Challenge: Compared to existing machine translation datasets, HBC presents unique challenges . classical and modern Chinese texts are often translated in distant languages .
Approach: They propose a dataset containing 80,000 Chinese-English parallel phrases extracted and translated from publications in the domain of Buddhism.
Outcome: The Humanistic Buddhism Corpus (HBC) contains 80,000 parallel Chinese-English phrases extracted and translated from publications in the domain of Buddhism.

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Challenge: Until recently, language descriptions were available in paper form only, with indexes as the only search aid.
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The Johns Hopkins University Bible Corpus: 1600+ Tongues for Typological Exploration (2020.lrec-1)

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Challenge: Despite extensive scholarly endeavors, much uncertainty still surrounds this body of literature, especially regarding matters of chronology, authorship, compositional history.
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Challenge: Several recent papers claim to have achieved human parity at sentence-level machine translation.
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Translation via Annotation: A Computational Study of Translating Classical Chinese into Japanese (2026.eacl-long)

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