Challenge: In today's globalized world, communication is difficult and often the language barrier still prevents communication.
Approach: They have developed a low-latency translation system that is adapted to lectures and covers several language pairs.
Outcome: The proposed system improves performance but also covers several European languages.

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Multilingual Neural Machine Translation (2020.coling-tutorials)

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Challenge: In this tutorial, we will cover the latest advances in NMT to enhance low-resource translation.
Approach: They will cover the latest advances in NMT approaches that leverage multilingualism . they will focus on topics such as language divergence, transfer learning and pivoting .
Outcome: This tutorial will cover the latest advances in NMT to enhance low-resource translation models.
Improving Massively Multilingual Neural Machine Translation and Zero-Shot Translation (2020.acl-main)

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Challenge: Existing approaches to improve multilingual neural machine translation (NMT) are weak, and lack robustness to support language pairs with varying typological characteristics.
Approach: They propose to deepen NMT models to support language pairs with varying typological characteristics by random online backtranslation.
Outcome: The proposed approach narrows the performance gap with bilingual models and improves zero-shot performance by 10 BLEU, approaching conventional pivot-based methods.
A General Framework for Adaptation of Neural Machine Translation to Simultaneous Translation (2020.aacl-main)

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Challenge: Despite the success of neural machine translation, simultaneous neural machine translators are challenging due to syntactic structure difference and simultaneity requirements.
Approach: They propose a framework for adapting neural machine translation to translate simultaneously . they propose 'prefix translation' that utilizes a consecutive NMT model to translate source prefixes .
Outcome: The proposed framework balancing quality and latency on three translation corpora and two language pairs shows that it performs well.
Revisiting Modularized Multilingual NMT to Meet Industrial Demands (2020.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Currently, the complete sharing of parameters for multilingual translation (1-1) is the most popular approach because of its compactness.
Approach: They propose to use a multilingual neural machine translation model that only shares modules among the same languages as 1-1 to satisfy industrial requirements.
Outcome: The proposed model can enjoy the benefits of multi-way training without the capacity bottleneck and low maintainability.
Pivot-based Transfer Learning for Neural Machine Translation between Non-English Languages (D19-1)

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Challenge: Using parallel corpora, we train a single, direct NMT model for non-English language pairs.
Approach: They propose three ways to increase the relation among source, pivot, and target languages in pre-training . they use additional adapter component to smoothly connect pre-trained encoder and decoder .
Outcome: The proposed methods outperform multilingual models up to +2.6% BLEU in WMT 2019 French-German and German-Czech tasks.
Multilingual Neural Machine Translation with Language Clustering (D19-1)

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Challenge: Existing work on multilingual neural machine translation has been neglected due to its burdensome training process.
Approach: They develop a framework that clusters languages into different groups and trains one multilingual model for each cluster.
Outcome: The proposed model reduces the cost of training and improves translation accuracy.
Massively Multilingual Neural Machine Translation (N19-1)

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Challenge: Multilingual Neural Machine Translation models support translation from multiple source languages into multiple target languages.
Approach: They perform extensive experiments in training massively multilingual NMT models involving up to 103 distinct languages and 204 translation directions simultaneously.
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms the state-of-the-art in low resource settings while supporting up to 59 languages in 116 translation directions.
Fluent and Low-latency Simultaneous Speech-to-Speech Translation with Self-adaptive Training (2020.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Current approaches to simultaneous speech-to-speech translation accumulate more and more latencies in later sentences when the speaker talks faster.
Approach: They propose a method which generates more fluent target speech latency than the baseline . they propose to use self-adaptive translation to adjust the length of translations to accommodate different source speech rates.
Outcome: Xiong et al., 2019) show that the proposed method generates more fluent target speech latency than baseline . authors say it provides more natural communication process than speech-to-text translation . xiong and colleagues say the proposed technique is more efficient than current approaches .
Does Multi-Encoder Help? A Case Study on Context-Aware Neural Machine Translation (2020.acl-main)

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Challenge: In encoder-decoder neural models, multiple encoders are used to represent contextual information in addition to the individual sentence.
Approach: They propose to use multiple context encoders to encode the individual sentences in document-level neural machine translation (NMT) They propose a noisy dropout setup and a single-encoder approach to encode context sentences.
Outcome: The proposed approach encodes the context and the current sentence without contexts.
Zero-Shot Cross-Lingual Transfer of Neural Machine Translation with Multilingual Pretrained Encoders (2021.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Existing work on improving cross-lingual transferability of NMT model is under-explored.
Approach: They propose a model that leverages a multilingual pretrained encoder to improve cross-lingual transferability.
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms mBART and m2m-100 on a zero-shot cross-lingual transfer task.

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