Papers by Jian Du
RWKV: Reinventing RNNs for the Transformer Era (2023.findings-emnlp)
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Bo Peng, Eric Alcaide, Quentin Anthony, Alon Albalak, Samuel Arcadinho, Stella Biderman, Huanqi Cao, Xin Cheng, Michael Chung, Leon Derczynski, Xingjian Du, Matteo Grella, Kranthi Gv, Xuzheng He, Haowen Hou, Przemyslaw Kazienko, Jan Kocon, Jiaming Kong, Bartłomiej Koptyra, Hayden Lau, Jiaju Lin, Krishna Sri Ipsit Mantri, Ferdinand Mom, Atsushi Saito, Guangyu Song, Xiangru Tang, Johan Wind, Stanisław Woźniak, Zhenyuan Zhang, Qinghua Zhou, Jian Zhu, Rui-Jie Zhu
| Challenge: | recurrent neural networks struggle to match the performance of Transformers due to limitations in parallelization and scalability. |
| Approach: | They propose a model architecture that combines the efficient parallelizable training of transformers with the efficient inference of RNNs. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model performs on par with similarly sized RNNs, suggesting future work can leverage this architecture to create more efficient models. |
IW-Bench: Evaluating Large Multimodal Models for Converting Image-to-Web (2025.findings-acl)
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Hongcheng Guo, Wei Zhang, Junhao Chen, Yaonan Gu, Jian Yang, Junjia Du, Shaosheng Cao, Binyuan Hui, Tianyu Liu, Jianxin Ma, Chang Zhou, Zhoujun Li
| Challenge: | Existing models have been introduced to improve image comprehension, but there is no robust benchmark for imagetoweb conversion. |
| Approach: | They propose a benchmark to assess imagetoweb conversion proficiency of large multimodal models . they propose to measure layout information of web pages by parsing the Document Object Model tree . |
| Outcome: | The proposed benchmark measures the layout information of web pages—i.e., the positional relationships between elements—which has been overlooked by prior work. |
Towards Reliable Large Audio Language Model (2025.findings-acl)
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Ziyang Ma, Xiquan Li, Yakun Song, Wenxi Chen, Chenpeng Du, Jian Wu, Yuanzhe Chen, Zhuo Chen, Yuping Wang, Yuxuan Wang, Xie Chen
| Challenge: | Recent advances in large audio language models (LALMs) have demonstrated impressive results and promising prospects in universal understanding and reasoning across speech, music, and general sound. |
| Approach: | They propose to use training-free and training-based methods to enhance LALM reliability to different extents. |
| Outcome: | The proposed methods improve the reliability of large audio language models to different extents. |
VPL: Visual Proxy Learning Framework for Zero-Shot Medical Image Diagnosis (2024.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | Insufficient medical text precision and the modal disparity between text and vision spaces pose challenges for vision-language models like CLIP. |
| Approach: | They propose a visual proxy learning framework that combines a text refinement module and a stable Sinkhorn algorithm to enhance the diagnostic performance. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms the state-of-the-art CLIP inference by 1.69% to 15.31% on five datasets covering various diseases. |
A Comprehensive Evaluation of Quantization Strategies for Large Language Models (2024.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Quantization studies have focused on instruction-tuned LLMs, leaving their performance on other benchmarks unclear. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework to evaluate quantized large language models using four dimensions . they propose to reduce the bits needed for model weights or activations with minimal performance loss . |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework can retain comparable performance to non-quantized LLMs on most benchmarks. |
MBA-RAG: a Bandit Approach for Adaptive Retrieval-Augmented Generation through Question Complexity (2025.coling-main)
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| Challenge: | Existing RAG frameworks either indiscriminately perform retrieval or rely on rigid single-label classifiers to select retrieval methods. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework that dynamically selects the most suitable retrieval strategy based on query complexity. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework achieves state-of-the-art results on multiple single-hop and multi-hop datasets while reducing retrieval costs. |
Adversarial Preference Optimization: Enhancing Your Alignment via RM-LLM Game (2024.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods for training large language models require additional annotations to adjust to shifted distributions. |
| Approach: | They propose an algorithm that allows LLMs and reward models to update alternatively via a min-max game to improve their alignment. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework improves existing alignment baselines in terms of LLM helpfulness and harmlessness. |
Context-Fidelity Boosting: Enhancing Faithful Generation through Watermark-Inspired Decoding (2026.findings-acl)
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Weixu Zhang, Fanghua Ye, Qiang Gao, Jian Li, Haolun Wu, Yuxing Tian, Sijing Duan, Nan Du, Xiaolong Li
| Challenge: | Large language models produce content that contradicts or overlooks information provided in the input context, a phenomenon known as faithfulness hallucination. |
| Approach: | They propose a lightweight framework that boosts the generation probability of context-relevant tokens by boosting the generation of tokens. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework improves faithfulness metrics with minimal generation overhead. |
CodeTool: Enhancing Programmatic Tool Invocation of LLMs via Process Supervision (2025.acl-long)
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YifeiLu YifeiLu, Fanghua Ye, Jian Li, Qiang Gao, Cheng Liu, Haibo Luo, Nan Du, Xiaolong Li, Feiliang Ren
| Challenge: | Existing approaches to tool invocation are often unnecessarily long and require lengthy reasoning paths. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework for stepwise code generation that improves LLM tool invocation . they incorporate two distinct process rewards: the On-the-spot and the Latent Reward . |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework improves LLM tool invocation by leveraging the concise nature of code. |
MCGA: A Multi-task Classical Chinese Literary Genre Audio Corpus (2026.findings-acl)
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Yexing Du, Kaiyuan Liu, Bihe Zhang, Youcheng Pan, Bo Yang, Liangyu Huo, Xiyuan Zhang, Jian Xie, Daojing He, Yang Xiang, Ming Liu, Bing Qin
| Challenge: | Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have advanced Chinese Classical Studies (CCS) but the audio dimension of CCS remains underexplored due to a lack of high-quality, domain-specific audio corpora. |
| Approach: | They propose a 119-hour audio corpus comprising 22,000 audio samples to bridge this gap . it encompasses a diverse range of literary genres across six tasks . |
| Outcome: | The proposed corpus encompasses a diverse range of literary genres across six tasks: Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR), Speech-to-Text Translation (S2TT), Speech Emotion Captioning (SEC), Spoken Question Answering ( SQA), Speech Understanding (SU), and Speech Reasoning (SR). |
CogniBench: A Legal-inspired Framework and Dataset for Assessing Cognitive Faithfulness of Large Language Models (2025.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Existing benchmarks focus on “factual statements” that rephrase source materials, but ignore “cognitive statements” . evaluating and detecting "faithfulness hallucinations" remains challenging . |
| Approach: | They propose a framework to assess faithfulness of cognitive statements and introduce a dataset to scale easily across models. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework assesses faithfulness of cognitive statements and scales easily across models. |
COIG-P: A High-Quality and Large-Scale Chinese Preference Dataset for Alignment with Human Values (2026.findings-eacl)
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Siwei Wu, JinCheng Ren, Xeron Du, Shuyue Guo, Xingwei Qu, Yiming Liang, Jie Liu, Yunwen Li, Tyler Loakman, Tianyu Zheng, Boyu Feng, Huaqing Yuan, Zili Wang, Jiaheng Liu, Wenhao Huang, Chenglin Cai, Haoran Que, Jian Yang, Yuelin Bai, Zekun Moore Wang, Zhouliang Yu, Qunshu Lin, Ding Pan, Yuchen Eleanor Jiang, Tiannan Wang, Wangchunshu Zhou, Shenzhi Wang, Xingyuan Bu, Minghao Liu, Guoyin Wang, Ge Zhang, Chenghua Lin
| Challenge: | Existing Chinese preference datasets suffer from limited scale, restricted domain coverage, and insufficiently rigorous data validation. |
| Approach: | They propose an LLM-based data annotation pipeline with no human intervention to annotate Chinese preference datasets. |
| Outcome: | The proposed pipeline outperforms existing Chinese preference datasets on AlignBench and Chinese Reward Benchmark. |
Taming Text-to-Image Synthesis for Novices: User-centric Prompt Generation via Multi-turn Guidance (2025.emnlp-main)
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Yilun Liu, Minggui He, Feiyu Yao, Yuhe Ji, Shimin Tao, Jingzhou Du, Justin Li, Jian Gao, Zhang Li, Hao Yang, Boxing Chen, Osamu Yoshie
| Challenge: | Existing solutions for text-to-image synthesis are sensitive on textual prompts, posing a challenge for novice users. |
| Approach: | They propose a dialogue-based TIS prompt generation model that emphasizes user experience for novice users. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model emphasizes user experience for novice users . it improves user-centricity score while maintaining a competitive quality of synthesized images. |
Mind’s Mirror: Distilling Self-Evaluation Capability and Comprehensive Thinking from Large Language Models (2024.naacl-long)
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| Challenge: | Large language models (LLMs) have achieved significant advances in natural language processing, but their scale and computational demands pose challenges to their practical application. |
| Approach: | They propose a method for distilling the self-evaluation capability from LLMs into SLMs and advocate for more comprehensive thinking by incorporating multiple distinct CoTs and self-estimation outputs. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method significantly improves the performance of distilled SLMs on three NLP benchmarks. |
LLMs Can Simulate Standardized Patients via Agent Coevolution (2025.acl-long)
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Zhuoyun Du, LujieZheng LujieZheng, Renjun Hu, Yuyang Xu, Xiawei Li, Ying Sun, Wei Chen, Jian Wu, Haolei Cai, Haochao Ying
| Challenge: | Training medical personnel using standardized patients (SPs) remains a complex challenge, necessitating extensive domain expertise and role-specific practice. |
| Approach: | They propose a simulated patient framework that allows patient agents to simulate diagnostic process through multi-turn dialogues. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework improves over existing reasoning methods by more than 10% in requirement alignment and better human preference after evolving over 200 cases for 10 hours with excellent generalizability. |
Explicit and Implicit Data Augmentation for Social Event Detection (2025.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Social event detection relies on labeled data, but annotation is costly and labor-intensive. |
| Approach: | They propose a plug-and-play dual augmentation framework that combines explicit text-based and implicit feature-space augmentation to enhance data diversity and model robustness. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework outperforms the best baseline model by 17.67% on the Twitter2012 dataset and 15.57% on the twitter2018 dataset in terms of the average F1 score. |
MCP-Flow: Facilitating LLM Agents to Master Real-World, Diverse and Scaling MCP Tools (2026.acl-long)
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WenHao Wang, Peizhi Niu, Zhao Xu, Zhaoyu Chen, Jian Du, Yaxin Du, Xianghe Pang, Keduan Huang, Yanfeng Wang, Qiang Yan, Siheng Chen
| Challenge: | Existing research on Large Language Models (LLMs) relies on few servers and lacks training support. |
| Approach: | They propose a web-agent-driven pipeline for large-scale server discovery, data synthesis, and model training that collects and filters data from 1166 servers and 11536 tools. |
| Outcome: | Empirical evidence shows that MCP-Flow generates higher quality instruction-function call pairs and higher agentic task performance than previous work. |
TokenShapley: Token Level Context Attribution with Shapley Value (2025.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Large language models (LLMs) have strong capabilities in in-context learning, but verifying the correctness of their generated responses remains a challenge. |
| Approach: | They propose a token-level attribution method that combines Shapley value-based data attribution with KNN-based retrieval techniques to improve attribution accuracy. |
| Outcome: | TokenShapley outperforms state-of-the-art methods on four benchmarks . it achieves an 11–23% improvement in accuracy on the benchmarks. |
Attribution-Guided Multi-Object Hallucination and Bias Detection in Vision-Language Models (2026.eacl-long)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods struggle with multi-object grounding because language priors dominate visual evidence, causing hallucinated or biased objects to produce attention distributions or similarity scores nearly indistinguishable from those of real objects. |
| Approach: | They propose a Shapley value-based attribution framework that uses Kernel SHAP and multi-layer fusion to detect hallucinated and biased objects. |
| Outcome: | Evaluated on ADE and COCO datasets, SHAPLENS improves hallucination detection accuracy by 8–12% and F1 by 10–14% over baselines. |