Challenge: Existing methods to perform simultaneous speech-to-text translation ignore contextual information and suffer from low translation quality.
Approach: They propose an adaptive segmentation policy for simultaneous speech-to-text translation . it learns to segment the source streaming speech into meaningful units .
Outcome: The proposed method achieves a good accuracy-latency trade-off over state-of-the-art methods on English-German and Chinese-English.

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Learning Adaptive Segmentation Policy for Simultaneous Translation (2020.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Experimental results show that adaptive segmentation policies for simultaneous translation are more accurate than current methods . if translation starts before adequate source content is delivered, the quality of translation degrades . waiting for too much source text increases latency, which would hurt accuracy .
Approach: They propose a new adaptive segmentation policy for simultaneous translation based on human interpreters . it learns to segment the source text by considering possible translations produced by the translation model .
Outcome: Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves better accuracy-latency trade-off over state-of-the-art methods.
Simpler and Faster Learning of Adaptive Policies for Simultaneous Translation (D19-1)

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Challenge: Recent work on simultaneous translation is difficult because of its latency and quality.
Approach: They propose a supervised-learning framework to learn adaptive policies from parallel text sequences . they use a model that predicts when a target word is read or WRITE if context provides enough information .
Outcome: Experiments on German=>English show that the proposed method can learn flexible policies with better BLEU scores and similar latencies compared to previous work.
Simultaneous Translation Policies: From Fixed to Adaptive (2020.acl-main)

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Challenge: Adaptive policies can balance translation quality and latency based on context information . previous methods on obtaining adaptive policies rely on complicated training process .
Approach: They propose to obtain adaptive policies by a simple heuristic composition of fixed policies . they propose to use a heurism to obtain policies that can outperform fixed ones .
Outcome: Experiments on Chinese -> English and German -> english show that adaptive policies outperform fixed policies by up to 4 BLEU points for the same latency.
Fluent and Low-latency Simultaneous Speech-to-Speech Translation with Self-adaptive Training (2020.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Current approaches to simultaneous speech-to-speech translation accumulate more and more latencies in later sentences when the speaker talks faster.
Approach: They propose a method which generates more fluent target speech latency than the baseline . they propose to use self-adaptive translation to adjust the length of translations to accommodate different source speech rates.
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End-to-End Simultaneous Speech Translation with Differentiable Segmentation (2023.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Existing methods to perform simultaneous speech translation always separate segmentation from the underlying model.
Approach: They propose to use Differentiable Segmentation (DiSeg) to learn segmentation from the translation model.
Outcome: Experimental results show that the proposed model can learn segmentation from the translation model.
Stream-level Latency Evaluation for Simultaneous Machine Translation (2021.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Simultaneous machine translation systems need to find a trade-off between translation quality and response time.
Approach: They propose to adapt existing translation latency measures to streaming scenarios by re-segmenting the output translation to take into account sequential nature of streaming scenarios.
Outcome: The proposed measures are evaluated on a streaming task on simulated speech translation systems.
Tutorial: End-to-End Speech Translation (2021.eacl-tutorials)

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Challenge: Speech translation is the translation of speech in one language typically to text in another, traditionally accomplished through a combination of automatic speech recognition and machine translation.
Approach: This tutorial introduces the techniques used in cutting-edge research on speech translation.
Outcome: The proposed models achieve state-of-the-art performance with end-to-end speech translation for both high- and low-resource languages.
Hierarchical Policy Optimization for Simultaneous Translation of Unbounded Speech (2026.acl-long)

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Challenge: Existing synthesis methods cannot guarantee data quality.
Approach: They propose a hierarchical reward that balances translation quality and latency objectives by combining supervised fine-tuning data with supervised inputs.
Outcome: The proposed model can reuse key-value caches across both modalities and eliminate redundant feature recomputation.
SimulMT to SimulST: Adapting Simultaneous Text Translation to End-to-End Simultaneous Speech Translation (2020.aacl-main)

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Challenge: Using end-to-end Simultaneous text translation, we adapt wait-k and monotonic multihead attention to end- to-end simultaneous speech translation.
Approach: They propose to combine a fixed and flexible pre-decision module with fixed and flexibility policies to adapt simultaneous text translation methods such as wait-k and monotonic multihead attention to end-to-end simultaneous speech translation.
Outcome: The proposed method can generate translations with maximum quality and minimal latency, targeting video caption translations and real-time language interpreter.
Streaming Models for Joint Speech Recognition and Translation (2021.eacl-main)

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Challenge: Using end-to-end models for speech translation has become a focus of the ST community . cascaded models have the advantage of including automatic speech recognition output .
Approach: They propose a model that condenses sound waves into translated text and integrates automatic speech recognition outputs into the models.
Outcome: The proposed model is statistically similar to cascading models, but has half the number of parameters.

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