Challenge: Neural syntactic distance (NSD) is used to represent constituent trees using a sequence whose length is identical to the number of words in the sentence.
Approach: They propose five strategies to improve NMT with explicit use of syntactic information . et al., 2014) propose a set of five strategies that incorporate syntastic information into the encoder and/or decoder of the baseline model.
Outcome: The proposed strategies improve translation performance of the baseline model (+2.1 (En–Ja), +1.3 (Ja–En), +1.2 (En-Ch), and +1.0 (Ch–En) BLEU.

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Challenge: Incorporating syntactic information in machine translation can lead to better reorderings, especially useful when the language pairs are syntaktically highly divergent.
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Challenge: Existing work on adding syntactic information to NMT systems is limited to linguistically-inspired tree structures.
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Exploiting Syntactic Structure for Better Language Modeling: A Syntactic Distance Approach (2020.acl-main)

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Challenge: incorporating syntactic structure into language models has been a challenge since the 1990s.
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Challenge: In this tutorial, we will cover the latest advances in NMT to enhance low-resource translation.
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