Papers by Xian Yang

16 papers
Reasoning as Gradient: Scaling MLE Agents Beyond Tree Search (2026.findings-acl)

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Challenge: LLM-based agents for machine learning engineering rely on tree search to rank candidates.
Approach: They propose an LLM-based agent that operationalizes gradient-based optimization.
Outcome: The proposed agent achieves a state-of-the-art 35.1% any-medal rate on MLE-Bench with a limited budget on a single GPU.
Knowledge-Augmented Multimodal Clinical Rationale Generation for Disease Diagnosis with Small Language Models (2025.acl-long)

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Challenge: Existing models struggle to balance predictive accuracy with human-understandable rationales.
Approach: They propose to enhance LLMs by leveraging rationale distillation and domain knowledge injection for trustworthy multimodal rationale generation.
Outcome: Experiments on real-world medical datasets show that ClinRaGen achieves state-of-the-art performance in disease diagnosis and rationale generation.
PV2TEA: Patching Visual Modality to Textual-Established Information Extraction (2023.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Empirical results show up to 11.74% absolute (20.97% relative) increase over unimodal baselines.
Approach: They propose to patch the visual modality to the textual-established attribute in- formation extractor.
Outcome: Empirical results show up to 11.74% absolute (29.9% relative) increase over unimodal baselines.
Guide the Many-to-One Assignment: Open Information Extraction via IoU-aware Optimal Transport (2023.acl-long)

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Challenge: Open Information Extraction (OIE) aims to extract structured information from text without the limitations of close ontology.
Approach: They propose a method to assign ground truth labels to parallelly generated tuple proposals . they leverage intersection-over-union (IoU) as assignment quality measurement .
Outcome: The proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art models on three benchmarks.
DeltaNet: Conditional Medical Report Generation for COVID-19 Diagnosis (2022.coling-1)

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Challenge: X-ray and CT are the gold standard for COVID-19 diagnosis and treatment . however, due to the excessive number of patients, writing reports becomes a heavy burden for radiologists.
Approach: They propose to use X-ray and CT to generate medical reports automatically . they evaluate DeltaNet on a COVID-19 dataset, where it outperforms state-of-the-art approaches .
Outcome: The proposed system outperforms state-of-the-art methods on a COVID-19 dataset.
Data Diversity Matters for Robust Instruction Tuning (2024.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Recent studies have shown that by curating high quality and diverse instruction tuning datasets, we can significantly improve instruction-following capabilities.
Approach: They propose an algorithm to control diversity and quality of instruction tuning datasets and validate it.
Outcome: The proposed algorithm significantly improves worst and average case performance on large scale instruction tuning datasets.
Improving Deep Embedded Clustering via Learning Cluster-level Representations (2022.coling-1)

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Challenge: Existing efforts to learn meaningful representations at the instance level are limited.
Approach: They propose a deep embedded clustering model with cluster-level representation learning to jointly learn cluster and instance level representations.
Outcome: The proposed model produces meaningful clusters on real-world short text datasets.
Lifting the Curse of Capacity Gap in Distilling Language Models (2023.acl-long)

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Challenge: Existing studies have shown that pretrained language models require a tremendous amount of inference compute to perform.
Approach: They propose to compress pretrained language models to small ones with a teacher-student paradigm to fill the capacity gap.
Outcome: The proposed model achieves state-of-the-art performance at small FLOPs compared with competitive baselines.
MultiCapCLIP: Auto-Encoding Prompts for Zero-Shot Multilingual Visual Captioning (2023.acl-long)

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Challenge: Existing methods for supervised visual captioning require large scale of images or videos paired with descriptions in a specific language.
Approach: They propose a zero-shot approach that generates captions for different scenarios without labeling . they use concept prompts to retrieve concepts and auto-encode them to learn writing styles .
Outcome: The proposed approach generates captions for different scenarios and languages without labeled vision-caption pairs.
PersonaAgent: Bridging Memory and Action for Personalized LLM Agents (2026.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Existing Large Language Model (LLM) enabled agents lack flexibility to respond to users’ varying needs and preferences.
Approach: They propose a test-time user-preference alignment strategy that optimizes the persona prompt, ensuring real-time preference alignment through textual loss feedback between simulated and ground-truth responses.
Outcome: The proposed framework outperforms baseline methods in real-time and in real applications.
PreQuant: A Task-agnostic Quantization Approach for Pre-trained Language Models (2023.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Quantization is a viable solution for pre-trained language models, but most existing methods are task-specific and require customized training and quantization with a large number of trainable parameters.
Approach: They propose a "quantize before fine-tuning" framework that allows for quantization with a large number of trainable parameters on each individual task.
Outcome: The proposed framework is compatible with quantization-aware training and post-training quantization and corrects quantization errors.
ProMedTS: A Self-Supervised, Prompt-Guided Multimodal Approach for Integrating Medical Text and Time Series (2025.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Large language models excel at processing unstructured data, but integrating time series data with text remains a challenge.
Approach: They propose a self-supervised multimodal framework that uses prompt-guided learning to unify heterogeneous data types.
Outcome: The proposed framework outperforms state-of-the-art approaches on disease diagnosis tasks using real-world datasets.
Self-Supervised Detection of Contextual Synonyms in a Multi-Class Setting: Phenotype Annotation Use Case (2021.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Contextualised word embeddings are powerful tool to detect contextual synonyms, but most of the current SOTA methods are supervised and underexploit the potential of the context.
Approach: They propose a self-supervised approach which detects contextual synonyms of concepts being trained on the data created by shallow matching.
Outcome: The proposed approach outperforms the previous SOTA with gains of up to 4.5 and 4.0 absolute points after fine-tuning with as little as 20% of the labelled data.
O2NA: An Object-Oriented Non-Autoregressive Approach for Controllable Video Captioning (2021.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Existing methods for video captioning consider a sequence of frames and biases towards focused objects.
Approach: They propose an Object-Oriented Non-Autoregressive approach to video captioning . it performs three steps: 1) identify the focused objects and predict their locations . 2) generate related attribute words and relation words of these focused objects to form a draft caption .
Outcome: The proposed method achieves competitive results with the state-of-the-art methods but with higher diversity and faster inference speed.
StoryLLaVA: Enhancing Visual Storytelling with Multi-Modal Large Language Models (2025.coling-main)

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Challenge: Existing models struggle to maintain temporal, spatial, and narrative coherence across image sequences . existing models lack depth and engagement of human-authored stories .
Approach: They propose a topic-driven narrative optimizer that integrates image descriptions, topic generation, and GPT-4-based refinements.
Outcome: The proposed framework outperforms existing models in visual relevance, coherence, and fluency.
Multi-grained Named Entity Recognition (P19-1)

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Challenge: Existing approaches treat Named Entity Recognition (NER) as a sequence labeling task.
Approach: They propose a framework for Multi-Grained Named Entity Recognition where multiple entities or entity mentions in a sentence could be non-overlapping or totally nested.
Outcome: The proposed framework outperforms current state-of-the-art frameworks by 4.4% in terms of the F1 score among nested/non-overlapping NER tasks.

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