Challenge: Existing function-calling benchmarks focus on single-turn interactions but ignore complexity of real-world scenarios.
Approach: They propose a framework that constructs practical function-calling datasets by synthesizing conversations through a tool graph that maintains dependencies across rounds.
Outcome: The proposed framework synthesizes conversations through a tool graph that maintains dependencies across rounds and a multi-agent system with distinct personas to enhance dialogue naturalness.

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ACEBench: A Comprehensive Evaluation of LLM Tool Usage (2025.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Existing benchmarks for evaluating LLMs’ tool usage face several limitations: limited evaluation scenarios, lacking assessments in real multi-turn dialogue contexts; narrow evaluation dimensions, with insufficient detailed assessments of how LLM use tools; and reliance on LLM or real API executions for evaluation, which introduces significant overhead.
Approach: ACEBench is a benchmark for evaluating tool usage in Large Language Models . it categorizes data into three primary types based on evaluation methodology: Normal, Special, and Agent.
Outcome: ACEBench categorizes data into three primary types based on evaluation methodology: Normal, Special, and Agent.
Rethinking Stateful Tool Use in Multi-Turn Dialogues: Benchmarks and Challenges (2025.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Existing benchmarks that assess Language Models (LMs) as Language Agents (LAs) for tool use focus on stateless, single-turn interactions or partial evaluations, overlooking the inherent stateful nature of interactions in multi-turn applications.
Approach: They propose a multi-turn dialogue dataset with stateful tool interactions considering the whole life cycle of tool use across six key tasks in three stages . they also build VirtualMobile – an embodied virtual mobile evaluation environment to simulate API calls and assess the robustness of the created APIs.
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RMTBench: Benchmarking LLMs Through Multi-Turn User-Centric Role-Playing (2025.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Existing benchmarks focus on character-centric approach and fail to reflect real-world applications.
Approach: RMTBench is a user-centric bilingual role-playing benchmark featuring 80 diverse characters and over 8,000 dialogue rounds.
Outcome: RMTBench features 80 diverse characters and over 8,000 dialogue rounds.
MT-Bench-101: A Fine-Grained Benchmark for Evaluating Large Language Models in Multi-Turn Dialogues (2024.acl-long)

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Challenge: Large Language Models (LLMs) have greatly enhanced dialogue systems, but evaluation of their capabilities remains a challenge.
Approach: They propose a model to evaluate the fine-grained abilities of Large Language Models in multi-turn dialogues.
Outcome: The proposed model evaluates 21 popular chatbots based on MT-Bench-101 . it includes 3 overarching abilities and 13 distinct tasks within multi-turn dialogue scenarios.
MARS-Bench: A Multi-turn Athletic Real-world Scenario Benchmark for Dialogue Evaluation (2025.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Large Language Models (LLMs) have been widely adopted in real-world dialogue applications, but their robustness is criticized all along.
Approach: They propose to use play-by-play text commentary to build a multi-turn athletic real-world scenario dialogue benchmark to evaluate three critical aspects of multi-turned conversations: ultra multi- turn, interactive multi-twist, and cross-turn tasks.
Outcome: The proposed benchmarks outperform open-source LLMs on three critical aspects of multi-turn conversations: ultra multi-turned, interactive multi- turn, and cross-turn tasks.
HammerBench: Fine-Grained Function-Calling Evaluation in Real Mobile Assistant Scenarios (2025.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Evaluating the performance of LLMs in multi-turn interactions presents significant challenges due to the complexity and variability of user behavior.
Approach: They propose a benchmark framework for assessing LLMs’ function-calling capabilities in multi-turn dialogues.
Outcome: The proposed framework is based on a dataset derived from popular mobile apps and anonymized user logs.
ToolHaystack: Stress-Testing Tool-Augmented Language Models in Realistic Long-Term Interactions (2025.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Existing evaluations assume tool use in short contexts, offering limited insight into model behavior during realistic long-term interactions.
Approach: a benchmark is a tool to test long-term tool use in large language models . the tool includes multiple tasks execution contexts and realistic noise .
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MT-Eval: A Multi-Turn Capabilities Evaluation Benchmark for Large Language Models (2024.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Existing evaluation frameworks focus on single-turn evaluations, overlooking the models’ capabilities in multi-turn interactions.
Approach: They propose a benchmark to evaluate the multi-turn conversational abilities of large language models (LLMs) by analyzing human-LLM conversations and constructing multi-turned queries for each category using GPT-4.
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms open-source models in multi-turn tasks while retaining and recalling historical information.
Meta-Tool: Unleash Open-World Function Calling Capabilities of General-Purpose Large Language Models (2025.acl-long)

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Challenge: Large language models struggle with addressing diverse user inquiries in open-world tasks.
Approach: They propose a plug-and-play tool retrieval system for LLMs to access external tool library and use retrieved tools to solve user's problem.
Outcome: The proposed model improves on a finetuned version of LLaMA-3.1 and 2,800 dialogues and 7,361 tools spanning ten distinct test categories.
Live API-Bench: 2500+ Live APIs for Testing Multi-Step Tool Calling (2026.eacl-long)

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Challenge: Large language models rely on external tools and APIs to perform tasks specified in natural language.
Approach: They propose a benchmark that transforms SQL queries from BIRD-SQL into executable API sequences.
Outcome: The proposed benchmark evaluates 10 LLMs and 4 ReACT agents with low task completion rates and 50% task completion rate.

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