Challenge: Recent studies have focused on domain adaptation for neural machine translation systems where in-domain data is scarce or nonexistent.
Approach: They propose an approach that adapts models with domain-aware feature embeddings, which are learned via an auxiliary language modeling task.
Outcome: The proposed model performs better in multiple experimental settings and with back translation.

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Neural Unsupervised Domain Adaptation in NLP—A Survey (2020.coling-main)

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Challenge: Deep neural networks excel at learning from labeled data, but learning from unlabeled data remains a challenge.
Approach: They review neural unsupervised domain adaptation techniques which do not require labeled target domain data.
Outcome: The proposed techniques are more challenging yet widely applicable.
Domain Adaptation of Neural Machine Translation by Lexicon Induction (P19-1)

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Challenge: Neural machine translation (NMT) is sensitive to domain shift, resulting in failure for sentences with large numbers of unknown words and lack of supervision for domain-specific words.
Approach: They propose an unsupervised method which fine-tunes a pre-trained out-of-domain NMT model using a pseudo-in-domain corpus.
Outcome: The proposed method improves in five domains without using in-domain parallel sentences and up to 2 BLEU over strong back-translation baselines.
Non-Parametric Unsupervised Domain Adaptation for Neural Machine Translation (2021.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: kNN-MT is a non-parametric method that uses nearest neighbor retrieval to translate out-of-domain sentences, rare words, etc.
Approach: They propose a framework that directly uses in-domain monolingual sentences to build an effective datastore for k-nearest-neighbor retrieval.
Outcome: The proposed framework improves translation accuracy with target-side monolingual data while achieving comparable performance with back-translation.
Generalised Unsupervised Domain Adaptation of Neural Machine Translation with Cross-Lingual Data Selection (2021.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Existing work on unsupervised domain adaptation of neural machine translation assumes access to monolingual text in either the source or target language in the new domain.
Approach: They propose a method to extract in-domain sentences from a large generic monolingual corpus from 'missing' text.
Outcome: The proposed method outperforms baselines up to +1.5 BLEU score on five diverse domains in three language pairs and a real-world translation scenario.
Integrating Domain Terminology into Neural Machine Translation (2020.coling-main)

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Challenge: Existing work on terminology integration into Neural Machine Translation shows it can dynamically specialize translation to a specific domain.
Approach: They extend existing work on terminology integration into Neural Machine Translation . they use placeholders complemented by morphosyntactic annotation to integrate terminology .
Outcome: The proposed method surpasses the surface generalization shown by other techniques.
Unsupervised Neural Machine Translation for Low-Resource Domains via Meta-Learning (2021.acl-long)

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Challenge: Unsupervised machine translation suffers from data-scarce domains, authors report . a meta-learning algorithm trains the model to adapt to another domain by utilizing only a small amount of training data.
Approach: They propose a meta-learning algorithm that trains the model to adapt to another domain . their model surpasses a transfer learning-based approach by up to 2-3 BLEU scores .
Outcome: The proposed algorithm outperforms a transfer learning-based approach by 2-3 BLEU scores . the proposed model outperformed previous models in the domain of unsupervised machine translation .
Domain Adaptive Inference for Neural Machine Translation (P19-1)

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Challenge: Neural Machine Translation models are effective when trained on broad domains with large datasets, such as news translation.
Approach: They propose a novel approach for adaptive ensemble weighting for Neural Machine Translation by extending Bayesian Interpolation with source information.
Outcome: The proposed approach improves performance on Spanish-English and English-German tasks without the need for the domain label.
A Survey of Domain Adaptation for Neural Machine Translation (C18-1)

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Challenge: Neural machine translation (NMT) is a deep learning based approach for machine translation.
Approach: They propose to use a deep learning approach to train machine translation in scenarios where large-scale parallel corpora are available.
Outcome: The proposed approach yields the state-of-the-art translation performance in resource rich scenarios.
Curriculum Learning for Domain Adaptation in Neural Machine Translation (N19-1)

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Challenge: Neural machine translation (NMT) performance drops when domains do not match and in-domain training data is scarce.
Approach: They propose a curriculum learning approach to adapt generic neural machine translation models to a specific domain.
Outcome: The proposed approach outperforms unadapted and adapted baselines in two domains and two language pairs.
Improving Domain Adaptation Translation with Domain Invariant and Specific Information (N19-1)

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Challenge: Neural machine translation models are based on the encoder-decoder architecture, which makes them overfitting to frequent observations.
Approach: They propose a method to explicitly model out-of-domain information in an encoder-decoder framework . they propose combining out- of-domain training data with out-out-of domain data .
Outcome: The proposed method outperforms baselines on multiple data sets.

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