Papers by Tan Lee
Good Examples Make A Faster Learner: Simple Demonstration-based Learning for Low-resource NER (2022.acl-long)
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Dong-Ho Lee, Akshen Kadakia, Kangmin Tan, Mahak Agarwal, Xinyu Feng, Takashi Shibuya, Ryosuke Mitani, Toshiyuki Sekiya, Jay Pujara, Xiang Ren
| Challenge: | Recent advances in prompt-based learning have shown strong results on few-shot text classification by using cloze-style templates. |
| Approach: | They propose a demonstration-based learning method which lets the input be prefaced by task demonstrations for in-context learning. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method improves on in-domain learning and domain adaptation in low-resource settings. |
Can Persona-Prompted LLMs Emulate Subgroup Values? An Empirical Analysis of Generalisability and Fairness in Cultural Alignment (2026.acl-long)
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Bryan Chen Zhengyu Tan, Zhengyuan Liu, Xiaoyuan Yi, Jing Yao, Xing Xie, Nancy F. Chen, Roy Ka-Wei Lee
| Challenge: | Current alignment paradigms treat "human values" as a monolithic entity, ignoring the fact that many societies are a mosaic of diverse subgroups with distinct and sometimes conflicting values, preferences, and norms. |
| Approach: | They examine whether Large Language Models can emulate distinct cultural values of subgroups . they use a global value survey to examine the value landscape of a multicultural society . |
| Outcome: | The proposed model improves on unseen, out-of-distribution subgroups by 17.4% . the model widens the disparity between subgroup groups when measured by distance-aware metrics. |
PodAgent: A Comprehensive Framework for Podcast Generation (2025.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Existing automatic audio generation methods struggle to generate podcast-like audio programs effectively. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework for creating podcast-like audio programs that generates informative topic-discussion content by designing a multi-agent collaboration system, builds a voice pool and uses LLM-enhanced speech synthesis to generate expressive conversational speech. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework surpasses direct GPT-4 generation in topic-discussion dialogue content, and produces more expressive conversational speech. |
DALK: Dynamic Co-Augmentation of LLMs and KG to answer Alzheimer’s Disease Questions with Scientific Literature (2024.findings-emnlp)
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Dawei Li, Shu Yang, Zhen Tan, Jae Baik, Sukwon Yun, Joseph Lee, Aaron Chacko, Bojian Hou, Duy Duong-Tran, Ying Ding, Huan Liu, Li Shen, Tianlong Chen
| Challenge: | Recent advances in large language models have achieved promising performances across various applications, but the challenge of integrating long-tail knowledge continues to impede the seamless adoption of LLMs in specialized domains. |
| Approach: | They propose a dynamic co-augmentation framework for the refinement of large language models and knowledge graphs in the context of Alzheimer's Disease. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework can be used to study Alzheimer's Disease (AD) using LLMs and KGs. |
Metacognitive Self-Correction for Multi-Agent System via Prototype-Guided Next-Execution Reconstruction (2026.findings-acl)
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Xu Shen, Qi Zhang, Song Wang, Zhen Tan, Xinyu Zhao, Laura Yao, Vaishnav Tadiparthi, Hossein Nourkhiz Mahjoub, Ehsan Moradi Pari, Kwonjoon Lee, Tianlong Chen
| Challenge: | Large Language Model based multi-agent systems (MAS) excel at collaborative problem solving but remain brittle to cascading errors. |
| Approach: | They propose a metacognitive framework that enables step-level error detection and self-correction in Large Language Model based multi-agent systems (MAS) . |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework outperforms baselines on the Who When benchmark and delivers consistent gains on AgentErrorBench. |
In Prospect and Retrospect: Reflective Memory Management for Long-term Personalized Dialogue Agents (2025.acl-long)
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Zhen Tan, Jun Yan, I-Hung Hsu, Rujun Han, Zifeng Wang, Long Le, Yiwen Song, Yanfei Chen, Hamid Palangi, George Lee, Anand Rajan Iyer, Tianlong Chen, Huan Liu, Chen-Yu Lee, Tomas Pfister
| Challenge: | Existing approaches to long-term dialogue memory management fail to capture the natural semantic structure of conversations, leading to fragmented and incomplete representations. |
| Approach: | They propose a mechanism that integrates forward- and backward-looking reflections into a personalized memory bank for effective future retrieval. |
| Outcome: | The proposed mechanism outperforms state-of-the-art benchmarks on a long-term dialogue memory model. |
MMAC: A Multilingual, Multimodal Alignment Framework for Cultural Grounding Evaluation (2026.acl-long)
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Weihua Zheng, Zhengyuan Liu, Tanmoy Chakraborty, Weiwen Xu, Xiaoxue Gao, Bryan Chen Zhengyu Tan, Bowei Zou, Chang Liu, Yujia Hu, Xing Xie, Xiaoyuan Yi, Jing Yao, Chaojun Wang, Long Li, Rui Liu, Huiyao Liu, Koji Inoue, Ryuichi Sumida, Tatsuya Kawahara, Fan Xu, Lingyu Ye, Wei Tian, Dongjun Kim, Jimin Jung, Jaehyung Seo, Nadya Yuki Wangsajaya, Pham Minh Duc, Ojasva Saxena, Palash Nandi, Xiyan Tao, Wiwik Karlina, Tuan Luong, Keertana Arun Vasan, Roy Ka-Wei Lee, Nancy F. Chen
| Challenge: | Existing models lack cultural alignment across modalities and languages . a new framework to assess cultural awareness across linguistics and languages is needed . |
| Approach: | They propose a framework that integrates tri-modally aligned cultural benchmarks and a five-dimensional evaluation protocol to assess cross-country awareness disparities. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework assesses cultural awareness disparities across modalities and languages . it is the first dataset aligned at the input level across text, image, and speech . |
Humor in Pixels: Benchmarking Large Multimodal Models Understanding of Online Comics (2025.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | PixelHumor is a benchmark dataset of 2,800 annotated multi-panel comics designed to evaluate LMMs’ ability to interpret multimodal humor and recognize narrative sequences. |
| Approach: | PixelHumor is a benchmark dataset of 2,800 annotated multi-panel comics designed to evaluate LMMs’ ability to interpret multimodal humor and recognize narrative sequences. |
| Outcome: | Experiments with state-of-the-art LMMs reveal that top models achieve only 61% accuracy in panel sequencing, far below human performance. |
ReMedi: Reasoner for Medical Clinical Prediction (2026.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Existing approaches to predicting future clinical outcomes from EHRs focus on enhancing medical knowledge through distillation or RAG while relying on the model’s internal ability to interpret contextual information. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework for improving clinical outcome prediction from EHR using a sample regeneration mechanism that leverages ground-truth answers as hints to enhance reasoning. |
| Outcome: | Experiments on multiple EHR prediction tasks show significant gains of up to 19.9% over state-of-the-art baselines in terms of F1 score, underscoring ReMedi’s effectiveness in real-world clinical prediction. |
Persuasion Dynamics in LLMs: Investigating Robustness and Adaptability in Knowledge and Safety with DuET-PD (2025.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Large Language Models (LLMs) can struggle to balance gullibility to misinformation and resistance to valid corrections in persuasive dialogues. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework evaluating multi-turn stance-change dynamics across dual dimensions: persuasion type and domain. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework improves LLM-3.1-8B-Instruct accuracy under misleading persuasion in safety contexts from 4.21% to 76.54%. |
Task-Aware Resolution Optimization for Visual Large Language Models (2025.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Existing visual large language models pre-assume a fixed resolution for downstream tasks, leading to sub-optimal performance. |
| Approach: | They propose a formula to determine the optimal resolution for a given vision-language task . they then propose 'parameter-efficient' fine-tuning technique to extend the visual input resolution . |
| Outcome: | The proposed method is based on rigorous experiments on vision-language tasks. |
LionGuard 2: Building Lightweight, Data-Efficient & Localised Multilingual Content Moderators (2025.emnlp-demos)
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| Challenge: | a new study shows that moderation systems that ignore localisation and low-resource variants risk degraded performance and exploitation in real-world deployments. |
| Approach: | They propose a lightweight, multilingual moderation classifier tailored to Singapore's context . it uses pre-trained OpenAI embeddings and a multi-head ordinal classifier . |
| Outcome: | The proposed classifier outperforms commercial and open-source models across 17 benchmarks. |
Case-based Reasoning for Natural Language Queries over Knowledge Bases (2021.emnlp-main)
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Rajarshi Das, Manzil Zaheer, Dung Thai, Ameya Godbole, Ethan Perez, Jay Yoon Lee, Lizhen Tan, Lazaros Polymenakos, Andrew McCallum
| Challenge: | Using human-labeled examples, case-based reasoning can solve complex problems from scratch . case-Based reasoning is a paradigm that is used to solve complex problem . |
| Approach: | They propose a neuro-symbolic CBR approach for question answering over large knowledge bases. |
| Outcome: | The proposed approach outperforms the current state of the art on a CWQ dataset by 11% on accuracy. |
BLEnD-Vis: Benchmarking Multimodal Cultural Understanding in Vision Language Models (2026.eacl-long)
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Bryan Chen Zhengyu Tan, Weihua Zheng, Zhengyuan Liu, Nancy F. Chen, Hwaran Lee, Kenny Tsu Wei Choo, Roy Ka-Wei Lee
| Challenge: | Existing evaluations assess static recall or isolated visual grounding, leaving unanswered whether VLMs possess robust and transferable cultural understanding. |
| Approach: | They propose a multimodal, multicultural benchmark to evaluate the robustness of everyday cultural knowledge in vision-language models across linguistic rephrasings and visual modalities. |
| Outcome: | ‘BLEnD-Vis‘ constructs 313 culturally grounded question templates spanning 16 regions and generates three aligned multiple-choice formats. |
Unmasking Implicit Bias: Evaluating Persona-Prompted LLM Responses in Power-Disparate Social Scenarios (2025.naacl-long)
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| Challenge: | Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in simulating human behaviour and social intelligence, but they risk perpetuating societal biases, especially when demographic information is involved. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework that measures semantic shifts in responses and an LLM-judged Preference Win Rate to assess how demographic prompts affect response quality across power-disparate social scenarios. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework measures semantic shifts in responses and an LLM-judged Preference Win Rate (WR) to assess how demographic prompts affect response quality across power-disparate social scenarios. |
CodeJudgeBench: Benchmarking LLM-as-a-Judge for Coding Tasks (2026.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used to judge code, but their reliability remains poorly understood. |
| Approach: | They propose a benchmark to evaluate Large Language Models as code judges . they find that small reasoning models outperform larger non-reasoning models . |
| Outcome: | The proposed benchmark evaluates LLM-as-a-Judge models across three coding tasks. |
HABERTOR: An Efficient and Effective Deep Hatespeech Detector (2020.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | HABERTOR model is a highly efficient and effective alternative to BERT for the hatespeech classification task. |
| Approach: | They propose to modify BERT's HABERTOR model to generate its own vocabularies and pre-trained it using the largest scale hatespeech dataset. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model is faster, more efficient and more robust than existing methods for hatespeech classification. |
MobileQuant: Mobile-friendly Quantization for On-device Language Models (2024.findings-emnlp)
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Fuwen Tan, Royson Lee, Łukasz Dudziak, Shell Xu Hu, Sourav Bhattacharya, Timothy Hospedales, Georgios Tzimiropoulos, Brais Martinez
| Challenge: | Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized language processing, but deployment on edge devices is costly in terms of memory, computation and energy. |
| Approach: | They propose to reduce the number of bits used to represent weights and activations . they propose to use 8-bit activations to enable LLMs to fully exploit mobile-friendly hardware . |
| Outcome: | The proposed method reduces the number of bits used to represent weights and activations . 8-bit activations are attractive for on-device deployment as they would exploit mobile-friendly hardware . |