Papers by Kun Luo
Adaptive Query Rewriting: Aligning Rewriters through Marginal Probability of Conversational Answers (2024.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods to incorporate retriever’s preference during the training of query rewriting models rely on extensive annotations such as in-domain rewrites and/or relevant passage labels, limiting their generalization and adaptation capabilities. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework for training query rewriting models with limited rewrite annotations from seed datasets and completely no passage label. |
| Outcome: | The proposed approach decontexualizes conversational queries into self-contained questions suitable for off-the-shelf retrievers. |
De-Biased Court’s View Generation with Causality (2020.emnlp-main)
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Yiquan Wu, Kun Kuang, Yating Zhang, Xiaozhong Liu, Changlong Sun, Jun Xiao, Yueting Zhuang, Luo Si, Fei Wu
| Challenge: | Existing approaches to court’s view generation can be used to address this problem, but neglecting the confounding bias in data can limit the model performance and pollute learning outcomes. |
| Approach: | They propose a novel Attentional and Counterfactual based Natural Language Generation method consisting of an attentional encoder and a pair of innovative counterfactual decoders to generate judgment-discriminative court's views. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method is able to generate judgment-discriminative court's views (both supportive and non-supportive views) under both quantitative and qualitative evaluation metrics. |
M3-Embedding: Multi-Linguality, Multi-Functionality, Multi-Granularity Text Embeddings Through Self-Knowledge Distillation (2024.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | In this paper, we introduce a new embedding model for semantic retrieval of more than 100 working languages. |
| Approach: | They propose a new embedding model that supports multi-lingual, cross-lingual and long-document retrieval . they propose integrating relevance scores from different retrieval functionalities into the teacher signal . |
| Outcome: | The proposed model exhibits superior performance on multilingual, cross-lingual, and long-document retrieval benchmarks. |
RSA-Bench: Benchmarking Audio Large Models in Real-World Acoustic Scenarios (2026.findings-acl)
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Yibo Zhang, Kaiwen Luo, Liang Lin, Shilinlu Yan, Jin Wang, Yaoqi Guo, Yitian Chen, Yalan Qin, Zhenhong Zhou, Kun Wang, Li Sun
| Challenge: | Existing evaluations rely on synthetic Gaussian noise or simplistic single-source interference, failing to capture the intricate, multi-layered acoustic dynamics that characterize authentic physical environments. |
| Approach: | They propose a robustness benchmark to stress-test Audio Large Models (ALLMs) using high-fidelity auditory scene simulations. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model performs well on a wide range of tasks, including automatic speech recognition, speech translation, and audio-based reasoning. |
AgentThink: A Unified Framework for Tool-Augmented Chain-of-Thought Reasoning in Vision-Language Models for Autonomous Driving (2025.findings-emnlp)
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Kangan Qian, Sicong Jiang, Yang Zhong, Ziang Luo, Zilin Huang, Tianze Zhu, Kun Jiang, Mengmeng Yang, Zheng Fu, Jinyu Miao, Yining Shi, He Zhe Lim, Li Liu, Tianbao Zhou, Hongyi Wang, Huang Yu, Yifei Hu, Guang Li, Guang Chen, Hao Ye, Lijun Sun, Diange Yang
| Challenge: | Vision-Language Models struggle with hallucinations, inefficient reasoning, and limited real-world validation hinders accurate perception and robust step-by-step reasoning. |
| Approach: | AgentThink integrates Chain-of-Thought reasoning with dynamic, agent-style tool invocation for autonomous driving tasks. |
| Outcome: | Experiments on the DriveLMM-o1 benchmark show AgentThink significantly boosts overall reasoning scores by 53.91% and enhances answer accuracy by 33.54% . |
Control Image Captioning Spatially and Temporally (2021.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods to generate image captions with user intention are still under exploration. |
| Approach: | They propose a model that connects Contrastive constraints and Attention Guidance in a loop manner and engages explicit spatial and temporal constraints to the generating process. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model improves performance on a trace-controlled image captioning task. |
Generate, Discriminate, Evolve: Enhancing Context Faithfulness via Fine-Grained Sentence-Level Self-Evolution (2025.findings-acl)
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Kun Li, Tianhua Zhang, Yunxiang Li, Hongyin Luo, Abdalla Mohamed Salama Sayed Moustafa, Xixin Wu, James R. Glass, Helen M. Meng
| Challenge: | Existing methods to improve context faithfulness in large language models are either inadequate or overlook the potential for self-improvement. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework that enhances context faithfulness through fine-grained sentence-level optimization. |
| Outcome: | Experiments on ASQA and ConFiQA datasets show that GenDiE surpasses baselines in faithfulness and correctness and exhibits robust performance for domain adaptation. |
Landmark Embedding: A Chunking-Free Embedding Method For Retrieval Augmented Long-Context Large Language Models (2024.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods for retrieval augmentation work with chunked contexts, which leads to poor quality of semantic representation and incomplete retrieval of useful information. |
| Approach: | They propose a method for retrieval augmentation of long-context language modeling using landmark embedding. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method outperforms existing retrieval methods with a notable advantage. |
RAG-Zeval: Enhancing RAG Responses Evaluator through End-to-End Reasoning and Ranking-Based Reinforcement Learning (2025.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Existing evaluation frameworks rely on direct prompting of resource-intensive models with complex multi-stage prompts, introducing significant computational cost and underutilizing models’ reasoning capabilities. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework that trains evaluators with reinforcement learning to generate comprehensive and sound assessments with detailed explanation in one-pass. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework outperforms baseline evaluation frameworks that rely on LLMs with 10-100 more parameters and achieves the strongest correlation with human judgments. |
SoMeLVLM: A Large Vision Language Model for Social Media Processing (2024.findings-acl)
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Xinnong Zhang, Haoyu Kuang, Xinyi Mou, Hanjia Lyu, Kun Wu, Siming Chen, Jiebo Luo, Xuanjing Huang, Zhongyu Wei
| Challenge: | Genereal domain large models lack nuanced multimodal understanding of social media . general domain models focus more on text than other modalities, which is not consistent with real-world user habits. |
| Approach: | They propose a Large Vision Language Model for Social Media Processing that combines five key capabilities to understand and generate real social media behavior. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model achieves state-of-the-art performance in multiple social media tasks. |
Decoding on Graphs: Faithful and Sound Reasoning on Knowledge Graphs through Generation of Well-Formed Chains (2025.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Existing research on the utilization of Knowledge Graphs (KGs) for large language models (LLMs) relies on subgraph retriever or iterative prompting, overlooking the potential synergy of LLMs’ step-wise reasoning capabilities and KGs’ structural nature. |
| Approach: | They propose a graph-aware constrained decoding framework that facilitates a deep synergy between LLMs and KGs by constraint derived from the topology of the KG. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework can provide faithful and sound reasoning for KGQA. |
Crowdsource, Crawl, or Generate? Creating SEA-VL, a Multicultural Vision-Language Dataset for Southeast Asia (2025.acl-long)
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Samuel Cahyawijaya, Holy Lovenia, Joel Ruben Antony Moniz, Tack Hwa Wong, Mohammad Rifqi Farhansyah, Thant Thiri Maung, Frederikus Hudi, David Anugraha, Muhammad Ravi Shulthan Habibi, Muhammad Reza Qorib, Amit Agarwal, Joseph Marvin Imperial, Hitesh Laxmichand Patel, Vicky Feliren, Bahrul Ilmi Nasution, Manuel Antonio Rufino, Genta Indra Winata, Rian Adam Rajagede, Carlos Rafael Catalan, Mohamed Fazli Mohamed Imam, Priyaranjan Pattnayak, Salsabila Zahirah Pranida, Kevin Pratama, Yeshil Bangera, Adisai Na-Thalang, Patricia Nicole Monderin, Yueqi Song, Christian Simon, Lynnette Hui Xian Ng, Richardy Lobo Sapan, Taki Hasan Rafi, Bin Wang, null Supryadi, Kanyakorn Veerakanjana, Piyalitt Ittichaiwong, Matthew Theodore Roque, Karissa Vincentio, Takdanai Kreangphet, Phakphum Artkaew, Kadek Hendrawan Palgunadi, Yanzhi Yu, Rochana Prih Hastuti, William Nixon, Mithil Bangera, Adrian Xuan Wei Lim, Aye Hninn Khine, Hanif Muhammad Zhafran, Teddy Ferdinan, Audra Aurora Izzani, Ayushman Singh, Evan Evan, Jauza Akbar Krito, Michael Anugraha, Fenal Ashokbhai Ilasariya, Haochen Li, John Amadeo Daniswara, Filbert Aurelian Tjiaranata, Eryawan Presma Yulianrifat, Can Udomcharoenchaikit, Fadil Risdian Ansori, Mahardika Krisna Ihsani, Giang Nguyen, Anab Maulana Barik, Dan John Velasco, Rifo Ahmad Genadi, Saptarshi Saha, Chengwei Wei, Isaiah Edri W. Flores, Kenneth Chen Ko Han, Anjela Gail D. Santos, Wan Shen Lim, Kaung Si Phyo, Tim Santos, Meisyarah Dwiastuti, Jiayun Luo, Jan Christian Blaise Cruz, Ming Shan Hee, Ikhlasul Akmal Hanif, M.Alif Al Hakim, Muhammad Rizky Sya’ban, Kun Kerdthaisong, Lester James Validad Miranda, Fajri Koto, Tirana Noor Fatyanosa, Alham Fikri Aji, Jostin Jerico Rosal, Jun Kevin, Robert Wijaya, Onno P. Kampman, Ruochen Zhang, Börje F. Karlsson, Peerat Limkonchotiwat
| Challenge: | Southeast Asia is underrepresented in vision-language research . SEA-VL is an open-source initiative dedicated to developing culturally relevant datasets for SEA languages. |
| Approach: | They propose to use crowdsourced, automated image crawling and synthetic image generation to develop culturally relevant datasets for SEA languages. |
| Outcome: | The proposed datasets capture SEA cultural nuances and contexts better than existing datasets. |
Reinforcing Agentic Search Via Reward Density Optimization (2026.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) is a promising approach for enhancing agentic search, but its performance is often hindered by reward sparsity . |
| Approach: | They propose a new research problem to improve the reward obtained per unit of exploration cost by using a system that decomposes long-horizon tasks into intermediate objectives and assigns process-level rewards to provide denser learning signals. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework outperforms strong baselines on several agentic search benchmarks and achieves comparable performance to that of advanced proprietary models. |
KMatrix: A Flexible Heterogeneous Knowledge Enhancement Toolkit for Large Language Model (2024.emnlp-demo)
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| Challenge: | Existing Knowledge-Enhanced Large Language Models (K-LLMs) toolkits focus on free-textual knowledge and lack robust datasets, models, and user-friendly experience. |
| Approach: | They propose a flexible heterogeneous knowledge enhancement toolkit to enhance Large Language Models (LLMs) using external knowledge. |
| Outcome: | KMatrix: a flexible heterogeneous knowledge enhancement toolkit for LLMs includes verbalizing-retrieval and parsing-query methods. |
DynamicNER: A Dynamic, Multilingual, and Fine-Grained Dataset for LLM-based Named Entity Recognition (2025.emnlp-main)
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Hanjun Luo, Yingbin Jin, Yiran Wang, Xinfeng Li, Tong Shang, Xuecheng Liu, Ruizhe Chen, Kun Wang, Hanan Salam, Qingsong Wen, Zuozhu Liu
| Challenge: | Existing datasets designed for Named Entity Recognition methods are inadequate for LLMs. |
| Approach: | They propose a dataset that is multilingual and multi-granular and enables LLMs to be applied to Named Entity Recognition methods. |
| Outcome: | The proposed dataset is multilingual and multi-granular, covering 8 languages and 155 entity types, with corpora spanning a diverse range of domains. |
KMatrix-2: A Comprehensive Heterogeneous Knowledge Collaborative Enhancement Toolkit for Large Language Model (2025.emnlp-demos)
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Shun Wu, Di Wu, Wangtao Sun, Ziyang Huang, Xiaowei Yuan, Kun Luo, XueYou Zhang, Shizhu He, Jun Zhao, Kang Liu
| Challenge: | Existing studies on K-LLMs systems focus on declarative knowledge and procedural knowledge (rules) . |
| Approach: | They propose to build a toolkit that supports comprehensive heterogeneous knowledge collaborative enhancement for Large Language Models (LLMs). |
| Outcome: | The proposed toolkit provides unified knowledge integration and joint knowledge retrieval methods to achieve more comprehensive heterogeneous knowledge collaborative enhancement. |
Learning a Grammar Inducer from Massive Uncurated Instructional Videos (2022.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | aims to find more accurate syntactic grammars for accompanying text using video data. |
| Approach: | They build a video-aided grammar induction model that can learn video-span correlation without manual features. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model can learn video-span correlation without manual features adopted by previous systems. |
On the In-context Generation of Language Models (2024.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Large language models (LLMs) have the ability of in-context generation (ICG) when given an in-text prompt, they can implicitly recognize the pattern of the examples and complete the prompt in the desired way. |
| Approach: | They propose a plausible latent variable model to model the distribution of pretrained corpora and formalize ICG as a problem of next topic prediction. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model can model the distribution of pretrained corpora and then formalize ICG as a problem of next topic prediction. |
HearSay Benchmark: Do Audio LLMs Leak What They Hear? (2026.findings-acl)
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Jin Wang, Kaiwen Luo, Liang Lin, Weiliu Wang, Yitian Chen, Moayad Aloqaily, Xuehai Tang, Zhenhong Zhou, Kun Wang, Li Sun, Qingsong Wen
| Challenge: | Recent advances in audio large language models have led to their potential privacy implications unexplored. |
| Approach: | They propose a benchmark to examine whether ALLMs leak user privacy through acoustic voiceprints. |
| Outcome: | The proposed benchmark is constructed from over 22,000 real-world audio clips. |
Latent Attention Denoising: A Training-Free Energy-Based Framework for Mitigating Hallucinations in Vision-Language Models (2026.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Existing models for large vision-Language Models lack reliable visual hallucination . despite advances in multimodal perception, they are still limited in real-world applications . |
| Approach: | They propose a framework that recasts attention calibration as a one-step score-based denoising process. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework achieves superior performance on generative and discriminative tasks while maintaining efficiency comparable to standard decoding. |
LLMBox: A Comprehensive Library for Large Language Models (2024.acl-demos)
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Tianyi Tang, Hu Yiwen, Bingqian Li, Wenyang Luo, ZiJing Qin, Haoxiang Sun, Jiapeng Wang, Shiyi Xu, Xiaoxue Cheng, Geyang Guo, Han Peng, Bowen Zheng, Yiru Tang, Yingqian Min, Yushuo Chen, Jie Chen, Ranchi Zhao, Luran Ding, Yuhao Wang, Zican Dong, Xia Chunxuan, Junyi Li, Kun Zhou, Xin Zhao, Ji-Rong Wen
| Challenge: | a library to facilitate the development, use, and evaluation of large language models (LLMs) is presented. |
| Approach: | They propose a unified library to facilitate the development, use and evaluation of large language models (LLMs). |
| Outcome: | The proposed library is based on extensive experiments in a variety of evaluation settings. |
Unleashing the Native Recommendation Potential: LLM-Based Generative Recommendation via Structured Term Identifiers (2026.findings-acl)
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Zhiyang Zhang, Junda She, Kuo Cai, Bo Chen, Shiyao Wang, Xinchen Luo, Qiang Luo, Ruiming Tang, Han Li, Kun Gai, Guorui Zhou
| Challenge: | Existing methods for constructing item identifiers face bottlenecks due to their large output space and expensive vocabulary expansion and alignment training. |
| Approach: | They propose to use Large Language Models to develop general-purpose, semantically-aware recommender systems that can be generalized and reusable. |
| Outcome: | Experiments on real-world datasets show that GRAM outperforms baselines and significantly outperformed baselines. |
Video-aided Unsupervised Grammar Induction (2021.naacl-main)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods of multi-modal grammar induction focus on grammar inducing from text-image pairs, but videos provide even richer information, such as static objects and actions. |
| Approach: | They propose a video-aided grammar induction model which learns a constituency parser from unlabeled text and its corresponding video. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms existing systems on three benchmarks. |
Code-Switching for Enhancing NMT with Pre-Specified Translation (N19-1)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods to constrain NMT use placeholder tags for lexicon words and hard constraints during decoding. |
| Approach: | They propose to use placeholder tags to replace lexicon words with target translations . they use a data augmentation method to make code-switched training data . |
| Outcome: | The proposed method improves translation quality without hurting unconstrained words. |
Large Language Models as Foundations for Next-Gen Dense Retrieval: A Comprehensive Empirical Assessment (2024.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Pre-trained language models have limited generalization capabilities and performance challenges. |
| Approach: | They evaluate 15 different backbone LLMs and non-LLMs to evaluate their performance . larger models and extensive pre-training consistently enhance in-domain accuracy and data efficiency . |
| Outcome: | The results show that larger models and extensive pre-training enhance in-domain accuracy and data efficiency. |
OneRec-Think: In-Text Reasoning for Generative Recommendation (2026.acl-long)
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Zhanyu Liu, Shiyao Wang, Xingmei Wang, Rongzhou Zhang, Jiaxin Deng, Honghui Bao, Jinghao Zhang, Wuchao Li, PengFei Zheng, Xiangyu Wu, Yifei Hu, Qigen Hu, Xinchen Luo, Lejian Ren, Zhang Zixing, Qianqian Wang, Kuo Cai, Yunfan Wu, Hongtao Cheng, Zexuan Cheng, Lu Ren, Huanjie Wang, Yi Su, Ruiming Tang, Kun Gai, Guorui Zhou
| Challenge: | Existing generative models lack the capacity for explicit and controllable reasoning, a key advantage of LLMs. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework that integrates dialogue, reasoning, and personalized recommendation. |
| Outcome: | Experiments across public benchmarks show state-of-the-art performance. |
Search-in-Context: Efficient Multi-Hop QA over Long Contexts via Monte Carlo Tree Search with Dynamic KV Retrieval (2025.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Existing approaches to multihop question answering (MHQA) over long contexts are often neglecting explicit reasoning or incurring expensive computational costs due to full-attention mechanisms over long contextuals. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework that integrates Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) with dynamic key-value retrieval to enable iterative, context-aware reasoning. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework integrates Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) with dynamic key-value (KV) retrieval to enable iterative, context-aware reasoning. |