Papers by Jing Xie
Can Persona-Prompted LLMs Emulate Subgroup Values? An Empirical Analysis of Generalisability and Fairness in Cultural Alignment (2026.acl-long)
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Bryan Chen Zhengyu Tan, Zhengyuan Liu, Xiaoyuan Yi, Jing Yao, Xing Xie, Nancy F. Chen, Roy Ka-Wei Lee
| Challenge: | Current alignment paradigms treat "human values" as a monolithic entity, ignoring the fact that many societies are a mosaic of diverse subgroups with distinct and sometimes conflicting values, preferences, and norms. |
| Approach: | They examine whether Large Language Models can emulate distinct cultural values of subgroups . they use a global value survey to examine the value landscape of a multicultural society . |
| Outcome: | The proposed model improves on unseen, out-of-distribution subgroups by 17.4% . the model widens the disparity between subgroup groups when measured by distance-aware metrics. |
Locate, Steer, and Improve: A Practical Survey of Actionable Mechanistic Interpretability in Large Language Models (2026.findings-acl)
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Hengyuan Zhang, Zhihao Zhang, Ercong Nie, Mingyang Wang, Zunhai Su, Yiwei Wang, Qianli Wang, Shuzhou Yuan, Xufeng Duan, Qibo Xue, Zeping Yu, Chenming Shang, Xiao Liang, Jing Xiong, Hui Shen, Chaofan Tao, Zhengwu Liu, Senjie Jin, Zhiheng Xi, Dongdong Zhang, Sophia Ananiadou, Tao Gui, Ruobing Xie, Hayden Kwok-Hay So, Hinrich Schuetze, Xuanjing Huang, Qi Zhang, Ngai Wong
| Challenge: | Existing literature on mechanistic interpretation (MI) treats it as an observational science, leaving practical applications underexplored. |
| Approach: | They propose a survey structured around the pipeline to identify and improve MI models. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework enables tangible improvements in Alignment, Capability, and Efficiency. |
FACT-E: Causality-Inspired Evaluation for Trustworthy Chain-of-Thought Reasoning (2026.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Existing models generate explanations that appear coherent while containing unfaithful intermediate steps. |
| Approach: | They propose a causality-inspired framework for evaluating CoT quality using controlled perturbations as an instrumental signal to separate genuine step-to-step dependence from bias-driven artifacts. |
| Outcome: | Experiments on GSM8K, MATH, and CommonsenseQA show that FACT-E improves reasoning-trajectory selection and yields stronger in-context learning exemplars. |
Unintended Harms of Value-Aligned LLMs: Psychological and Empirical Insights (2025.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Value-aligned LLMs are more prone to harmful behavior than fine-tuned models . value-aligned models generate text according to the aligned values, which can amplify harmful outcomes. |
| Approach: | They propose to use in-context alignment methods to enhance the safety of value-aligned LLMs. |
| Outcome: | The proposed methods improve value alignment and safety, the authors say . value-aligned models are more prone to harmful behavior than fine-tuned models . |
MMAC: A Multilingual, Multimodal Alignment Framework for Cultural Grounding Evaluation (2026.acl-long)
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Weihua Zheng, Zhengyuan Liu, Tanmoy Chakraborty, Weiwen Xu, Xiaoxue Gao, Bryan Chen Zhengyu Tan, Bowei Zou, Chang Liu, Yujia Hu, Xing Xie, Xiaoyuan Yi, Jing Yao, Chaojun Wang, Long Li, Rui Liu, Huiyao Liu, Koji Inoue, Ryuichi Sumida, Tatsuya Kawahara, Fan Xu, Lingyu Ye, Wei Tian, Dongjun Kim, Jimin Jung, Jaehyung Seo, Nadya Yuki Wangsajaya, Pham Minh Duc, Ojasva Saxena, Palash Nandi, Xiyan Tao, Wiwik Karlina, Tuan Luong, Keertana Arun Vasan, Roy Ka-Wei Lee, Nancy F. Chen
| Challenge: | Existing models lack cultural alignment across modalities and languages . a new framework to assess cultural awareness across linguistics and languages is needed . |
| Approach: | They propose a framework that integrates tri-modally aligned cultural benchmarks and a five-dimensional evaluation protocol to assess cross-country awareness disparities. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework assesses cultural awareness disparities across modalities and languages . it is the first dataset aligned at the input level across text, image, and speech . |
SynC-LLM: Generation of Large-Scale Synthetic Circuit Code with Hierarchical Language Models (2025.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Recent years, AI-assisted integrated circuit design methods have shown great potential in boosting IC design efficiency. however, this emerging technique is limited by the serious scarcity of publicly accessible large-scale circuit design data, which are mostly private IPs owned by semiconductor companies. |
| Approach: | They propose a hierarchical framework that exploits LLM's ability to generate new large-scale synthetic digital circuits by learning sequential logic skeletons and annotating function descriptions. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework generates large-scale synthetic circuits that are valid and fully functional, and can significantly improve AI models’ performance in multiple IC design tasks. |
Bi-directional CognitiveThinking Network for Machine Reading Comprehension (2020.coling-main)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods for reading comprehension are still in their infancy at the level of cognitive intelligence. |
| Approach: | They propose a bi-directional cognitive knowledge framework to simulate reverse thinking and inertial thinking in the brain to answer questions. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework shows that bi-directional knowledge helps the QA task. |
LLM Agents for Education: Advances and Applications (2025.findings-emnlp)
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Zhendong Chu, Shen Wang, Jian Xie, Tinghui Zhu, Yibo Yan, Jingheng Ye, Aoxiao Zhong, Xuming Hu, Jing Liang, Philip S. Yu, Qingsong Wen
| Challenge: | Large Language Model (LLM) agents are transforming education by automating complex tasks and enhancing both teaching and learning processes. |
| Approach: | This survey analyzes recent advances in applying Large Language Model agents to educational settings . it highlights ethical issues, hallucination and overreliance, and integration with existing ecosystems . |
| Outcome: | The authors analyze the technologies enabling LLM agents and highlight key challenges in deploying them in educational settings. |
Value Compass Benchmarks: A Comprehensive, Generative and Self-Evolving Platform for LLMs’ Value Evaluation (2025.acl-demo)
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Jing Yao, Xiaoyuan Yi, Shitong Duan, Jindong Wang, Yuzhuo Bai, Muhua Huang, Yang Ou, Scarlett Li, Peng Zhang, Tun Lu, Zhicheng Dou, Maosong Sun, James Evans, Xing Xie
| Challenge: | Current evaluation methods for large language models face two key challenges: 1. evaluation validity and 2. Result interpretation reduce the pluralistic and incommensurable values to one-dimensional scores. |
| Approach: | They propose a platform for comprehensive value diagnosis of large language models (LLMs) that provides a generative evaluation paradigm that automatically creates real-world test items co-evolving with ever-advancing LLMs. |
| Outcome: | The proposed platform provides a framework for comprehensive value diagnosis of large language models (LLMs) with fine-grained scores and case studies across 27 value dimensions for 33 leading LLMs, customized comparisons, and visualized analysis of LLM’s alignment with cultural values. |
Value FULCRA: Mapping Large Language Models to the Multidimensional Spectrum of Basic Human Value (2024.naacl-long)
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| Challenge: | Existing work specifies values as risk criteria formulated in the AI community, e.g., fairness and privacy protection, suffering from poor clarity, adaptability and transparency. |
| Approach: | They propose a value alignment paradigm based on Schwartz's Theory of Basic Values as an instantiation and propose 'BaseAlign' to support this paradigm. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model covers existing risks and anticipates unidentified ones with a low-data set. |
Can LLM Agents Simulate Multi-Turn Human Behavior? Evidence from Real Online Customer Behavior Data (2026.acl-long)
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Yuxuan Lu, Jing Huang, Yan Han, Bingsheng Yao, Sisong Bei, Yaochen Xie, Yisi Sang, Qi He, Dakuo Wang
| Challenge: | Recent research shows that LLM Agents can generate “believable” human behaviors via prompt-only methods, leaving open questions of whether they can accurately generate step-by-step actions in multi-turn interaction tasks. |
| Approach: | They propose to use shopping data to evaluate LLMs' ability to accurately generate step-by-step actions in a multi-turn interaction task. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model achieves 17.26% action generation accuracy and 33.86% F1 score on final purchase prediction, representing improvements of 5.4% and 13.85% over baselines. |
MoVa: Towards Generalizable Classification of Human Morals and Values (2025.emnlp-main)
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Ziyu Chen, Junfei Sun, Chenxi Li, Tuan Dung Nguyen, Jing Yao, Xiaoyuan Yi, Xing Xie, Chenhao Tan, Lexing Xie
| Challenge: | Identifying human morals and values embedded in language is essential to empirical studies of communication. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework for generalizable classification of human morals and values . they recommend a classification strategy that scores all related concepts simultaneously . |
| Outcome: | The proposed method outperforms fine-tuned models across domains and frameworks. |
DT-Solver: Automated Theorem Proving with Dynamic-Tree Sampling Guided by Proof-level Value Function (2023.acl-long)
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Haiming Wang, Ye Yuan, Zhengying Liu, Jianhao Shen, Yichun Yin, Jing Xiong, Enze Xie, Han Shi, Yujun Li, Lin Li, Jian Yin, Zhenguo Li, Xiaodan Liang
| Challenge: | Recent advances in neural theorem-proving resort to large language models and tree searches. |
| Approach: | They propose a Dynamic-Tree Driven Theorem Solver to accommodate general theoremes by guiding the search procedure with state confidence and proof-level values. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art methods on two popular theorem-proving datasets with a 6.65% improvement on average in terms of success rate. |
Selective Labeling: How to Radically Lower Data-Labeling Costs for Document Extraction Models (2023.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | a key bottleneck in developing automatic extraction models for visually rich documents is the cost of acquiring labeled documents. |
| Approach: | They propose selective labeling to provide "yes/no" labels for candidate extractions predicted by a model trained on partially labeled documents. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method reduces the cost of acquiring labeled data by 10 with a negligible loss in accuracy. |
LLMs know their vulnerabilities: Uncover Safety Gaps through Natural Distribution Shifts (2025.acl-long)
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Qibing Ren, Hao Li, Dongrui Liu, Zhanxu Xie, Xiaoya Lu, Yu Qiao, Lei Sha, Junchi Yan, Lizhuang Ma, Jing Shao
| Challenge: | Current safety training focuses on teaching models to reject harmful queries, but recent research shows that adversarial attacks or jailbreak methods bypass these safety mechanisms. |
| Approach: | They propose to use a new attack method to craft multi-turn toxic prompts that gradually lead LLMs to reveal unsafe content. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method outperforms existing methods in diversity, effectiveness, and efficiency across aligned LLMs. |
Influence-based Online Experience Selection for Effective RLHF (2026.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods for RL fail to establish an interpretable connection between data and optimization objectives. |
| Approach: | They propose a data selection method that dynamically estimates the influence of individual training samples on policy optimization. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method significantly improves training effectiveness with fewer optimization steps. |
On the Automatic Generation of Medical Imaging Reports (P18-1)
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| Challenge: | a complete medical imaging report contains multiple heterogeneous forms of information, including findings and tags . abnormal regions in medical images are difficult to identify and the reports are typically long, containing multiple sentences. |
| Approach: | They propose a multi-task learning framework which predicts tags and generates paragraphs for abnormal regions in medical images. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework can generate long paragraphs on two publicly available datasets. |
To Paraphrase or Not: Efficient Comment Detoxification with Unsupervised Detoxifiability Discrimination (2026.eacl-short)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods for detoxification of toxic comments are limited by overcorrection and data scarcity . experimental results show that DID outperforms existing methods on academic data and an industrial platform . |
| Approach: | They propose a paradigm that adaptively conducts filtering or paraphrasing for each toxic comment based on its detoxifiability . they propose 'detoxifiabilities-aware detoxification' that can be trained to filter or paraphrase toxic comments based upon their detoxifikatability based only on detoxificable comments . |
| Outcome: | Experimental results show that DID outperforms existing methods on academic and industrial data. |
GUI Agents: A Survey (2025.findings-acl)
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Dang Nguyen, Jian Chen, Yu Wang, Gang Wu, Namyong Park, Zhengmian Hu, Hanjia Lyu, Junda Wu, Ryan Aponte, Yu Xia, Xintong Li, Jing Shi, Hongjie Chen, Viet Dac Lai, Zhouhang Xie, Sungchul Kim, Ruiyi Zhang, Tong Yu, Mehrab Tanjim, Nesreen K. Ahmed, Puneet Mathur, Seunghyun Yoon, Lina Yao, Branislav Kveton, Jihyung Kil, Thien Huu Nguyen, Trung Bui, Tianyi Zhou, Ryan A. Rossi, Franck Dernoncourt
| Challenge: | Large Foundation Models (LFMs) have transformed the landscape of AI research and day-to-day life. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework that delineates GUI agents' perception, reasoning, planning, and acting capabilities. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework delineates their perception, reasoning, planning, and acting capabilities. |
Find Your Optimal Teacher: Personalized Data Synthesis via Router-Guided Multi-Teacher Distillation (2026.acl-long)
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Hengyuan Zhang, Shiping Yang, Xiao Liang, Chenming Shang, Yuxuan Jiang, Chaofan Tao, Jing Xiong, Hayden Kwok-Hay So, Ruobing Xie, Angel X. Chang, Ngai Wong
| Challenge: | Existing studies show that stronger models are not always optimal teachers, suggesting a mismatch between the teacher’s output and the student’s learning ability. |
| Approach: | They propose a method that routes each prompt to its optimal teacher via a query-level router that jointly considers the student models’ learnability and teacher models’ response quality. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method outperforms baselines on six benchmarks including instruct tuning and math reasoning settings. |
Enhancing Incremental Summarization with Structured Representations (2024.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | Large language models struggle with processing extensive input contexts, leading to redundancy or incoherency. |
| Approach: | They propose a chain-of-key update based on JSON structured memory representations to improve summarization performance by 40% and 14% on two public datasets. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method improves summarization performance by 40% and 14% on two datasets. |
Towards Better Value Principles for Large Language Model Alignment: A Systematic Evaluation and Enhancement (2025.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Large Language Models (LLMs) show remarkable performance across tasks . alignment with human values is critical for their responsible development. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework that evaluates value principles along three desirable properties . they propose supervised fine-tuning, reinforcement learning-based approaches . |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework improves value principles along the three desirable properties of LLMs. |