Papers by Calvin Bao
Can You Make It Sound Like You? Post-Editing LLM-Generated Text for Personal Style (2026.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Despite the growing use of large language models for writing tasks, it remains unclear whether users can effectively reshape LLM-generated text to reflect their personal style. |
| Approach: | They conduct an online study in which participants post-edit LLM-generated drafts for writing tasks where personal style matters to them. |
| Outcome: | The results show that post-editing increases stylistic similarity to unassisted writing and reduces similarity with fully LLM-generated output. |
Toward Machine Translation Literacy: How Lay Users Perceive and Rely on Imperfect Translations (2025.emnlp-main)
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Yimin Xiao, Yongle Zhang, Dayeon Ki, Calvin Bao, Marianna J. Martindale, Charlotte Vaughn, Ge Gao, Marine Carpuat
| Challenge: | Using machine translation tools for everyday tasks is becoming more commonplace, but a lack of evaluation strategies and alternatives can cause users to over-rely on it. |
| Approach: | They propose to use MT evaluation techniques to promote MT quality and MT literacy among its users. |
| Outcome: | The findings highlight the need for evaluation and NLP explanation techniques to promote MT quality and MT literacy among its users. |
Keep it Private: Unsupervised Privatization of Online Text (2024.naacl-long)
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| Challenge: | Authorship obfuscation has been evaluated in narrow settings in the NLP literature . superficial edit operations can lead to unnatural outputs, authors say . |
| Approach: | They propose an automatic text privatization framework that fine-tunes a large language model via reinforcement learning to produce rewrites that balance soundness, sense, and privacy. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method maintains high text quality according to automated metrics and human evaluation, and successfully evades several automated authorship attacks. |
Automatic Authorship Analysis in Human-AI Collaborative Writing (2024.lrec-main)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods for authorship analysis and text detection are limited . authors: human-AI collaborative writing poses a potential challenge for existing methods . |
| Approach: | They investigate the extent to which existing AI detection and authorship analysis models can perform classification on data generated in human-AI collaborative writing sessions. |
| Outcome: | The proposed models outperform existing models on human-AI collaborative writing data . authors say human- AI co-written text will require adapting models in the near future . |
Who’s the Author? How Explanations Impact User Reliance in AI-Assisted Authorship Attribution (2025.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | despite growing interest in explainable NLP, it remains unclear how explanation strategies shape user behavior in tasks like authorship identification. |
| Approach: | They propose two explanation types to support their analysis of user behavior . they use example-based style rewrites and feature-based rationales to generate explanations . |
| Outcome: | The proposed explanations support appropriate reliance, whereas explanations increase AI overreliance, the study finds . |