Challenge: a multi-level, multi-label text classification dataset is used to classify over 3000 documents . authors use a classical bag-of-words (BoW) naive Bayes model and three modern LLMs .
Approach: They propose to apply large language models to a multi-level, multi-label text classification dataset . the dataset features literary and critical texts from 19th-century Ottoman Turkish and Russian .
Outcome: The proposed dataset features literary and critical texts from 19th-century Ottoman Turkish and Russian.

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Challenge: a large-scale text classification dataset encompassing 1504 languages is needed to address this gap . low-resource languages are often overlooked due to the scarcity of evaluation datasets.
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Challenge: a subset of the Reuters corpus volume 2 is used to evaluate cross-lingual document classification . current best practice is to evaluate document classification on resources in one language and transfer it to another without additional resources.
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Challenge: Until recently, language descriptions were available in paper form only, with indexes as the only search aid.
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Challenge: Currently, language technologies are easily available in only a small minority of the world's 7,000+ language varieties.
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M4: Multi-generator, Multi-domain, and Multi-lingual Black-Box Machine-Generated Text Detection (2024.eacl-long)

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