Challenge: Math word problems (MWPs) describe mathematical scenarios through text, requiring learners to interpret both linguistic and numerical information to derive mathematical expressions.
Approach: They propose a framework for generating pedagogically meaningful visuals from MWP text descriptions using a pre-defined visual language and a design space grounded in interviews with math teachers.
Outcome: The proposed framework illustrates the core mathematical relationships in math word problems.

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Mathematical Word Problem Generation from Commonsense Knowledge Graph and Equations (2021.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Existing models for generating mathematical word problems are lacking in educational assessment.
Approach: They propose an end-to-end neural model to generate diverse mathematical word problems from commonsense knowledge graph and equations.
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms the SOTA models in terms of evaluation metrics and topic relevance.
Math Word Problem Generation with Mathematical Consistency and Problem Context Constraints (2021.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Existing approaches to generate arithmetic math word problems are invalid or have unsatisfactory language quality.
Approach: They propose a method for automatically generating arithmetic math word problems from equations and context.
Outcome: The proposed approach improves language quality and mathematical validity on three real-world MWP datasets.
EDUMATH: Generating Standards-aligned Educational Math Word Problems (2026.acl-long)

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Challenge: Math word problems (MWPs) are critical elements of K-12 math education and can be customized to students' interests and ability levels.
Approach: They propose that LLMs can generate MWPs customized to student interests and math education standards by using an open and closed LLM to evaluate over 11,000 MWps and develop a teacher-annotated dataset for standards-aligned educational MWPS generation.
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms existing closed models without training and is more similar to human-written MWPs but prefers customized MWPS with grade school students.
Generate & Rank: A Multi-task Framework for Math Word Problems (2021.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Existing studies formalize MWP as a generation task but mathematical expressions are prone to minor mistakes.
Approach: They propose a ranking task for math word problem (MWP) that learns from its own mistakes and distinguishes between correct and incorrect expressions.
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms baselines on the classical Math23k dataset and is 7% higher than the state-of-the-art.
StatsChartMWP: A Dataset for Evaluating Multimodal Mathematical Reasoning Abilities on Math Word Problems with Statistical Charts (2025.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: StatsChartMWP is a dataset for evaluating visual mathematical reasoning abilities on math word problems with statistical charts.
Approach: They propose a dataset for evaluating visual mathematical reasoning abilities on math word problems with statistical charts.
Outcome: The proposed model is more effective than open-source approaches.
Interpretable Math Word Problem Solution Generation via Step-by-step Planning (2023.acl-long)

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Challenge: Existing approaches to solving math word problems focus on obtaining the correct answer.
Approach: They propose a step-by-step planning approach for intermediate solution generation that strategically plans the generation of the next solution step based on the MWP and the previous solution steps.
Outcome: The proposed approach improves the accuracy and interpretability of the solution on automatic metrics and human evaluation.
TMATH A Dataset for Evaluating Large Language Models in Generating Educational Hints for Math Word Problems (2025.coling-main)

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Challenge: Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly being applied in education, showing significant potential in personalized instruction, student feedback, and intelligent tutoring systems (ITSs).
Approach: They propose a dataset specifically designed to evaluate LLMs’ ability to generate high-quality hints for Math Word Problems.
Outcome: The proposed dataset shows that LLMs can generate more accurate and contextually appropriate educational hints for math word problems without offering direct answers.
DISK: Domain-constrained Instance Sketch for Math Word Problem Generation (2022.coling-1)

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Challenge: Existing methods for generating MWP text from equations are inflexible and require pre-defined templates.
Approach: They propose a neural model which generates MWPs from equations by constructing a Quantity Cell Graph from the retrieved MWp instance and reasoning over it.
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MWP-BERT: Numeracy-Augmented Pre-training for Math Word Problem Solving (2022.findings-naacl)

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Challenge: Existing work on math word problem solvers replace real numbers with symbolic placeholders to focus on logic reasoning.
Approach: They propose to inject numerical properties into symbolic placeholders with contextualized representation learning schema to solve number representation dilemma.
Outcome: The proposed model can solve MWP problems on English and Chinese benchmarks.
DrawEduMath: Evaluating Vision Language Models with Expert-Annotated Students’ Hand-Drawn Math Images (2025.naacl-long)

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Challenge: DrawEduMath examines the ability of vision language models to handle real-world math problems, such as those encountered in classrooms and tutoring sessions.
Approach: They present DrawEduMath, an English-language dataset of 2,030 images of students’ handwritten responses to math problems.
Outcome: The proposed model can be used to evaluate teachers' QA pairs and 44,362 synthetic QAs derived from teachers' descriptions.

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