Challenge: Existing robustness techniques fail when faced with unseen types of noise and their performance degrades on clean texts.
Approach: They propose visual context to improve translation robustness for noisy texts . they also propose an error correction training regime that can be used as an auxiliary task .
Outcome: The proposed training regime improves translation robustness on noisy texts while maintaining translation quality on clean texts.

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Did Translation Models Get More Robust Without Anyone Even Noticing? (2025.acl-long)

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Challenge: Neural machine translation models are highly sensitive to “noisy” inputs, such as spelling errors, abbreviations, and formatting issues.
Approach: They revisit this insight in light of recent multilingual MT models and large language models applied to machine translation.
Outcome: The proposed models perform better on clean data than previous models, but none of the open models use robustness techniques.
Training on Synthetic Noise Improves Robustness to Natural Noise in Machine Translation (D19-55)

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Challenge: Recent machine translation methods are highly sensitive to orthographical variations such as spelling errors.
Approach: They propose to train machine translation models with random synthetic noise at training time . they focus on translation performance on natural typos, and show robustness to such noise .
Outcome: The proposed method significantly improves translation models on natural typos without accessing natural noise data or distribution.
Can Large Language Models Learn Translation Robustness from Noisy-Source In-context Demonstrations? (2024.lrec-main)

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Challenge: Large language models (LLMs) have been used for machine translation, but their robustness remains a challenge, as they struggle to translate sentences in the presence of noise even when using similarity-based in-context learning methods.
Approach: They propose a scheme for studying machine translation robustness on LLMs by using noisy-source demonstration examples.
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Improving Neural Machine Translation Robustness via Data Augmentation: Beyond Back-Translation (D19-55)

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Challenge: Neural Machine Translation models are sensitive to noise in the input data.
Approach: They propose new methods to extend limited noisy data and further improve NMT robustness to noise while keeping the models small.
Outcome: The proposed methods extend limited noisy data and improve robustness to noise while keeping the models small.
Improving Robustness of Machine Translation with Synthetic Noise (N19-1)

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Challenge: Recent work on MT robustness has demonstrated the need to build or adapt systems that are resilient to such noise.
Approach: They propose to synthesize natural noise in social media data to enhance robustness of MT systems by leveraging natural noise.
Outcome: The proposed method can make a vanilla MT system more resilient to noise, partially mitigating loss in accuracy resulting therefrom.
Multimodal Robustness for Neural Machine Translation (2022.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Existing approaches to deal with noisy multimodal inputs are not robust enough to deal effectively with noisy data.
Approach: They propose a method that composes domain adapters to deal with noisy inputs . they combine these adapters at runtime via dynamic routing or when source of noise is unknown .
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Is Robustness Transferable across Languages in Multilingual Neural Machine Translation? (2023.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Existing studies have focused on bilingual machine translation with a single translation direction.
Approach: They propose a robustness transfer analysis protocol to analyze the transferability of robustness across different languages in multilingual neural machine translation.
Outcome: The proposed protocol shows that the robustness gained in one translation direction can transfer to other translation directions.
Neural Machine Translation of Text from Non-Native Speakers (N19-1)

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Challenge: Neural Machine Translation (NMT) systems are known to degrade when confronted with noisy data.
Approach: They propose to augment training data with sentences containing artificially-introduced grammatical errors to make the system more robust to such errors.
Outcome: The proposed approach recovers 1.0 BLEU out of 2.4 BLUE lost due to grammatical errors on a set of Spanish translations of the JFLEG grammar error correction corpus.
Robust to Noise Models in Natural Language Processing Tasks (P19-2)

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Challenge: Existing spelling correction systems are far from perfect for noise-sensitive texts . a new way to handle noise is to make models robust to noise.
Approach: They propose a robust to noise word embeddings model which outperforms existing models in different tasks.
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms existing models in three downstream tasks and shows improvements in noise robustness over existing models.
Robustification of Multilingual Language Models to Real-world Noise in Crosslingual Zero-shot Settings with Robust Contrastive Pretraining (2023.eacl-main)

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Challenge: Existing studies on robustness of pretrained multilingual models are limited to the English language.
Approach: They propose to use data augmentation and contrastive loss term to boost robustness of multilingual models in cross-lingual settings.
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms existing models on clean and noisy data in the cross-lingual setting.

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