Papers by Zhihua Wang
IM^2: an Interpretable and Multi-category Integrated Metric Framework for Automatic Dialogue Evaluation (2022.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Evaluation metrics for dialogue systems are expensive and time-consuming . current evaluation metrics focus on a single quality or several qualities . |
| Approach: | They propose an interpretable, multi-faceted, and controllable framework to combine dialogue metrics which are good at measuring different qualities. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework integrates a large number of evaluation metrics to improve the performance of the model. |
Knowledge-Augmented Multimodal Clinical Rationale Generation for Disease Diagnosis with Small Language Models (2025.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Existing models struggle to balance predictive accuracy with human-understandable rationales. |
| Approach: | They propose to enhance LLMs by leveraging rationale distillation and domain knowledge injection for trustworthy multimodal rationale generation. |
| Outcome: | Experiments on real-world medical datasets show that ClinRaGen achieves state-of-the-art performance in disease diagnosis and rationale generation. |
Train Once, and Decode As You Like (2020.coling-main)
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| Challenge: | Existing approaches to machine translation support autoregressive, semi-autoregressive and refinement-based non-auto-regressives. |
| Approach: | They propose a unified approach for supporting different generation manners of machine translation including autoregressive, semi-autoregressive and refinement-based non-auto-regressives. |
| Outcome: | The proposed approach achieves better or competitive translation performance compared with strong baseline models in all the settings. |
Mitigating Action-Relation Hallucinations in LVLMs via Relation-aware Visual Enhancement (2026.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Existing research has focused on mitigating object hallucinations but often overlooks more complex relation hallucines, especially action relations involving interactions between objects. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework to locate action-relevant image regions and enhance the LVLM’s attention to those regions by using a Relation-aware Visual Enhancement method. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method achieves superior performance in mitigating action-relation hallucinations with negligible additional inference cost. |
PLATO-XL: Exploring the Large-scale Pre-training of Dialogue Generation (2022.findings-aacl)
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Siqi Bao, Huang He, Fan Wang, Hua Wu, Haifeng Wang, Wenquan Wu, Zhihua Wu, Zhen Guo, Hua Lu, Xinxian Huang, Xin Tian, Xinchao Xu, Yingzhan Lin, Zheng-Yu Niu
| Challenge: | Experimental results show PLATO-XL achieves state-of-the-art results across multiple conversational tasks. |
| Approach: | They propose to train PLATO-XL models with up to 11 billion parameters, trained on Chinese and English social media conversations. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model achieves state-of-the-art on multiple conversational tasks, verifying its potential as a foundation model of conversational AI. |
CHAE: Fine-Grained Controllable Story Generation with Characters, Actions and Emotions (2022.coling-1)
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| Challenge: | Existing studies on story generation focus on coarse-grained control of the story, neglecting the details of the narrative. |
| Approach: | They propose a model for fine-grained control on the story that allows the generation of customized stories with characters, corresponding actions and emotions arbitrarily assigned. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method has strong controllability to generate customized stories according to the fine-grained personalized guidance. |
Improving Deep Embedded Clustering via Learning Cluster-level Representations (2022.coling-1)
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| Challenge: | Existing efforts to learn meaningful representations at the instance level are limited. |
| Approach: | They propose a deep embedded clustering model with cluster-level representation learning to jointly learn cluster and instance level representations. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model produces meaningful clusters on real-world short text datasets. |
ToViLaG: Your Visual-Language Generative Model is Also An Evildoer (2023.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Recent large-scale Visual-Language Generative Models (VLGMs) generate toxic content, e.g., offensive text and pornography images, raising significant ethical risks. |
| Approach: | They propose a bottleneck-based detoxification method to reduce toxicity while maintaining comparable generation quality. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method could reduce toxicity while maintaining comparable generation quality. |
PUPPET: Neural-Symbolic Standardized Patients for Mental Health (2026.acl-long)
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Chen Xu, Yu ji, Zhenyu Lv, Yang Yi, Yizhe Yang, Luyao Ji, Chaoyi Chen, Xianyang Wang, Tian Lan, Zhihua Wang, Juan Wang, Xunde Dong, Fuze Tian, Qunxi Dong, Bin Hu
| Challenge: | Existing LLM-based training approaches lack faithful responses to clinical errors and explainable feedback. |
| Approach: | They propose a neural-symbolic virtual standardized patient governed by an OBSERVE-THINK-BEHAVE architecture that embeds LLM reasoning into a symbolic system where experts implant causal associations between intervention logic and patient mental states. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms baselines in faithfulness and pedagogical value. |
DAMRO: Dive into the Attention Mechanism of LVLM to Reduce Object Hallucination (2024.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Despite the success of Large Vision-Language Models, they suffer from hallucination. |
| Approach: | They propose a training-free strategy that "D**ive into" the attention of LVLMs to "R**educe" object hallucination by using classification tokens of ViT. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method reduces the impact of outlier tokens on LVLMs . the proposed method is based on LLaVA-1.5, LLvaVA-NeXT and InstructBLIP . |
GRACE: Gradient-guided Controllable Retrieval for Augmenting Attribute-based Text Generation (2023.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods for controlling the generation of pre-trained language models infuse domain bias into the generation process, making it difficult to generate out-of-domain texts. |
| Approach: | They propose a retrieval-augmented generation framework that uses retrieval to generate fluent sentences with high attribute relevance. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method can generate fluent sentences with high attribute relevance while keeping domain bias out of the model. |
Sample-Efficient Human Evaluation of Large Language Models via Maximum Discrepancy Competition (2025.acl-long)
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Kehua Feng, Keyan Ding, Tan Hongzhi, Kede Ma, Zhihua Wang, Shuangquan Guo, Cheng Yuzhou, Ge Sun, Guozhou Zheng, Qiang Zhang, Huajun Chen
| Challenge: | Existing methods for evaluation of large language models are inefficient and inefficient due to inaccuracy of standard metrics in human perception of text quality and inefficiency in sampling informative test examples. |
| Approach: | They propose a sample-efficient human evaluation method for large language models based on the principle of MAximum Discrepancy (MAD) competition. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method achieves the “golden” ranking of LLMs with a minimum set of input instructions, which in turn reveal their relative strengths and weaknesses. |
Large-Scale and Multi-Perspective Opinion Summarization with Diverse Review Subsets (2023.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods for opinion summarization are deficient in epitomizing extensive reviews and offering opinion summaries from various angles. |
| Approach: | They propose a supervised opinion summarization framework that takes sentiment orientation into account and trains the summarizer to learn from sub-optimal and optimal review subsets. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework generates pros, cons, and verdict summaries from hundreds of input reviews. |
ProMedTS: A Self-Supervised, Prompt-Guided Multimodal Approach for Integrating Medical Text and Time Series (2025.findings-acl)
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Shuai Niu, Jing Ma, Hongzhan Lin, Liang Bai, Zhihua Wang, V. W., Richard Yi Da Xu, Guo Li, Xian Yang
| Challenge: | Large language models excel at processing unstructured data, but integrating time series data with text remains a challenge. |
| Approach: | They propose a self-supervised multimodal framework that uses prompt-guided learning to unify heterogeneous data types. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework outperforms state-of-the-art approaches on disease diagnosis tasks using real-world datasets. |
SpeechT5: Unified-Modal Encoder-Decoder Pre-Training for Spoken Language Processing (2022.acl-long)
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Junyi Ao, Rui Wang, Long Zhou, Chengyi Wang, Shuo Ren, Yu Wu, Shujie Liu, Tom Ko, Qing Li, Yu Zhang, Zhihua Wei, Yao Qian, Jinyu Li, Furu Wei
| Challenge: | Existing work shows that pre-trained models can improve in various natural language processing tasks. |
| Approach: | They propose a unified-modal encoder-decoder framework that pre-trains speech-text representations using large-scale unlabeled speech and text data. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework is superior to existing models on speech-to-text processing tasks. |
TextFlint: Unified Multilingual Robustness Evaluation Toolkit for Natural Language Processing (2021.acl-demo)
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Xiao Wang, Qin Liu, Tao Gui, Qi Zhang, Yicheng Zou, Xin Zhou, Jiacheng Ye, Yongxin Zhang, Rui Zheng, Zexiong Pang, Qinzhuo Wu, Zhengyan Li, Chong Zhang, Ruotian Ma, Zichu Fei, Ruijian Cai, Jun Zhao, Xingwu Hu, Zhiheng Yan, Yiding Tan, Yuan Hu, Qiyuan Bian, Zhihua Liu, Shan Qin, Bolin Zhu, Xiaoyu Xing, Jinlan Fu, Yue Zhang, Minlong Peng, Xiaoqing Zheng, Yaqian Zhou, Zhongyu Wei, Xipeng Qiu, Xuanjing Huang
| Challenge: | Existing approaches to textual robustness evaluation focus on slightly modifying the input data, which maintains the original meaning and results in a different prediction. |
| Approach: | They propose a multilingual robustness evaluation toolkit for NLP that integrates universal text transformations, task-specific transformations and adversarial attack. |
| Outcome: | The toolkit includes universal text transformation, task-specific transformation, adversarial attack, subpopulation, and their combinations to provide comprehensive robustness analyses. |
Knowledge Injection Exists in MoE? Exploring Expert-Aware Contrast Decoding in MoE for Mitigating LLMs’ Hallucinations (2026.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods to mitigate hallucinations include prompt engineering and model optimization, but lack domain generalization and potential errors in fine-tuning data may exacerbate the hallucism. |
| Approach: | They propose an expert-aware adaptive contrast decoding that uses expert differences in MoE’s higher layers to mitigate hallucinations on QA tasks. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method outperforms baseline models on four datasets Large language models (LLMs) show strong performance but suffer from hallucinations, limiting their application. |