Papers by Shengjie Wang

9 papers
An End-to-End Submodular Framework for Data-Efficient In-Context Learning (2024.findings-naacl)

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Challenge: Recent advances in natural language tasks leverage the emergent In-Context Learning ability of pretrained Large Language Models (LLMs).
Approach: They propose a framework for exemplar selection for in-context learning that uses a pool-based active learning approach to select Diverse and informative exemplars from the target tasks’ unlabeled pool.
Outcome: The proposed framework outperforms existing methods for data annotation and similarity-based methods for test query-specific exemplar retrieval on 7 different NLP datasets and 5 LLMs of varying complexities.
Towards Hierarchical Multi-Step Reward Models for Enhanced Reasoning in Large Language Models (2026.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Existing Process Reward Models (PRMs) are vulnerable to reward hacking and require expensive, large-scale annotation of reasoning steps.
Approach: They propose a reward model approach which evaluates both individual and consecutive reasoning steps from fine-grained and coarse-grounded level.
Outcome: Empirical results show that the proposed model performs better than existing PRMs and is more robust than existing models.
BadAgent: Inserting and Activating Backdoor Attacks in LLM Agents (2024.acl-long)

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Challenge: Xi et al., 2023) show that LLM-based intelligent agents are vulnerable to backdoor attacks.
Approach: They propose to build LLM-based intelligent agents using trained LLMs and fine-tune them on data for the agent task.
Outcome: The proposed methods are robust even after fine-tuning on trusted data.
CLEAR: Can Language Models Really Understand Causal Graphs? (2024.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Existing language models lack a conceptual framework for understanding causal graphs, but there is still potential for improvement.
Approach: They develop a framework to define causal graph understanding by assessing language models’ behaviors through four practical criteria derived from diverse disciplines.
Outcome: The proposed framework defines three complexity levels and encompasses 20 causal graph-based tasks across 20 different levels.
JudgeAgent: Beyond Static Benchmarks for Knowledge-Driven and Dynamic LLM Evaluation (2026.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Current evaluation methods for large language models rely on static benchmarks . limited knowledge coverage and fixed difficulties hinder the targeted optimizations resulting in superficial evaluations of LLMs - a problem that has been addressed by JudgeAgent .
Approach: They propose a knowledge-driven and dynamic evaluation framework for large language models . judgeAgent leverages LLM agents equipped with context graphs to traverse knowledge structures .
Outcome: The proposed framework can achieve comprehensive evaluations and facilitate effective model iterations.
STAND-Guard: A Small Task-Adaptive Content Moderation Model (2025.coling-industry)

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Challenge: Content moderation is important for developing welcoming online platforms and responsible large language models.
Approach: They propose a small task-adaptive coNtent moDeration model that can be easily adapted to new or customized content moderation tasks without extensive model tuning.
Outcome: The proposed model is comparable to GPT-3.5-Turbo on unseen English binary classification tasks.
AdvancedIF: Rubric-Based Benchmarking and Reinforcement Learning for Advancing LLM Instruction Following (2026.acl-long)

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Challenge: Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have shown impressive performance on a range of tasks, yet advanced instruction following (IF) remains a significant challenge.
Approach: They propose a benchmark that features over 1,600 prompts and expert-curated rubrics that assess LLMs’ ability to follow complex, multi-turn, and system-level instructions.
Outcome: The proposed framework improves instruction-following abilities of large language models, achieving a 6.7% gain on AdvancedIF and strong results on public benchmarks.
How Numerical Precision Affects Arithmetical Reasoning Capabilities of LLMs (2025.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Despite the success of transformer-based large language models, understanding and enhancing their mathematical capabilities remains a significant challenge.
Approach: They propose to use numerical precision as a key factor that influences LLMs' effectiveness in arithmetical tasks to determine their effectiveness.
Outcome: The proposed models perform better in arithmetic tasks than transformer-based models with standard numerical precision.
AdapThink: Adaptive Thinking Preferences for Reasoning Language Models (2026.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Recent research has highlighted a significant inefficiency associated with the slow thinking paradigm . models often overthink simple tasks while underthinking complex challenges .
Approach: They propose a framework for adaptive reasoning preference control that dynamically adjusts reflection preferences based on group-level distributional statistics of reasoning length and reflection intensity.
Outcome: The proposed framework reduces average response length by 17.1%-21.4% while improving performance by 6.12-6.59 points under 32K token budgets.

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