Challenge: Machine Translation (MT) systems based on fine-tuned large language models (LLMs) are at a higher risk of generating hallucinations, which can severely undermine user’s trust and safety.
Approach: They propose a method that intrinsically learns to mitigate hallucinations during the model training phase.
Outcome: The proposed method reduces hallucinations by 89% on an average across three unseen target languages while preserving translation quality.

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Mitigating Hallucinations and Off-target Machine Translation with Source-Contrastive and Language-Contrastive Decoding (2024.eacl-short)

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Challenge: Hallucinations and off-target translations remain unsolved problems in machine translation, especially for low-resource languages and massively multilingual models.
Approach: They propose two methods to mitigate hallucinations and off-target translations with a modified decoding objective without retraining or external models.
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How Much Do LLMs Hallucinate across Languages? On Realistic Multilingual Estimation of LLM Hallucination (2025.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: despite LLMs becoming increasingly multilingual, most studies on detecting and quantifying LLM hallucination are English-centric .
Approach: They train a multilingual hallucination detection model and conduct a large-scale study across 30 languages and 6 open-source LLM families.
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Contrastive Decoding Reduces Hallucinations in Large Multilingual Machine Translation Models (2024.eacl-long)

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Challenge: Hallucinations occur when the target side sentence is detached from the source side sentence, or in other words, when there is a low contribution of the source sentence to the generation of the target sentence.
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Regularized Contrastive Decoding with Hard Negative Samples for LLM Hallucination Mitigation (2025.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Large language models are prone to generate hallucinations, which can undermine their reliability in high-stakes applications.
Approach: They propose a method to capture hallucination signals for mitigating hallucis in large language models by regularizing the model's internal signals to a weaker model .
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Word Alignment as Preference for Machine Translation (2024.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Hallucination and omission are a problem in machine translation because of an LLM's size and low-resource languages.
Approach: They propose to use word alignment as preference to optimize an LLM-based MT model to mitigate hallucination and omission problems.
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Mitigating Hallucination in Multimodal Large Language Model via Hallucination-targeted Direct Preference Optimization (2025.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) are known to hallucinate, which limits their practical applications.
Approach: They propose a method that uses three types of preference pairs to target hallucinations from their diverse forms and causes.
Outcome: The proposed method surpasses most state-of-the-art methods and shows potential for further improvements.
Addressing Bias and Hallucination in Large Language Models (2024.lrec-tutorials)

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Challenge: This tutorial provides a comprehensive overview of two critical aspects of Large Language Models: bias and hallucination.
Approach: This tutorial provides an overview of two critical aspects of Large Language Models: bias and hallucination.
Outcome: This tutorial delves into the complex dimensions of Large Language Models (LLMs) it outlines ethical considerations pertinent to their development and discusses hallucination, a prevalent issue in generative AI systems such as LLMs.
The Troubling Emergence of Hallucination in Large Language Models - An Extensive Definition, Quantification, and Prescriptive Remediations (2023.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Recent advances in Large Language Models have generated widespread acclaim, but hallucination has also emerged as a by-product.
Approach: They propose a fine-grained discourse on profiling hallucination based on its degree, orientation, and category . they categorize hallucines into six types: acronym ambiguity, generated golem, virtual voice, geographic erratum, time wrap .
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V-DPO: Mitigating Hallucination in Large Vision Language Models via Vision-Guided Direct Preference Optimization (2024.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Existing large vision-language models suffer from hallucination due to over-reliance on the Large Language Model (LLM) backbone.
Approach: They propose a method to improve visual context learning by using a large-scale preference learning algorithm to improve hallucination.
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Tutorial Proposal: Hallucination in Large Language Models (2024.lrec-tutorials)

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Challenge: Grasping the intricacies of hallucination in LLMs can be daunting, especially for those new to the field.
Approach: This tutorial aims to bridge the gap between the field and the field of hallucination . it will explore the key aspects of hallucinonation, including benchmarking, detection, and mitigation techniques .
Outcome: This tutorial will explore the key aspects of hallucination in LLMs . it will also explore the specific constraints and shortcomings of current approaches .

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