Challenge: Existing studies on the impact of feedback on human decision-making are limited as people are not equipped to assess the quality of AI predictions.
Approach: They compare the quality of MT inputs and outputs with explicit and implicit feedbacks that directly give users an assessment of translation quality using error highlights and LLM explanations.
Outcome: The proposed model improves decision accuracy and appropriate reliance by using error highlights and explanations, and by using backtranslation and question–answer tables.

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Challenge: Currently, traditional evaluation methods struggle to detect subtle translation errors.
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Toward Machine Translation Literacy: How Lay Users Perceive and Rely on Imperfect Translations (2025.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Using machine translation tools for everyday tasks is becoming more commonplace, but a lack of evaluation strategies and alternatives can cause users to over-rely on it.
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Online Learning Meets Machine Translation Evaluation: Finding the Best Systems with the Least Human Effort (2021.acl-long)

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Challenge: Existing methods to evaluate multiple systems are expensive and require human evaluators.
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Guiding Large Language Models to Post-Edit Machine Translation with Error Annotations (2024.findings-naacl)

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Challenge: supervised systems have not replaced dedicated supervised models for machine translation tasks.
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Can Neural Machine Translation be Improved with User Feedback? (N18-3)

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Challenge: a recent study has focused on the use of explicit and implicit feedback for neural machine translation (NMT) a new study uses explicit and implied feedback to improve performance of NMT with human reinforcement.
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Physician Detection of Clinical Harm in Machine Translation: Quality Estimation Aids in Reliance and Backtranslation Identifies Critical Errors (2023.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: a major challenge in the practical use of Machine Translation (MT) is that users lack information on translation quality to make informed decisions about how to rely on outputs.
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AskQE: Question Answering as Automatic Evaluation for Machine Translation (2025.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Existing MT error detection and quality estimation (QE) techniques do not address this practical scenario.
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Can Automatic Metrics Assess High-Quality Translations? (2024.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: a recent human evaluation study found that translations produced by current MT systems achieve very high-quality scores when judged by humans on a direct assessment scale of 0 to 100.
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Are we Estimating or Guesstimating Translation Quality? (2020.acl-main)

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Challenge: A carefully engineered ensemble of pre-trained multilingual language models won the QE shared task at WMT19.
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Rethinking the Word-level Quality Estimation for Machine Translation from Human Judgement (2023.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Word-level Quality Estimation (QE) of Machine Translation aims to detect potential translation errors in the translated sentence without reference.
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