Challenge: Video-to-speech (V2S) synthesis requires acoustic hints to accurately reconstruct both speech content and speaker characteristics from video clips alone.
Approach: They propose a video-to-speech (V2S) model that predicts Mel-spectrograms directly from video frames.
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms existing models in acoustic intelligibility and preserves speaker-specific characteristics.

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AV-TranSpeech: Audio-Visual Robust Speech-to-Speech Translation (2023.acl-long)

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Challenge: Existing models for speech-to-speech translation suffer from distinct degradation in noisy environments and fail to translate visual speech.
Approach: They propose a text-based audio-visual speech-to-speech translation model that integrates visual information with audio-only data to improve system robustness.
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms models trained on audio-only corpus in two languages . it also improves with low-resource audio-visual data, compared with baselines .
Progressive Facial Granularity Aggregation with Bilateral Attribute-based Enhancement for Face-to-Speech Synthesis (2025.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Existing methods for generating speech from facial images rely on pre-trained visual encoders and fine-tune them to align with speech embeddings.
Approach: They propose to derive corresponding voices from facial images using face-to-voice synthesis, which derives corresponding voice from facial image.
Outcome: The proposed approach significantly improves face-voice congruence and synthesis stability.
Llama-VITS: Enhancing TTS Synthesis with Semantic Awareness (2024.lrec-main)

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Challenge: Recent advances in Natural Language Processing (NLP) have seen Large-scale Language Models excel at producing high-quality text for various purposes.
Approach: They propose a language model that enriches semantic content of text using Llama2 . their method enhances emotive expressiveness on a dataset .
Outcome: The proposed model matches the naturalness of the original VITS and incorporates BERT (BERT-VITS) on the LJSpeech dataset, highlighting its potential to generate emotive speech.
TCSinger 2: Customizable Multilingual Zero-shot Singing Voice Synthesis (2025.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Existing zero-shot singing voice synthesis models depend on phoneme and note boundary annotations, limiting their robustness and producing poor transitions between phonemes and notes.
Approach: They propose a multi-task multilingual zero-shot SVS model with style transfer and style control based on various prompts.
Outcome: Experimental results show that TCSinger 2 outperforms baseline models in subjective and objective metrics across multiple related tasks.
DiffS2UT: A Semantic Preserving Diffusion Model for Textless Direct Speech-to-Speech Translation (2023.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Existing models for speech generation are not efficient due to low information density of speech data.
Approach: They propose a method to integrate discrete diffusion models into speech generation tasks . they propose to apply diffusion forward process while employing diffusion backward process .
Outcome: The proposed model achieves comparable results to the auto-regressive baselines with significantly fewer decoding steps (50 steps).
TransFace: Unit-Based Audio-Visual Speech Synthesizer for Talking Head Translation (2024.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Existing methods for talking head translation rely on cascading, resulting in delays and cascadic errors.
Approach: They propose a model for talking head translation, TransFace, which can translate audio-visual speech into audio-visual speech in other languages.
Outcome: The proposed model can translate audio-visual speech into audio-visual speech in other languages.
SpeechLLM-as-Judges: Towards General and Interpretable Speech Quality Evaluation (2026.acl-long)

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Challenge: Existing methods for evaluating the perceptual quality of synthetic speech are limited due to the complexity of perceptual quality factors and the diversity of speech generation tasks.
Approach: They propose a new paradigm for enabling large language models to conduct structured speech quality evaluation using a large-scale dataset.
Outcome: The proposed model performs well across tasks and languages.
AudioVSR: Enhancing Video Speech Recognition with Audio Data (2024.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Recent work has shown poor performance with non-Indo-European languages . previous work primarily utilizes video information to build VSR models .
Approach: They propose a generative model for data inflation that integrates synthetic data with authentic visual data to enhance the VSR model.
Outcome: The proposed model improves on the audio-visual alignment problem in audio-video tasks.
On Generative Spoken Language Modeling from Raw Audio (2021.tacl-1)

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Challenge: Using a set of metrics to evaluate the learned representations, we aim to create a system that learns from natural interactions as infants learn their first language.
Approach: They propose a task of learning acoustic and linguistic characteristics from raw audio and a set of metrics to evaluate the learned representations at acustic, linguistic and encoding levels.
Outcome: The proposed models evaluate the learned representations at acoustic and linguistic levels for both encoding and generation.
Simple and Effective Unsupervised Speech Translation (2023.acl-long)

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Challenge: Existing methods to train speech models without labeled data are limited for most languages.
Approach: They propose a pipeline approach to build speech translation systems without labeled data by leveraging recent advances in unsupervised speech recognition, machine translation and speech synthesis.
Outcome: The proposed approach outperforms the state-of-the-art in unsupervised speech recognition by 3.2 BLEU on the Libri-Trans benchmark and the best supervised end-to-end models from only two years ago by an average of 5.0 BLUE over five X-En directions.

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