Challenge: Neural Machine Translation models are sensitive to noise in the input data.
Approach: They propose new methods to extend limited noisy data and further improve NMT robustness to noise while keeping the models small.
Outcome: The proposed methods extend limited noisy data and improve robustness to noise while keeping the models small.

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Robust Neural Machine Translation with Joint Textual and Phonetic Embedding (P19-1)

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Challenge: Neural machine translation models are sensitive to noises in input sentences . one special kind of noise is the homophone noise, where words are replaced by other words with similar pronunciations.
Approach: They propose to embed phonetic and textual information into neural machine translation datasets to improve robustness to homophone noises.
Outcome: The proposed method improves the robustness of neural machine translation to homophone noises on clean test sets.
Improving Both Domain Robustness and Domain Adaptability in Machine Translation (2022.coling-1)

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Challenge: Existing approaches to domain adaptation for NMT depend on high-quality parallel data.
Approach: They propose a meta-learning framework which improves domain robustness and adaptability . they use a word-level domain mixing model and a domain classifier to integrate it .
Outcome: The proposed approach improves domain robustness and adaptability in seen and unseen domains.
Neural Machine Translation of Text from Non-Native Speakers (N19-1)

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Challenge: Neural Machine Translation (NMT) systems are known to degrade when confronted with noisy data.
Approach: They propose to augment training data with sentences containing artificially-introduced grammatical errors to make the system more robust to such errors.
Outcome: The proposed approach recovers 1.0 BLEU out of 2.4 BLUE lost due to grammatical errors on a set of Spanish translations of the JFLEG grammar error correction corpus.
A Survey of Domain Adaptation for Neural Machine Translation (C18-1)

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Challenge: Neural machine translation (NMT) is a deep learning based approach for machine translation.
Approach: They propose to use a deep learning approach to train machine translation in scenarios where large-scale parallel corpora are available.
Outcome: The proposed approach yields the state-of-the-art translation performance in resource rich scenarios.
Data augmentation using back-translation for context-aware neural machine translation (D19-65)

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Challenge: A single sentence does not always convey information that is enough to translate it into other languages.
Approach: They obtain large-scale pseudo parallel corpora by back-translating monolingual data and examine their impact on translation accuracy.
Outcome: The large-scale pseudo parallel corpora obtained by back-translating monolingual data showed that the model trained with small parallel corporeals and large-sized pseudo parallels improved translation accuracy.
Towards Robust Neural Machine Translation (P18-1)

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Challenge: Small perturbations in the input can severely distort intermediate representations and thus impact translation quality of neural machine translation models.
Approach: They propose adversarial stability training to make encoder and decoder robust to perturbations by enabling them to behave similarly for the original input and its perturbed counterpart.
Outcome: The proposed approach improves translation quality and robustness over strong models on Chinese-English, English-German and English-French translation tasks.
Addressing the Vulnerability of NMT in Input Perturbations (2021.naacl-industry)

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Challenge: Recent advances in NMT have improved translation quality but are vulnerable to input perturbations.
Approach: They propose a method to reduce the effect of noisy inputs by using a Context-Enhanced Reconstruction approach.
Outcome: The proposed approach improves robustness on Chinese-English and French-English translation tasks.
Multimodal Robustness for Neural Machine Translation (2022.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Existing approaches to deal with noisy multimodal inputs are not robust enough to deal effectively with noisy data.
Approach: They propose a method that composes domain adapters to deal with noisy inputs . they combine these adapters at runtime via dynamic routing or when source of noise is unknown .
Outcome: The proposed model is flexible and state-of-the-art to deal with noisy multimodal inputs.
Robust Neural Machine Translation with Doubly Adversarial Inputs (P19-1)

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Challenge: Neural machine translation (NMT) models suffer from noisy perturbations in the input . a gradient-based method to craft adversarial examples informed by the translation loss is proposed .
Approach: They propose an approach to improve the robustness of NMT models by attacking the translation model with adversarial source examples and defending the model with a target input.
Outcome: The proposed approach improves translation performance and robustness on clean inputs and higher on noisy data.
Beyond Noise: Mitigating the Impact of Fine-grained Semantic Divergences on Neural Machine Translation (2021.acl-long)

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Challenge: Prior work treats all types of mismatches between source and target as noise . Consequently, it remains unclear how noisy parallel training samples impact NMT training.
Approach: They propose a divergent-aware NMT framework that uses factors to help NMT recover from the degradation caused by naturally occurring divergences.
Outcome: The proposed framework improves translation quality and model calibration on EN-FR tasks.

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