Challenge: linguistic overlap between low-resource languages and high-resourced languages is a major obstacle for training high-quality machine translation systems.
Approach: They exploit linguistic overlap to facilitate translation to and from low-resource languages . they use monolingual data and parallel data in related high-resourced languages based on their method .
Outcome: The proposed method significantly improves translation into low-resource language compared to baselines on 7 languages from three different language families.

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Handling Syntactic Divergence in Low-resource Machine Translation (D19-1)

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Challenge: Existing approaches to neural machine translation (NMT) are dependent on limited parallel data, and can be difficult to use for many language pairs.
Approach: They propose a method where target-language sentences are re-ordered to match the order of the source and used as an additional source of training-time supervision.
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From Priest to Doctor: Domain Adaptation for Low-Resource Neural Machine Translation (2025.coling-main)

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Challenge: Existing data for low-resource languages are limited; the languages that could most benefit from domain adaptation (DA) are the ones left behind.
Approach: They propose a realistic setting in which they aim to translate between a high-resource and a low-resourced language with limited parallel data, a bilingual dictionary, and c) a monolingual target-domain corpus in the high-rsource language.
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Efficient Neural Machine Translation for Low-Resource Languages via Exploiting Related Languages (2020.acl-srw)

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Challenge: Neural Machine Translation (NMT) is a rapidly advancing MT paradigm that can be used to improve machine translation for many languages.
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Meta-Learning for Low-Resource Neural Machine Translation (D18-1)

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Challenge: In this paper, we propose to extend the recently introduced model-agnostic meta-learning algorithm for low-resource neural machine translation (NMT).
Approach: They propose to extend the recently introduced meta-learning algorithm for low-resource neural machine translation (NMT) they frame low-Resource translation as a meta- learning problem where we learn to adapt to low-REsource languages based on multilingual high-resourced language tasks.
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Revisiting Low-Resource Neural Machine Translation: A Case Study (P19-1)

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Challenge: Recent research has shown that neural machine translation models are highly data-inefficient and underperform phrase-based statistical machine translation (PBSMT) in low-resource settings.
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Leveraging Monolingual Data with Self-Supervision for Multilingual Neural Machine Translation (2020.acl-main)

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Challenge: Existing multilingual NMT approaches do not utilize the abundance of monolingual data, especially in low-resource languages.
Approach: They propose to combine monolingual data with self-supervision to pre-train translation models and fine-tune on small amounts of supervised data.
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Multilingual Neural Machine Translation (2020.coling-tutorials)

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Challenge: In this tutorial, we will cover the latest advances in NMT to enhance low-resource translation.
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Language Model Priors and Data Augmentation Strategies for Low-resource Machine Translation: A Case Study Using Finnish to Northern Sámi (2024.findings-acl)

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Challenge: a new study examines the use of monolingual data for improving low-resource machine translation.
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Addressing word-order Divergence in Multilingual Neural Machine Translation for extremely Low Resource Languages (N19-1)

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Challenge: Existing studies show that transfer learning works best when the languages are related.
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Effective Cross-lingual Transfer of Neural Machine Translation Models without Shared Vocabularies (P19-1)

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Challenge: Existing approaches to transfer a pretrained NMT model to a new, unrelated language without shared vocabularies are limited to cognate languages.
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