Papers by Jie Zeng
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| Challenge: | Multilingual pre-trained language models have demonstrated impressive (zero-shot) cross-lingual transfer abilities, however, their performance is hindered when the target language has distant typology from the source language or when pre-training data is limited in size. |
| Approach: | They propose a method that contextually retrieves prompts as flexible guidance for encoding instances conditionally. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method improves on the XTREME task and also for low-resource languages in unsupervised sentence retrieval. |
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| Challenge: | Existing datasets for event understanding have limited coverage due to complexity of tasks. |
| Approach: | They propose a dataset that augments MAVEN datasets with event argument annotations . they propose 98,591 events and 290,613 arguments obtained with laborious human annotation . |
| Outcome: | The proposed dataset is the first all-in-one dataset supporting event detection, event argument extraction, and event relation extraction. |
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| Challenge: | Existing studies focus on compressing the Key-Value cache or grouping attention heads, while overlooking redundancy between layers. |
| Approach: | They propose a lightweight substitute for self-attention in well-trained LLMs that uses feed-forward networks to align attention heads between adjacent layers and low-rank matrices to approximate differences in layer-wise attention weights. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model reduces redundancy by sharing weights across layers while maintaining high response quality while reducing redundant calculations within 53% 84% of the total layers. |
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| Challenge: | Existing methods for extending the maximum context lengths of language models are lacking a strong baseline for in-context few-shot classification and on more challenging Chain-of-Thought reasoning, such as HotpotQA, deteriorate question miscomprehension and false inference. |
| Approach: | They propose to harness window-wise attention and positional embedding techniques to extend the maximum context lengths of language models. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method is able to extend the maximum context lengths of language models, e.g., 2048 for LLaMA, by harnessing window-wise attention and positional embedding techniques. |
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| Challenge: | Existing methods for fine-tuning-based compression suffer from verbose outputs, increasing computational overhead. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework to generate concise reasoning chains using Confidence Injection and Early Stopping. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework reduces the length of the model by up to 50% while maintaining high task accuracy. |
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| Challenge: | Existing data selection methods for RLVR are heuristic-based, lacking theoretical guarantees and generalizability. |
| Approach: | They propose an off-policy influence estimation method that approximates data influence using offline trajectories. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method reduces the computational cost of policy rollouts and improves storage and computation efficiency. |
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| Challenge: | Aspect Sentiment Quad Prediction (ASQP) aims to predict all quads (aspect term, aspect category, opinion term, sentiment polarity) for a given review. |
| Approach: | They propose a self-training framework with a pseudo-label scorer to assess the match between reviews and their pseudo-labels and train a generative model on it. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework can predict all quads (aspect term, aspect category, opinion term, sentiment polarity) for a given review, and it can significantly improve self-training. |
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| Challenge: | Existing evaluation frameworks for audio foundation models are heavily reliant on English, making it difficult to objectively assess models’ performance on Chinese. |
| Approach: | They propose a unified framework that supports 10 languages, 14 task categories, 24 models, and 36 benchmarks with one-command evaluation and real-time leaderboards. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework supports 10 languages, 14 task categories, 24 models, and 36 benchmarks with one-command evaluation and real-time leaderboards. |
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| Challenge: | Large Language Models (LLMs) are efficient assistants to humans in software development tasks, but they can cause errors during the development process. |
| Approach: | They propose an intention aligned multi-agent framework that ensures that all agents work based on a consensus. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework reduces errors and improves the quality of generated software code. |
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| Challenge: | Reinforcement learning (RL) is widely applied to boost the performance of pretrained models, yet its training efficiency is severely constrained by rollout generation. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework that accelerates the rollout phase for diverse models by equipping a pipeline to equip the multi-layer parameter-sharing MTP for all models and an advantage-aware MTP optimization strategy. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework achieves stable growth of acceptance length during RL training, and also accelerates RL rollouts, achieving an average 23.1%–55.3% reduction in rollout time compared to baselines. |
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| Challenge: | Recent advances in large language models have improved their capacity to handle long text inputs, but current models still exhibit unsatisfactory performance in long-form generation. |
| Approach: | They propose a method to enhance long-form text generation through step-level supervision by leveraging Monte Carlo Tree Search to collect stepwise preference pairs and employ a global memory pool to maintain factual accuracy. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method improves performance on long-form generation benchmarks while maintaining lossless performance on several general benchmarks. |
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| Challenge: | Open large language models (LLMs) with great performance in various tasks are far inferior to commercial models such as ChatGPT and GPT-4 when acting as agents to tackle complex tasks in the real world. |
| Approach: | They propose a method to enhance the agent capabilities of LLMs while maintaining their general abilities. |
| Outcome: | The AgentLM-70B is comparable to GPT-3.5-turbo on unseen agent tasks, demonstrating generalized agent capabilities. |
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| Challenge: | Existing datasets for dialogue summarization are limited to their small sizes and are built from a narrow domain. |
| Approach: | They propose a large-scale media interview dataset consisting of 463.6K transcripts with abstractive summaries. |
| Outcome: | The proposed dataset is larger and contains multi-party conversations from multiple domains. |
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| Challenge: | Existing generative approaches struggle with the knowledge gap between visual entity information and the intrinsic parametric knowledge of LLMs. |
| Approach: | They propose a knowledge retrieval method that leverages external sources to enhance visual entity information and a prioritization scheme that handles noisy retrieval results. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method shows improvements of 3.0% to 6.5% across all evaluation metrics compared to baselines. |
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| Challenge: | Existing studies on pre-trained Transformers show that they learn fine-grained neuron functions. |
| Approach: | They examine the presence of modularity in pre-trained Transformers . they focus on Mixture-of-Experts, a promising candidate for modularity . |
| Outcome: | The proposed structure stabilizes at the early stage, which is faster than neuron stabilization. |
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| Challenge: | Commercial machine translation engines are proficient in addressing the majority of translation requirements. |
| Approach: | They propose to combine NMT and MT-oriented LLMs to achieve superior translation quality by combining their strengths. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model can handle complex scenarios beyond the capability of NMT alone. |
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| Challenge: | Existing methods for event prediction are incomplete and noisy. |
| Approach: | They propose to use news-related event schemas to extract newsworthy events . they build a demo website and include a video demonstrating the framework . |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework can be applied to a wide variety of newsworthy scenarios. |
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| Challenge: | Existing studies have shown that pre-trained langauge models tend to memorize and regenerate segments of their pre-training corpus when prompted appropriately. |
| Approach: | They conduct the first comprehensive analysis to explore language models’ memorization during fine-tuning across tasks. |
| Outcome: | The proposed analysis shows that memorization presents a strong disparity among different fine-tuning tasks. |
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| Challenge: | Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is a powerful technique to facilitate language model generation with proprietary and private data, where data privacy is . a privacy issue that is currently under-explored, is posed by RAG. |
| Approach: | They propose to use retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) to facilitate language model generation with proprietary and private data where data privacy is a pivotal concern. |
| Outcome: | The proposed attack methods demonstrate that RAG can mitigate the old risks, i.e., leakage of the LLMs’ training data. |
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| Challenge: | Large language models (LLMs) have shown excellent mastering of human language but struggle in real-world applications that require mathematical problem-solving. |
| Approach: | They propose a pipeline to train a general Math-Critique model from the LLM itself to provide feedback signals and employ rejective fine-tuning and direct preference optimization over the Llm's own generations for data collection. |
| Outcome: | The proposed pipeline outperforms existing LLMs that could be two times larger. |
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| Challenge: | Recent research shows a weak correlation between n-gram-based metrics and human evaluations in machine translation tasks. |
| Approach: | They propose to use multiple references generated by LLMs to improve alignment between automatic metrics and human evaluations. |
| Outcome: | The proposed approach improves the alignment between automatic metrics and human evaluations on the WMT22 benchmark with 4 languages and achieves a maximum accuracy gain of 9.5%. |
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| Challenge: | Recent years, pre-trained language models (PLMs) have achieved promising results on various NLP tasks. |
| Approach: | They propose an open-source toolkit for big model inference and tuning which can support big model tuning at extremely low computation cost. |
| Outcome: | The proposed toolkit can support big model inference and tuning at extremely low computation cost. |
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| Challenge: | Existing approaches to remove copyrighted and privacy-sensitive data from Large Language Models (LLMs) have been proposed to remove specific data from LLMs without requiring full retraining. |
| Approach: | They propose a general framework that enhances the utility of fine-tuning-based methods by distinguishing target data and suppressing related generations. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework improves the unlearning and utility of fine-tuning-based methods by distinguishing the target data and suppressing related generations. |
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| Challenge: | Existing methods to verify factuality of claims do not provide sufficient evidence for explainable fact-checking systems. |
| Approach: | They propose a method to automatically retrieve and summarize evidence from the Web and a novel multilingual explainable fact-checking dataset on the Russia-Ukraine conflict in 2022. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method can retrieve and summarize evidence from the Web and generate explanations in 16 languages. |
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| Challenge: | Large language models (LLMs) follow instructions with elaborate requirements, yet it remains under-explored how to enhance their ability to follow complex instructions with multiple constraints. |
| Approach: | They propose a method to obtain and utilize effective training data to enhance LLMs' ability to follow complex instructions with multiple constraints. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework improves models' ability to follow instructions generally and generalize effectively across out-of-domain, in domain, and adversarial settings while maintaining general capabilities. |
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| Challenge: | Existing knowledge injection methods are not suitable for enhancing pre-trained language models with external knowledge bases. |
| Approach: | They propose a plug-and-play knowledge injection method where knowledge bases are injected into frozen existing downstream models by a knowledge plugin. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method improves the performance of knowledge injection on knowledge-driven tasks while keeping model parameters frozen. |
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| Challenge: | Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) can process text, images, and audio, but they introduce privacy vulnerabilities. |
| Approach: | They propose a compositional structured prompt attack to exploit MRAG privacy vulnerabilities . they show that LMMs can generate outputs resembling retrieved content . |
| Outcome: | The proposed approach generates outputs resembling retrieved content and exposes sensitive information. |
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| Challenge: | In real-world scenarios, user instructions often contain soft constraints, which are semantically related and cannot be rule-based verified, posing challenges for large language models. |
| Approach: | They propose a pipeline to construct datasets with high-quality outputs for instructions containing soft constraints automatically and use Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) as the training method. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model improves the LLMs' soft constraint following ability by using direct preference optimization (DPO) and constraint quantity. |
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| Challenge: | Existing pipelines for generating high-quality, ultra-detailed image captions are limited by the scarcity of image caption data. |
| Approach: | They propose a pipeline for generating high-quality, ultra-detailed image captions that integrates both pre-processing and post-processor stages. |
| Outcome: | The proposed pipeline improves LVLMs' perception and cognitive abilities across multiple vision-language benchmarks. |
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| Challenge: | Existing studies show that training-based methods are ineffective to detect LLM generated texts from unseen tasks or topics which are not collected during training. |
| Approach: | They propose to train classification models to distinguish LLMs from human texts by a distribution shift caused by prompts, text lengths, topics, and language tasks. |
| Outcome: | The proposed methods can detect LLMs from black-box models, but they suffer from distribution shifts due to a wide range of factors, including prompts, text lengths, topics, and language tasks. |
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| Challenge: | Neural Machine Translation (NMT) has made remarkable progress over the past years, but under-translation and over-translatation remain challenging obstacles faced by NMT systems. |
| Approach: | They propose to employ the confidence of predicting the end of sentence (EOS) as a detector for under-translation and strengthen the confidence-based penalty to penalize candidates with a high risk of under-translated. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method can detect and rectify under-translated outputs, with minor impact on other correct translations. |
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| Challenge: | Existing reinforcement learning approaches suffer from dependency on external supervision and sparse reward signals from multi-constraint tasks. |
| Approach: | They propose a self-supervised reinforcement learning framework that eliminates dependency on external supervision by deriving reward signals directly from instructions and generating pseudo-labels for reward model training. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework achieves strong improvements across 3 in-domain and 5 out-of-domain datasets while maintaining computational efficiency. |
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| Challenge: | Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities in automating code generation, but they suffer from insufficient exploration of the vast solution space. |
| Approach: | They propose a large-scale LLM-driven code generation framework that efficiently finds high-quality solutions in only a few iterations. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework outperforms baselines while maintaining reasonable time and computational costs. |
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| Challenge: | Recent work on DeepNorm scales Transformers into extremely deep (1000 layers) due to the training instability of Transformers, the depths of these SOTA models are still relatively shallow. |
| Approach: | They propose a branch-rescaled model which dynamically rescales the non-residual branch of Transformer in accordance with the training period. |
| Outcome: | The proposed approach significantly outperforms existing shallow models on multiple translation tasks and achieves better training stability and convergent performance. |
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| Challenge: | Existing approaches to enhance LLMs' performance in machine translation are unable to fully exploit their instruction-following capabilities. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework for translating through self-reflection that involves two stages of inference . they propose to use the framework to refine LLMs' preliminary translations . |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework can produce translation outputs that match the quality of NMT systems. |
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| Challenge: | JODP optimizes policies on fixed training inputs, limiting the diversity of learning signals. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework where policy generates improved variants of training problems to enhance its own learning. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework improves on safety alignment tasks by allowing 4B models to reach 8B model performance with less than 1% additional computational overhead. |
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| Challenge: | Existing literature suggests that RAG systems may face privacy issues when the retrieval process involves private data. |
| Approach: | They propose a two-stage synthetic data generation paradigm that uses attributes to preserve contextual information from the original data. |
| Outcome: | The proposed approach preserves key contextual information from the original data while reducing privacy risks. |
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| Challenge: | Large language models (LLMs) can perform conditional sequence generation tasks, such as translation or summarization, through instruction fine-tuning. |
| Approach: | They propose to shift the position of task instructions after the input sentences to enhance the model's instruction-following capability. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method outperforms traditional settings across various model scales (1B / 7B & 13B) and different sequence generation tasks (translation and summarization) without any additional data or annotation costs. |
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| Challenge: | Large language models (LLMs) can only handle texts a few thousand tokens long, limiting their applications on longer sequence inputs, such as books, reports, and codebases. |
| Approach: | They propose a bilingual, multi-task benchmark for long context understanding that extends context windows and more sophisticated memory mechanisms to improve models' long context capabilities. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms open-source models but struggles on longer contexts. |
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| Challenge: | Existing neural models have difficulty generalizing to unseen combinations of seen components. |
| Approach: | They propose to improve the capability of Transformer on compositional generalization by consistency regularization training without modifying model architectures. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model performs well on semantic parsing and machine translation benchmarks. |
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| Challenge: | Existing models for NLP evaluations lack the ability to generate informative critiques in pointwise grading and pairwise comparison especially without references. |
| Approach: | They propose a method which can acquire pointwise grading critiques with pseudo references and revise these critiques via multi-path prompting to obtain informative evaluation data in different tasks and settings. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method outperforms all open-source models and even GPT-4 in system-level correlations of pointwise grading. |
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| Challenge: | Motivational interviewing (MI) is a goal-directed dialogue aimed at motivating clients to change their behavior. |
| Approach: | They propose a method for updating multi-frame dialogue states and a strategy decision mechanism that dynamically determines the response focus in a manner grounded in MI principles. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method generates responses aligned with MI principles and frequently asks questions to elicit change talk. |
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| Challenge: | Existing sentence ordering models can be classified into pairwise ordering models and set-to-sequence models. |
| Approach: | They propose a novel sentence ordering framework which introduces two classifiers to make better use of pairwise orderings for graph-based sentence ordering. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model achieves state-of-the-art performance on five commonly-used datasets. |
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| Challenge: | Existing large language models struggle to follow multi-constraint instructions in real-world applications. |
| Approach: | They propose to quantify the difficulty distribution of constraints by a novel Difficulty Distribution Index (CDDI) they find that LLMs are more performant when presented with constraints in a “hard-to-easy” order. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model is more performant when presented with constraints in a “hard-to-easy” order, compared with existing models with different architectures and sizes of parameters. |
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| Challenge: | Existing memory frameworks provide limited support for temporally structured information across hierarchical levels, leading to fragmented memories and unstable long-horizon personalization. |
| Approach: | They propose a temporal–hierarchical memory framework that organizes conversations through a Temporal Memory Tree. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework outperforms baselines while reducing the recalled memory length by 52.20%. |