect to the argument's topic, aspects, or stance. |
| Approach: | They construct and populate three knowledge graphs and encode them into debate portals and relevant paragraphs from Wikipedia. |
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Arg-LLaDA: Argument Summarization via Large Language Diffusion Models and Sufficiency-Aware Refinement (2026.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Existing approaches to argument summarization rely on single-pass generation, offering limited support for factual correction or structural refinement. |
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A Dataset of General-Purpose Rebuttal (D19-1)
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Matan Orbach, Yonatan Bilu, Ariel Gera, Yoav Kantor, Lena Dankin, Tamar Lavee, Lili Kotlerman, Shachar Mirkin, Michal Jacovi, Ranit Aharonov, Noam Slonim
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Dynamic Knowledge Integration for Evidence-Driven Counter-Argument Generation with Large Language Models (2025.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Argumentation in natural language processing (NLP) is becoming an indispensable tool in many application domains such as public policy, law, medicine, and education. |
| Approach: | They propose a reconstructed dataset of argument and counter-argument pairs . they propose integrating dynamic external knowledge from the web to improve counter-arguments . |
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